Which is Better for Pain Reduction before Venipuncture: Glucose, Lidocaine or Expressed Breast Milk? Introduction and Aim

Abstract

Abstract Aim: The aim of this study was to compare effects of 2 cc oral glucose (50%), topical application of lidocaine, 2 cc of expressed breast milk (EBM), and nothing per oral for reducing of pain before painful procedures. Patients and methods: In this case-control study, 121 term neonates were included. There were 3 groups of cases and one control group. Inclusion criteria were: term neonates (38-42 weeks); stable condition; per oral feeding; five minutes APGAR>7; and no history of narcotic usage. Neonates were randomly divided in 4 groups. Two milliliter of glucose solution (50%), topical application of lidocaine, and 2 cc of expressed breast milk via syringe were used for group I, II, and III respectively. Group IV is the control group. For control group, no additional measure was done. Data analysis was performed using SPSS ver 11.0 (SPSS Inc, Chicago, IL, USA). Chi-square, t-test, and ANOVA were used for analysis. P<0.05 was considered significant. Results: Score of Douleur Aiguë Nouveau-né was significantly lower in group III compared to other group (P<0.05, Tukey). Crying time in group III was significantly lower than group IV. Respiratory rate in group II was significantly lower than group IV (P=0.018). Pulse rate was significantly lower in group III compared to other group. Conclusion: Expressed breast milk is the safe and natural agents for reducing pain of neonates. Another clinical trial study with more samples is recommended