AGRICULTURE AND BIOLOGY JOURNAL OF NORTH AMERICA Effect of laser leveling, water quantities and rhizobium inoculation on fixing N 2 efficiency with Faba Bean

Abstract

ABSTRACT Reducing water consumption and mineral fertilizer in agriculture, by modern techniques and biofertilizer is very important to face water shortage in Egypt, encourage organic agriculture and environment preservation. A field experiment was conducted in clay soil during winter season of 2012-2013., to study the effect of, laser leveling, water quantities and rhizobium inoculation on fixing N 2 efficiency with faba bean (vicia faba L.). Seeds were inoculated with rhizobium and planted at different leveling slopes (zero, 0.03 and 0.05%) with different water quantities (100, 75 and 50%) from water required. Either leveling slope, water quantities and rhizobium inoculation has a significant effects (P 0.01) on nodulation, growth, chemical, yield parameters, and water use efficiency. By rhizobium inoculation all parameters were increases and has a direct proportion with leveling slope, and water quantities at range between 75 to 50%., and inverse proportional at range between 100 to 75% of water quantities. The optimum treatment is leveling slope 0.05%, water quantities 75%, and inoculated seeds which recorded increases compared with control treatment, on either nodules No., and weight, biological and seed yield, seed index and water use efficiency, about 213.22, 89.04, 100, 136.34, 55.9 and 211.12%., respectively