Abstract: Six local mango accessions; Zebda, Zaghloul, Gemela, Ganofia, El-Madam and ElKobbaneia were collected from private farm in Sharkia Governorate. Physical and chemical characteristics of fruits study besides of molecular characterization (as total proteins). The data showed that El-Kobbaneia fruit had the biggest fruit also El-Madam produced the smallest one. The lowest fiber percentage was clear in Ganofia fruit followed by Zebda fruit as compared with all mango fruits under study. The highest fruit Juice percentage was shown in El-Kobbaneia fruit, while Ganofia fruit had the lowest one. Also, the lowest titrable acidity was clear in Ganofia fruit, but the highest one was detected in Zebda fruit. Meanwhile, the highest total sugar was clear in Gemela fruit. However, El-Madam fruit had the lowest VC. The highest total number of variable bands (seven) was existed in Zebda species while the lowest number was presented in Ganofia species (2 bands). The percentage of polymorphism in all mango species ranged between 16.7% in both EL-Kobbaneia and Gemela species to 29.2 % in Zebda species

Amira A Fouad

H Fekria

Khalil

M A Alaka

Malaka A Saleh

Mamdouh M Nagiub

Nagwa S Zaied

Saleh

CiteSeerX

Australian Journal of Basic and Applied Sciences, 3(3): 1920-1924, 2009
ISSN 1991-8178
 
Corresponding Author: Malaka. A.Saleh, Pomology Dept., National Research Center,Dokki,Giza, Egypt. 
1920
Assessment of Some Mango Species by Fruit Characters and Fingerprint
Malaka. A.Saleh, Nagwa.S. Zaied, Amira. A.Fouad, Mamdouh. M.Nagiub,Fekria,H.Khalil.
Pomology Dept., National Research Center,Dokki,Giza, Egypt. 
Abstract: Six local mango accessions; Zebda, Zaghloul, Gemela, Ganofia, El-Madam and El-
Kobbaneia were collected from private farm in Sharkia Governorate. Physical and chemical
characteristics of fruits study besides of molecular characterization (as total proteins). The data showed
that El-Kobbaneia fruit had the biggest fruit also El-Madam produced the smallest one. The lowest
fiber percentage was clear in Ganofia fruit followed by Zebda fruit as compared with all mango fruits
under study. The highest fruit Juice percentage was shown in El-Kobbaneia fruit, while Ganofia fruit
had the lowest one. Also, the lowest titrable acidity was clear in Ganofia fruit, but the highest one
was detected in Zebda fruit. Meanwhile, the highest total sugar was clear in Gemela fruit. However,
El-Madam fruit had the lowest VC. The highest total number of variable bands (seven) was existed
in Zebda species while the lowest number  was presented in Ganofia species (2 bands). The
percentage of polymorphism in all mango species ranged between 16.7% in both EL-Kobbaneia and
Gemela species to 29.2 % in Zebda species.
Key words: Mango species, fruit characters, fingerprint
INTRODUCTION
Many factors, especially environmental conditions a influence the development of mango and therefore
influence its quality. The same cultivation can attain different characteristics in different growing conditions.
Even in the same region, the different environmental conditions at different years can affect maturity and
quality of the fruit. Mango breeding has not a high priority, because it has been very difficult to achieve
breading objective in an expedition manner. The mango has a 7 years Juvenile period and time required to
evaluate seedling trees can be up to 12 years (Arumuganathan and Earle, 1991). Mango hybrids have been
obtained by controlled or open crosses. In the last one, it is important to identify the male parent because it
is useful for the genetic cultivar history, thus it is important for planning further improvements. This work
presents a parentage test used a mango other parameters (RAPD) (Random  Amplified polymorphic DNA)
markers to extimate the male parent to selected hybrids in an open cross plot by using five mango cultivars
densely planted  in a lation square design (Maria et al. 2006). The RAPD markers can be used as a diagnostic
tool to identify plantlets in polyembry. Onic seeds but, at least duplicates and reproducible primers should be
utilized to enhance the working efficiency (cordeiro et al. 2006). The present study aimed mainly to evaluate
of some mango species and their fruits characters and fingerprint. 
MATERIALS AND METHODS
This study was carried out during 2005 to 2007 in an experimental orchard at Sharkia governorate. The
trees were budded on seedling rootstock and were grown in a loamy clay soil. The trees were planted at five
meters apart and were irrigated with Nile water using the traditional basin system and uniformly received other
horticultural practices. 
Plant Material:
Six local mango evaluations: Zebda, Zaghloul, Gemela, Ganofia, El–Madam and El–Kobbaneia trees were
used in this work, at maturity stage according to El–Sheikh (2002). 
A representative sample of 10 fruits was taken from each tree (replicate) during the (On) year trees and
the following characters were determined 
1. physical characteristics 
Aust. J. Basic & Appl. Sci., 3(3): 1920-1924, 2009
1921
Average fruit weight (g), fruit length (cm), fruit diameter (cm), fruit volume (cm), juice weight (g) and
fiber percentage (%) were calculated 
2. Chemical characteristics 
a Total soluble solids (TSS %) of fruit juice by using a hand refractometer (A.O.A.C 1990). 
b Titrable acidity of fruit juice was determined according to the (A.O.A.C 1990).
c Total sugar of fruit juice was determined according to the (A.O.A.C 1990).
d TSS/ acid ratio calculated by divided TSS by juice  titrable acidity  
2- Vitamin (was determined according to A .O. A .C 1990) 
Total proteins Electrophoretic analyses:
SDS – polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis was performed according to laemmli (1990). Electrophoresis was
carried out at 4 C until the bromophenol blue front passed completely through the gel. The gel was stainedo
for 12 hr in 0.1 % coomassie brilliant blue and distained until the bands were clearly observed. Gel bands were
scanned and analyzed using GEL Doc Bio–Rad system. Adendrogram was constructed on the basis of the
similarity matrix data by unweighted pair group method with arithmetic average (VPGMA) cluster analysis
using the software MEGA software.
Statistical Data Analysis:
The data obtained from the fruit characteristic experimental groups was arranged in a complete randomized
block design and was analyzed according to Snedecor and Cochrun (1989). The means were differentiated
using Duncan (1955) multiple rang test at 5% level. 
RESULT AND DISCUSSIONS
Fruit Characteristics: 
a. Physical Characteristics: 
It is clear from tables (1 and 2) that the fruit weight character values of EL– Kobbaneia fruits was
significantly higher values followed by Zaghloul fruits then Gemela fruits as compared with all others in both
seasons; 424.33 g & 432.33 g of El-Kobbaneia, 400.33 g& 411.33 g of Zaghloul and 290.33 g & 297.67 g
of Gemela. Meanwhile, the highest fruit length (12.83 and 13.03 Cm) was produced by Gemela fruits followed
by Zaghloul fruits (11.90 and 14.45 Cm) as compared with all other accessions in both seasons. However, the
highest fruit volume was shown by El-Kobbaneia followed by Zaghloul as compared with all other fruits in
both seasons. Meanwhile, the lowest fruit volume was produced by Ganofia fruits in both seasons. In addition,
the value of fruit diameter character of El-Kobbaneia fruit was significantly higher in both seasons. While, the
fruit of Ganofia in both seasons had the lowest fruit diameter. Both Gemela and El-Madam fruits came in
between in this respect. Furthermore, the lowest fiber percentage was produced by Ganofia fruit followed by
Zebda and El-Kobbaneia then Zaghloul fruits as compared with all other accessions in both seasons. Also, the
El-Kobbaneia fruit contained the highest percentage of juice and Ganofia fruit contained the lowest one on both
seasons. These results are in agreement with those reported by Arnaud et al. (2003) conclusion that better
control of the development of the mango fruit after harvest would make it possible to solve the most serious
problems of quality. In addition, Zaied et al. (2007) found that Langra fruit had the biggest fruit followed by
Dabsha and El-Kobbaneia, but El-Madam and Khade El-Gamel produced the smallest one. The lowest fiber
percentage was clear in Alphonso fruit and the highest one was in Langra fruit. The highest fruit juice
percentage was shown in Langra fruit, while the Hendi Meloky fruit had the lowest one.
Table 1: Fruit characteristics of some Mango fruits during 2005 season1
Characteristic Fruit weight Fruit length Fruit volume Fruit diameter Fiber Juice weight
------------------ (g) (cm) (cm) (cm) % in weight
Fruit
Zebda 271.67e 11.50c 296.33c 8.20b 2.20d 154.33e
Zaghloul 400.33b 11.90b 398.67b 8.27b 2.44c 265.00b
Gemela 290.33c 12.83a 298.00c 6.80c 4.78a 194.00c
Ganofia 96.77f 8.80d 85.33e 4.73d 2.01e 55.33f
El-Madam 284.67d 11.70ab 284.00d 6.87c 3.58b 185.33d
El-Kobbaneia 424.33 11.77bc 452.67a 8.73a 2.28d 295.00a
Means having the same letter (s) in each row are in significantly different at 5% level.
Aust. J. Basic & Appl. Sci., 3(3): 1920-1924, 2009
1922
Table 2: Fruit characteristics of some Mango fruits during 2007 season2
Characteristic Fruit weight Fruit length Fruit volume Fruit diameter Fiber Juice weight
------------------ (g) (cm) (cm) (cm) % in weight
Fruit
Zebda 276.67d 12.00cd 306.33c 8.50b 2.20ed 155.67e
Zaghloul 411.33b 14.45b 403.00b 8.63b 2.59c 269.00b
Gemela 297.67c 13.03a 300.33d 7.00c 4.62a 198.33c
Ganofia 101.00f 9.07e 70.33f 4.93d 2.03e 61.33f
El-Madam 259.67e 11.77d 259.00e 7.17c 3.56b 179.00d
El-Kobbaneia 432.33a 12.27cb 453.33a 8.93a 2.34d 300.00a
Means having the same letter (s) in each row are insignificantly different at 5% level.
b. Chemical Characteristics:
It is clear from table (3) that the juice acidity percentage of Ganofia fruit (1.89 and 1.91) was the highest
in comparing with other mango accessions and El-Madam (1.90) in the first season. While, the lowest juice
acidity percentage was detected in Zebda fruit (1.73 and 1.71) in both seasons. However, all mango accessions
were significantly different in the juice TSS percentage and this was clear in the two seasons of this study
except in Zebda and Zaghloul in the second season as well as El-Madam and El-Kobbaneia which showed no
significant difference between them. Meanwhile, no significant differences were found in TSS/acid ratio of
Zebda and El-Kobbaneia in both seasons and Zaghloul and Ganofia in the second season. Furthermore, the
highest total sugar content was showed by Gemela in both seasons as well as Zaghloul, Ganofia and El-
Kobbaneia in the second season. While, the lowest total sugar content was shown by El-Madam fruits in both
seasons. Also, the highest citric acid content was shown by El-Madam fruit in both seasons. The fruit of
gamela contained the lowest citric acid .whil, the zebda and Ganofia fruits came in between in this respect in
both seasons. These results are in agreement with those reported by Yahia (1998) recommending that harvest
maturity in mango is reached in about 12 to 16 weeks after fruit set. For "Carabao" in the Philippines it is
recommended that the soluble solild content should be 66.25 (Brix) and titratable acidity 2.64 % (expressed
as anhydrous citric acid). Also, zaied et al (2007) found that the highest TSS% was shown in Langra fruit.
The highest titratable acidity and the lowest V .C were clear in Dabsha fruit.
Table 3: Chemical constituents of some mango fruits during 2005 and 2007 seasons.
Characteristic Titratable acidity TSS % TSS/acid ratio Total sugar % V.C> mg/ 100 ml juice
 accessions ---------------------- ----------------------- ---------------------- ---------------------- -----------------------------
2005 2007 2005 2007 2005 2007 2005 2007 2005 2007
Zebda 1.73c 1.71e 8.77f 8.83c 5.07d 5.16c 17.50c 16.69ab 22.20c 22.54c
Zaghloul 1.80b 1.82c 9.47c 9.70c 5.26c 5.33b 19.50b 19.54a 16.67e 16.78e
Gemela 1.81b 1.82c 10.30a 10.47a 5.69a 5.75a 25.67a 18.95a 14.60f 14.50f
Ganofia 1.89a 1.91a 10.00b 10.13b 5.29b 5.30b 18.60bc 18.66a 26.30b 26.34b
El-Madam 1.89a 1.87b 9.00 9.20d 4.76f 4.91d 13.65d 13.71b 27.25a 27.20ae
El-Kobbaneia 1.80b 1.79d 9.17d 9.20d 5.09d 5.14c 19.60b 19.66a 16.81d 16.60e
Means having the same letter(s) in each row are insignificantly different at 5% level.
c- Sds-page Analysis of Total Proteins:
SDS-PAGE profile patterns of total proteins extracted from six mango species were presented in Fig (1).
SDS-PAGE analysis species revealed 24 bands with different RE. The six mango species were ordered in
ascending range from 16 bands in genofia species to 21 bands in Zebda species. EL-Madam species
characterized by 20 bands ; EL-Kobbaneia and gemela species were characterized by 18 bands and Zaghloul
species characterized by 19 bands. Also, SDS-PAGE analysis of total proteins were presented in table (4) and
revealed a total of nubands with different RF 14 out of them were commonly detected in all mango species.
Table (4) revealed the variable bands and the total variable bands are 10, the highest total number of the
variable bands (seven) was existed in Zebda species , while the lowest number was presented in Ganofia
species (2 bands ) . the residwal species were intermediate between them (six bands in El- Madam species,
four bands in both EL-Kobbaneia and gemela species and five bands in Zaghloul . Also, table(4) revealed the
percentage of polymorphism in all mango species ranged between 16.7% in both EL-Kobbaneia and gemela
species to 29.2 % in Zebda species. These results are in agreement with those reported by Maria et al 2006
found that a parentage test used a mango other parameters (RAPD) (Random Amplified Polymorphic DNA)
markers to estimate the male parent to selected hybrids in an open cross plot by using five mango cultivars
densely planted in elation square design.
Aust. J. Basic & Appl. Sci., 3(3): 1920-1924, 2009
1923
Fig. 1: Zymograms of total proteins banding patterns in six mango species.
Table 4: SDS-PAGE analysis of total proteins a mango six mango species
Total protein of mango species
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Bands RF Zebda EL-Madam EL Kobbaneia Zaghloul Gemela Genofia
1 15 +
2 27 + + + + + +
3 45 + + + + + +
4 63 + + + + + +
5 73 + + + +
6 92 + + + + + +
7 104 + + + + + +
8 132 + + + + + +
9 157 + + + + + +
10 204 + + + + + +
11 219 +
12 252 + + + + +
13 288 + + + + + +
14 317 + + +
15 353 + + + + + +
16 403 + + + +
17 438 + + + + + +
18 486 + + + + + +
19 540 + + + + +
20 571 + + +
21 607 + + + + + +
22 699 +
23 737 + + + + + +
24 821 +
Total 24 21 20 18 19 18 16
Total polymorphic bands = 1 7 6 4 5 4 2
% of polymorphism 29.2 25 16.7 20.8 16.7 8.3
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Assessment of Some Mango Species by Fruit Characters and Fingerprint

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