The introduction of recombinant human erythropoietin (RHUEPO) has revolutionised the treatment strategies for patients suffering with anaemia of chronic renal disease and chronic heart failure. Clinical studies and several observational evidences have demonstrated that RHUEPO is also useful in various non-uraemic conditions including haematological and oncological disorders, prematurity, HIV infection and preoperative therapies. The successful treatment of all the anaemic related malfunctions with recombinant human erythropoietin (RHUEPO) has become a standard treatment tool for dialysis patients and as an interesting therapeutic option for several forms of non-renal anaemia. As a conesquence of both, RHUEPO has achieved the highest annual sales worldwide and the potential of it increases its scope in the future prospective also