ABSTRACT The present experiment was conducted at Agricultural Research Farm, NWFP agricultural University Peshawar during 2004-05, to evaluate the effect of different planting methods on yield components of wheat, using randomized complete block design with four replications. Planting methods evaluated were: Line planting (20cm apart), Line planting (30cm apart), Cross planting, Broadcast planting, Single row on ridge, and Double row on single ridge. Line planted wheat 30cm apart produced significantly higher number of spikes m -2 (164), thousand grain weight (39.85g) and grain yield (5164 kg ha (57), thousand grain weight (32.09 g) and grain yield (4088 kg ha -1 ). This study shows that line planting 30cm apart gives better results for grain yield of wheat than broadcast and other planting methods studied

Asad Shah

Attaullah Khan

Muhammad Arif

Sajid Ali

Sajjad Khan

Zahira Hussain

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Sarhad J. Agric. Vol. 23, No. 3, 2007 
 
 
 
*         Department of Agronomy, NWFP Agricultural University, Peshawar - Pakistan 
**       Department of Plant Breeding & Genetics, NWFP Agricultural University, Peshawar - Pakistan 
***    Institute of Developmental Studies, NWFP Agricultural University, Peshawar - Pakistan 
   
EVALUATION OF PLANTING METHODS FOR GRAIN YIELD  
AND YIELD COMPONENTS OF WHEAT 
 
Attaullah Khan
*
, Muhammad Arif
*
, Asad Shah
*
, Sajid Ali
**
,  
Zahira Hussain
***
 and Sajjad Khan
*
 
 
ABSTRACT 
The present experiment was conducted at Agricultural Research Farm, NWFP agricultural University Peshawar during 2004-05, 
to evaluate the effect of different planting methods on yield components of wheat, using randomized complete block design with 
four replications. Planting methods evaluated were: Line planting (20cm apart), Line planting (30cm apart), Cross planting, 
Broadcast planting, Single row on ridge, and Double row on single ridge. Line planted wheat 30cm apart produced significantly 
higher number of spikes m-2 (164), thousand grain weight (39.85g) and grain yield (5164 kg ha-1), while broadcast method 
produced least number of spike m-2 (104), number of grains spike-1(57), thousand grain weight (32.09 g) and grain yield (4088 kg 
ha-1). This study shows that line planting 30cm apart gives better results for grain yield of wheat than broadcast and other 
planting methods studied. 
 
INTRODUCTION 
Wheat is grown in Pakistan on more than 8 million 
ha. Despite the availability of high yielding varieties 
for different ecological zones, the average wheat 
grain yield in the country is around 2500 Kg ha
-1
. 
Lower wheat grain yield could be due to 
unavailability of pure seed of recommended varieties, 
delay in planting, inappropriate planting methods, 
imbalance use of fertilizers and inefficient water 
management. The selection of suitable planting 
method plays an important role in the placement of 
seed at proper depth, which ensures better emergence 
and subsequent crop growth.  
 
Planting method has a significant effect on water, 
nitrogen and phosphorus economy, energy savings 
and soil compaction (Trodson et al. 1989). 
Absorption of photosynthetically active radiations 
has also been found to be influenced by planting 
methods (Lal et al. 1991). Influence crop growth and 
development. Mishra and Tiwari (1999) have 
reported lower root weight in broadcast method as 
compared to non-conventional planting methods. 
Furthermore weed density is also higher in 
conventional planting methods as compared to the 
nontraditional methods e.g. cross planting. This 
makes a significant impact on final crop growth and 
thus on grain yield.  
 
Previous studies show that different planting methods 
have varying response under different experimental 
conditions. Hassan and Hassan (1994) have shown 
that wheat planted in furrows gives maximum 1000-
grain weight, straw yield and grain yield. Drilling in 
lines and cross planting was found to be the best at 
Johart, Assam during studies made by Gogoi and 
Kalita (1995). Shaalan et al. (1977) reported that the 
plant density, ears m
-2
, number of grains per ear, 
1000-grain weight and grain yield were higher in drill 
planted wheat than broadcasted wheat. Higher wheat 
grain yields with drill planting as compared to 
broadcast were also reported by Kipps (1970).  
Dawelbeitand and Babiker (1997) have reported 
maximum yield for seed drilling and ridging after 
broadcasting than broadcasting alone. Row Planting 
and placement of fertilizers in rows have shown 
maximum yield than broadcasting (Mishra and 
Tiwari, 1999). In Pakistan, wheat is planted through 
broadcasting on a large area after rice harvesting. 
This method not only requires higher seed rate but 
also results in lower plant population. Thus 
evaluation of improved planting methods is critical 
for subsequent recommendation. Thus present study 
was conducted to evaluate the effectiveness of 
different planting methods on grain yield and yield 
components of wheat. 
 
MATERIALS AND METHODS 
The experiment was conducted at Agricultural 
Research Farm NWFP agricultural University 
Peshawar during 2004-05, to evaluate the effect of 
different planting methods on grain yield and yield 
components of wheat. The experiment was laid out in 
randomized complete block design with four 
replications, using plot size of 3 x 4.5 m. All 
recommended agronomic practices were uniformly 
applied to all of the experimental units. Fertilizer 
dose of NPK at the rate of 135-55-00 Kg ha
-1
 was 
applied to all the plots.  
 
Attaullah Khan et al. Evaluation of planting methods…. 562 
Wheat cultivar Fakhr-e-sarhad was planted, at the 
rate of 100 Kg ha
-1
 seed rate, using following 
planting methods for evaluation: 
 
i. Line planting (20cm apart): planting in 
line with 20cm row to row distance 
ii. Line planting (20cm apart): planting in 
line with 20cm row to row distance 
iii. Cross planting: planting in lines from west 
to east and then from north to south in the 
same plot to be perpendicular to the first 
one.  
iv. Broadcast planting: planting the seeds as 
broadcast  
v. Single row on ridge: planting single row 
on ridge 
vi. Double row on single ridge: planting 
double rows on both sides of the ridge  
 
The data were statistically analyzed using analysis of 
variance appropriate for Randomized Complete 
Block design. Means were compared using LSD test 
at 0.05 level of probability when the F-value was 
significant (Steel and Torrie, 1984). 
 
RESULTS AND DISCUSSION 
Number of Spikes m
-2
 
Data regarding number of spikes m
-2
 are shown in 
Table 1. Analysis of the data revealed that planting 
methods significantly affected number of spikes m
-2
. 
Maximum number of spikes m
-2
 was produced by 
seed planted in 30cm apart lines (164) followed by 
double row on ridge (150), while minimum number 
of spike was produced by broadcast method of 
planting (104).  These results are in agreement with 
Shaalan et al. (1977) who reported more number of 
spikes m
-2 
 for drill planted wheat than broadcasted 
wheat. 
  
Number of Grains Spike
-1
 
Data on number of grains spike
-1
 are presented in 
Table I. Statistical analysis of the data showed that 
number of grains spike
-1
 was not significantly 
affected by different planting methods. However, 
maximum number of grains spike
-1 
was recorded in 
line planted 30 cm apart (61) followed by line planted 
20 cm apart and double row on ridge (60), while 
minimum number of grains were recorded in cross 
planted and single row on bridge (57). These results 
are in agreement with Shaalan et al. (1977) and 
Tanveer et al. (2003), who reported more number of 
grains spike
-1
 for improved planting method as 
compared to broadcasting.  This may be due to the 
effect of planting method on water, nitrogen and 
phosphorus economy, energy savings and soil 
compaction (Trodson et al, 1989). 
 
Thousand Grain Weight (g) 
Data regarding thousand grain weight are shown in 
Table. 1. Higher thousand grain weight was recorded 
in line planted 30cm apart (39.85g) followed by cross 
planted (37.30 g), while lower thousand grain was 
recorded for broadcast planting method (32.09 g). 
Our results are in line with previous results of Hassan 
and Hassan (1994) and Tanveer et. al. (2003) who 
reported smaller 1000-grains weight for broadcast 
planted wheat as compared to wheat planted with 
other planting methods. 
 
Grain Yield (kg ha
-1
) 
Data concerning grain yield are presented in Table 1 
and Fig. 1. Analysis of the data revealed that 
significant difference was noted for grain yield. 
Maximum grain yield was produced by line planted 
30 cm (5164 kg ha
-1
) followed by single row on ridge 
(4729 kg ha
-1
) whereas minimum grain yield was 
produced by broad cast planted wheat (4088 kg ha
-1
). 
Hassan and Hassan (1994) and tanveer et al. (2003) 
have also reported significant difference in grain 
yield for various planting methods. These results are 
in agreement with previous results of Mishra and 
Tiwari, 1999, who reported maximum yield for line 
planting than broadcasting. 
CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATIONS 
The present study shows that improved planting 
methods provide better results than the commonly 
used conventional planting method, broadcast 
method. Thus, line sowing is recommended for 
getting higher grain yields of wheat. 
 
 
Sarhad J. Agric. Vol. 23, No. 3, 2007  563 
 
0
1000
2000
3000
4000
5000
6000
Li
ne
 p
la
nt
ed
 2
0c
m
Li
ne
 p
la
nt
ed
 3
0c
m
 
cr
os
s 
pl
an
te
d
Br
oa
dc
as
t
Si
ng
le
 ro
w
 o
n 
rid
ge
D
ou
bl
e 
ro
w
 o
n 
rid
ge
k
g
 h
a
-1
Series1
 
Fig. 1 Effect of Different Planting Methods on Grain Yield of wheat. 
 
Table I: Effect of Planting Methods on number of spikes m
-2
, number of grains spike
-1
, thousand grain weight 
and grain yield of wheat. 
Planting method 
 
 
Number of Spike 
m -2 
Number of grains 
spike -2 
Thousand grains wt(g) Grains yield kg/ha 
Line planted 20cm 140 BC 60 34.21 BC 4255.   BC 
Line planted 
30cm 
164 A 61 39.85 A 5691.  A 
cross planted 141 BC 57 37.30 AB 4558.   BC 
Broad 
Cast planted 
104 D 57 32.09 C 4088.    C 
Single 
row on ridge 
133 C 58 34.42 BC 4729.   B 
Double row on 
ridge 
150 B 60 35.98 AB 4581.   BC 
 
LSD 
 
12.95 
 
ns 
 
3.877 
 
594.5 
 
REFERENCES 
Dawelbeit, M. I and E. A, Babiker.1997. Effect of tillage and 
method of planting on wheat yield in irrigated Vertisols 
of Rahad, Sudan. Soil and Tillage Res.42. (1-2):127-
132. 
 
Gogoi, A. K and H.  Kalita.1995. Effect of seeding method and 
herbicide on weeds, and growth and yield of wheat 
(Triticum aestivum). Indian-Journal –of –Agronomy. 
40(2): 209-211. 
 
Hassan, K. H and F. Hassan. 1994. Response of some wheat 
cultivars to planting methods under saline irrigation 
water. Annals-of-Agricultural-Science-Cairo. 39(1): 
167-176. 
 
Kipps, M.S., 1970. Production of field crops. 6th edn. McGraw 
Hill Book Co. New York. 
 
 
 
Lal, J., V.U.M, Rao and O. P, Bishnoi. 1991. Radiation climate of 
wheat crop as affected by method of planting. Haryana 
Agric. Univ. J. Res.21 (4): 280-286. 
 
Mishra, M. K. J and R. C, Tiwari. 1999. Effect of seeding methods 
and fertilizer application on weed biomass and yield of 
wheat (Triticum aestivum L.). Indian J. Agron. 44(2): 
353-356. 
 
Shaalan, M.I., M.S. CHaudhary and F.A. Sorour. 1997. the effect 
of tillage and planting methods on growth , weed 
population and grain yield of semi dwarf wheat 
(Tritcum aestivum). Libyan J. agric. 6:55-67. 
 
Tanveer, S.K., I. Husssain, M. Sohail, N.S. Kissana and S.G. 
Abbas. 2003. Effect of different planting methods on 
yield and yield components of wheat. Asian J. Plant 
Sci. 2(10): 811-813. 
 
Troedson, R. J., R. J, Law., K. F, Byth and G. L, Wiloon. 1989. 
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Field Crop Res. 21: 171-187.  


EVALUATION OF PLANTING METHODS FOR GRAIN YIELD AND YIELD COMPONENTS OF WHEAT

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EVALUATION OF PLANTING METHODS FOR GRAIN YIELD AND YIELD COMPONENTS OF WHEAT

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