Abstract Man has used all his knowledge to make life easier for themselve

Danijela Bonacin

Dobromir Bonacin

Drena Trkulja-Petković

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Bonacin, Da., et al.: Latent dimensions of economic indicators obtained on the…                Sport Science 7 (2014) 2: 101‐104 
 101
 
LATENT DIMENSIONS OF ECONOMIC INDICATORS OBTAINED 
ON THE STUDENT POPULATION 
 
Danijela Bonacin1, Drena Trkulja-Petković2 and Dobromir Bonacin1 
 
1 Faculty of Social Sciences dr.M.Brkić, University of Herzegovina, Međugorje, Bosnia & Herzegovina 
2 Faculty of Kinesilogy, University of Zagreb, Croatia 
 
Original scientific paper 
 
Abstract 
Man has used all his knowledge to make life easier for themselves and made it enjoyable. Primarily teamed 
with others and formed a community (family), interest groups (tribes and genera) and then society as 
abstract entities (nations). Moreover, in accordance with the time, he set up the whole scientific fields such 
as medicine, sociology, psychology, kinesiology, etc., to deal with himself or egg economy, so that it has 
resources around them in order to "better life". As then, so today, we could say that it was an important link 
of economic development to increase the living standards of people and their overall position in society. In 
addition, as can be seen, the entire present-day international economic system and relations are encouraging 
all activities of the ownership and the establishment of political relations to the development of different 
economies. In this sense, the article elaborates underlying latent economic data obtained from a broader 
population of students from linguistically less problematic areas of southern Europe. 
 
Key Words: economic indicators, latent dimensions, students 
 
Introduction 
 
In the essence of the law of development of 
human history there is a simple fact - people first 
of all need to eat, drink, live, dress up, before 
they will be able to engage in politics, science, art, 
religion and so on. And that no matter in what 
they degree are. Accordingly, the level of security 
and economic development is the foundation from 
which they have developed state institutions, the 
legal conceptions, art and even religious notions 
concerned people (Dragičević, 1993). 
 
According to the same author, it is the economic 
conditions of life that are determining the overall 
moment of human history, and they ultimately 
determine social trends and forms of political, 
legal, cultural and conceptual creativity. But at the 
same time it is forgotten that man, changing the 
world around him changed himself. Dragicevic 
(1993) also argues that it was the "practice" way 
such a man's being, dialectical exercise of subjects 
and objects, the unity of their mutual influences 
and ongoing process operations and makeover 
which the entity produces a new subject reality.  
 
Thus, the essential basis of man's opinion does not 
make nature as such, but rather its changing 
activity of the human community. This is the 
concept of man as a conscious, free, creative and 
self-creative being's practice. According to Bilic 
(1996), the man and his achievements, and other 
types of social wealth and the natural resources 
available, their quality and structure make the 
productive power of society. And it is this power 
that determines the ability of an individual, group, 
group, class and society as a whole to produce 
more or less uniform or varied. It is spoken about 
the course of the production and reproduction of 
goods necessary to satisfy human needs as the  
 
 
 
production power companies operating lever which 
determines the character of the relationships that 
govern the society. As it stands, it all comes down 
to meeting the needs. The productive power of 
society. Supply and demand. Market. Questions 
are asked by itself ... What is that even the 
market and what processes are in place there? 
How many of these processes are any? Who are 
the main actors in these processes? What are their 
consequences? Who manages all these processes, 
how and for how long? 
 
How does it go in generations? Why does society 
need these processes and finally, who educates 
staff to manage it? In the end it all comes down to 
the management of which was the word at the 
beginning, and whose importance is evident in 
every moment of our existence. If we return to 
the past for at least a bit, as a rule, you always 
had to manage processes that were taking place, 
the actors of these processes, a consequence of 
these processes .... Each of the stages of human 
life had only her characteristic society and within it 
a complex way of managing. In slavery existed 
master ie. Pharaoh / ruler / emperor and slave 
(Allan, 2010; Grant, 2010), the Roman State 
Senate, emperor patricians, plebeians and slaves 
(Allan, 2010), in feudalism feudal ie. King / 
nobleman and farmer (Morris, 2010), later 
industrialist and worker, and today we have ... 
what? 
 
Although perhaps not consciously, people have 
always known that the manipulation of resources, 
thus managing the important thing. Because it is 
on the basis of knowledge and principles (Covey, 
2004; Aksentijević et al., 2008; Bonacin, Da., 
2008; 2011). 
Bonacin, Da., et al.: Latent dimensions of economic indicators obtained on the…                Sport Science 7 (2014) 2: 101‐104 
 102 
Economics as a resource 
 
In accordance with a number of turmoil through 
XX. Century, it is possible to identify several global 
direction in which the world economic policy was 
developed. One of them is certainly the 
proliferation of socially-oriented programmatic 
commitments embodied in various forms as a 
stable subsystem mainly workers' demands for 
equalizing differences in material income and job 
security, health care, pensions and similar. On the 
other hand, a certain contradiction, stood and 
stands still always stable system mainly owner-
oriented politocratic and partly technocratic 
tendency which is the fundamental objective of 
capital accumulation and disposal of it 
(Bahtijarević-Šiber and Sikavica, 2001; Turner, 
2003; Russell, 2005). Somehow timidly between 
the two, often extremely set models and the 
different ideas largely derived from one of the two 
global sources (liberal entrepreneurship, 
agriculture and other exploitation of natural 
resources, ...) have occurred, but without real 
power to change into a serious paradigm and 
"jeopardize" the previous two general models. The 
reasons for this are within some extremely serious 
elements of the system of values that its 
manifestations in every show, any economic 
system. 
This is because it is impossible to separate 
economics from politics, so it is certainly economic 
policy term that best describes this whole activity. 
From the control positions, planning, organizing, 
managing and monitoring are the elements of any 
economy, each system and each unit regardless of 
its size and purpose. 
 
For these reasons, it is obvious adequately 
economy seen as a particularly valuable resource 
that has the most direct repercussions on the 
entire model management systems of any kind 
(Pojskić, 2006). 
 
Methods 
 
Through 2010-2011.g. was initiated the project 
"Research of sociological, management and moral 
values of students" sponsored by the Faculty of 
Education in Travnik. The subjects were students 
from Travnik, Mostar, Split, Rijeka, Osijek, Nis and 
Pula. A total of 210 indicators applied to 2500 
students. For the purposes of this study from the 
total cash retained 406 entities described with 12 
indicators of economic indicators. Results are first 
considered for the normalization of category data, 
and then processed component factor analysis 
with rotation in orthoblique position (Bonacin, 
2010). 
 
Results 
 
Table 1. Variables in  model 
 
E001 Without money as a general values of humanity would be completely undeveloped 
E002 Everything is on sale for money, the only question is price 
E003 A large part of his time man should be given to obtaining as much money 
E004 Money is always a high status in society 
E005 Great material wealth are extremely desirable thing in life 
E006 Money value to be converted into material wealth 
E007 Investments in real estate and valuable assets are exceptionally good thing 
E008 Material wealth enables a large degree of safety 
E009 Only high economic status to good education 
E010 The high position in society is directly related to the high economic status 
E011 Economic high-ranking man is freer than other people 
E012 Psycho-physical health is directly conditioned by economic status 
 
Table 2. Correlations of economic dimensions 
 
  E001 E002 E003 E004 E005 E006 E007 E008 E009 E010 E011 E012 
E001 1.00 0.37 0.32 0.31 0.27 0.32 0.28 0.34 0.18 0.29 0.33 0.25 
E002 1.00 0.38 0.48 0.32 0.31 0.34 0.28 0.22 0.39 0.39 0.35 
E003 1.00 0.37 0.50 0.35 0.18 0.15 0.23 0.18 0.24 0.24 
E004 1.00 0.62 0.59 0.45 0.40 0.26 0.48 0.40 0.28 
E005 1.00 0.63 0.47 0.36 0.21 0.34 0.36 0.27 
E006 1.00 0.59 0.48 0.27 0.39 0.33 0.31 
E007 1.00 0.63 0.30 0.41 0.39 0.34 
E008 1.00 0.39 0.47 0.56 0.40 
E009 1.00 0.54 0.40 0.33 
E010 1.00 0.61 0.47 
E011 1.00 0.52 
E012 1.00 
 
Bonacin, Da., et al.: Latent dimensions of economic indicators obtained on the…                Sport Science 7 (2014) 2: 101‐104 
 103
Table 3. Orthoblique position of economic dimensions 
 
Indicators                                          /                                                   factors OBQ1 OBQ2 OBQ3 
Without money as a general values of humanity would be completely 0.04 0.21 0.49 
Everything is on sale for money, the only question is price -0.02 0.26 0.63 
A large part of his time man should be given to obtaining as much money 0.17 -0.19 0.80 
Money is always a high status in society 0.66 -0.01 0.25 
Great material wealth are extremely desirable thing in life 0.84 -0.23 0.22 
Money value to be converted into material wealth 0.93 -0.09 -0.04 
Investments in real estate and valuable assets are exceptionally good thing 0.81 0.22 -0.33 
Material wealth enables a large degree of safety 0.51 0.55 -0.34 
Only high economic status to good education -0.09 0.74 -0.03 
The high position in society is directly related to the high economic status 0.03 0.79 0.03 
Economic high-ranking man is freer than other people -0.02 0.79 0.09 
Psycho-physical health is directly conditioned by economic status -0.13 0.72 0.17 
  OBQ1 OBQ2 OBQ3 
OBQ1 1.00 0.57 0.48 
OBQ2 0.57 1.00 0.38 
OBQ3 0.48 0.38 1.00 
 
 
The results of the factor analysis in the area of 
economic dimension visible are three latent 
mechanism e.g.. The factors responsible for the 
variation of initial indicators. The first factor is 
described variables: money is always a high status 
in society (0.66), great material wealth is an 
extremely desirable thing in life (0.84). Also: 
money values to be converted into material wealth 
(0.93), investment property and valuable assets 
are very good thing (0.81). Such mechanism is 
described as an action. Another factor is described 
by the following variables: material wealth allows 
a great degree of safety (0.55), only high 
economic status to good education (0.74), high 
position in society is directly related to the high 
economic status (0.79), economic high-ranking 
man is freer than other people (0.79), physical 
and psychological health is directly conditioned by 
economic status (0.72). Thus described, this 
mechanism is a consequence. The third factor is 
described in the following variables: out of money 
as the general values of humanity would be 
completely undeveloped (0.49), everything is on 
sale for money, the only question is the price 
(0.63), a large part of their time man should be 
given to obtaining as much money (0.80) . Thus 
described, this mechanism has a mean. Results of 
the analysis showed normal distribution factors. 
Correlations between factors are homogeneous 
and uniform but lower than in other areas, which 
means that it is not so much of a connection 
between them. Factor activity is positively 
correlated with factor consequence of (0.57) and a 
little less by a factor means (0.48). Factor 
consequence is positively correlated with the 
activity factor (0.57) and somewhat less by a 
factor of funds (0.38) while the factor means the 
calling correlated with the activity factor (0.48) 
and slightly less by a factor of consequence 
(0.38). In the area of economic dimension visible 
are three latent factors responsible for variations 
in the initial indicators, which means that there 
are three mechanisms that operate in the 
background in this area. 
 
The first mechanism is action. To the evaluated 
population obviously is clear that in today's world 
they should act. What does that mean? For 
starters, the money value must be converted into 
material wealth because precisely this material 
wealth is an extremely desirable thing in life. As a 
result, the opinion that investments in real estate 
and valuable assets very good thing and the 
money to high status in society. What this action 
results? The second mechanism is a consequence. 
On the basis of these results is a quite nice 
painting, a picture of how young people think of 
the tested region. Obviously they are aware that a 
high position in society is directly related to the 
high economic status and recognize the 
connection between economic high-ranking man 
with freedom, at least in relation to other people.  
 
Likewise, connect the physical and psychological 
health with economic status, indeed, find that it is 
directly influenced by it, as well as the possibility 
of a good education. Realize that material wealth 
allows a great degree of safety. The third 
mechanism is a mean. Respondents are aware, in 
order to reach a result of which they want to, and 
must act in the use of certain funds. They are 
aware of how much of their time man should be 
given to obtaining as much money, think about 
how everything is for sale only a question of 
process and in the end, according to them, out of 
money as the general values of humanity would 
be completely undeveloped. 
 
Conclusion 
 
A sample of 406 entities - students from the wider 
area of South Africa, is described with 12 
indicators of economic indicators. The results 
showed that there is a small and stable set of 
latent mechanisms responsible for events in the 
economic  field. Thus, in orthoblique position it 
obtained three latent mechanisms: a) action, b) 
the consequences and c) funds. Results of the 
analysis showed normal distribution factors.  
Bonacin, Da., et al.: Latent dimensions of economic indicators obtained on the…                Sport Science 7 (2014) 2: 101‐104 
 104 
Correlations between factors are homogeneous 
and uniform but lower than in some other areas 
which means it is not such a correlation between 
them. This of course means that the action of one 
segment can be less affected by the other. For 
example, if we reduce the effect, does not mean it 
will reduce the consequences. There is a clear 
correlation between factors of action and 
consequence factors while not as great a factor of 
funds. Understandably, because no matter how 
you acted as a result of the effects occurs 
regardless of the means. But the factor of 
resources is positively correlated higher value by a 
factor of action than a factor of consequence 
which obviously means that action depends on 
resources, e.g.. As more resources are owned and 
can no longer operate. These are clear economic 
indicators that is very easy to understand and 
elaborate, but it is particularly interesting to the 
student population perceives it perfectly. 
 
References 
 
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inovativnosti i uspješnosti poslovanja [Management of human resources as basis for inovations and 
business effectiveness. In Croatian.]. Informatologija, 41(1), 46-50. 
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Croatian.]. Zagreb: Masmedia. 
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man that manage. In Croatian.]. Međ. simpozij "Čovjek i moderni svijet", Univerzitet u Sarajevu, 
Sarajevo, pp. 73-80. (ur. Ćaklovica, F.). 
Bonacin, Da. (2011). Latentna struktura položaja upravljačkog potencijala studenata u prostoru društvenih 
atributa [Latent structure of students managing potential position in a space of social atributes. In 
Croatian.]. /Master thesis./ Travnik: University of Travnik. 
Covey, R.S. (2004). Uspješno vođenje na temeljima načela [Successfull leadership na principle fundaments. 
In Croatian.]. Zagreb: Mozaik knjiga. 
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Tiskara Varteks. 
Pojskić, M. (2006). Menadžment u funkciji ekonomskog razvoja [Management in the function of economic 
development. In Croatian.]. Sarajevo: Personal edition. 
Russell, B. (2005). Mudrost Zapada [Wisdom of West. In Croatian.].Split: Marjan tisak. 
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LATENTNE DIMENZIJE EKONOMSKIH INDIKATORA DOBIVENE 
NA STUDENTSKOJ POPULACIJI 
 
Sažetak 
Čovjek je sve svoje spoznaje koristio kako bi sebi olakšao život i učinio ga ugodnim. Ponajprije se udružio sa 
sebi sličnima i formirao zajednice (obitelji), interesne grupe (plemena i rodove) pa onda i društva kao 
apstraktne cjeline (narodi). Štoviše, u skladu s vremenom, oformio je čitava znanstvena područja poput 
medicine, sociologije, psihologije, kineziologije, itd., kako bi se bavio sam sobom ili npr. ekonomije, kako bi 
raspolagao resursima oko sebe u svrhu „boljeg života“. Kako tada, tako i danas, moglo bi se reći kako je 
upravo ekonomski razvoj važna karika za povećanje životnog standarda čovjeka i njegove ukupne pozicije u 
društvu. Uz to, kako se vidi, čitav današnji međunarodni ekonomski sustav i odnosi u njemu potiču sve 
aktivnosti od formiranja vlasničkih odnosa i uspostavljanja političkih odnosa do razvoja različitih ekonomija. 
U tom smislu u članku se elaboriraju temeljni latentni ekonomski pokazatelji dobiveni na populaciji 
studernata sa šireg jezično manje problematičnog područja Južne Europe. 
 
Ključne riječi: ekonomski pokazatelji, latentne dimenzije, studenti 
 
 
Received: February 11, 2013 
Accepted: December 20, 2014 
Correspondence to: 
Msc, Danijela Bonacin, PhD st. 
Faculty of social sciences dr.M.Brkić 
University of Herzegovina 
Bijakovići, Međugorje, Bosnia & Herzegovina 
Phone: +385 (0)98 955 7186 
E-mail: dabonacin@hotmail.com 


LATENT DIMENSIONS OF ECONOMIC INDICATORS OBTAINED ON THE STUDENT POPULATION

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LATENT DIMENSIONS OF ECONOMIC INDICATORS OBTAINED ON THE STUDENT POPULATION

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