ABSTRACT Non conventional energy based on photovoltaic system with storage energy battery is necessary to load requirement for supply to electric grid. Due to use of dc-ac convertor, the efficiency does not improve. The power conditioning is done by a dc-dc converter and a dc-ac inverter stages to produce the desired ac source. This is also done even when the load is of dc type, such as typical portable electronic devices that require ac adaptors to be powered from the ac mains. The aim of this project is to propose a hybrid PV-battery-powered dc bus system, that eliminates the dc-ac conversion stage, resulting in lower cost and improved overall energy conversion efficiency. A high-gain hybrid boost fly back converter is introduced with higher voltage conversion ratio than conventional boost convertor topology

Miss Bhagyashree

Mr Vinod Bhongade

N Pikalmunde

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Volume No 03, Special Issue No. 01, March 2015                                  ISSN (online): 2348 – 7550  
 
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THE DESIGN OF POWER DC BUS SYSTEM TO INCREASE 
THE SOLAR EFFICIENCY BY USING DC-DC CONVERTER 
 
1
Miss. Bhagyashree N. Pikalmunde, 
2
Mr. Vinod Bhongade 
 
1
 Dept. of Electrical Engineering, Gondwana University,R.C.E.R.T, Chandrapur, Maharashtra, (India)  
2
Associate Professor, Department of Electrical Engineering,R.C.E.R.T, Chandrapur,Maharashtra,(India) 
 
ABSTRACT 
 
Non conventional energy based on photovoltaic system with storage energy battery is necessary to load requirement 
for supply to electric grid. Due to use of dc-ac convertor, the efficiency does not improve. The power conditioning is 
done by a dc–dc converter and a dc–ac inverter stages to produce the desired ac source. This is also done even 
when the load is of dc type, such as typical portable electronic devices that require ac adaptors to be powered from  
the ac mains.  The aim of this project is to propose a hybrid PV-battery-powered dc bus system, that eliminates the 
dc–ac conversion stage, resulting in lower cost and improved overall energy conversion efficiency. A high-gain 
hybrid boost fly back converter is introduced with higher voltage conversion ratio than conventional boost 
convertor topology. 
 
Keywords: DC Bus System, Dc–Dc Converter, Hybrid Fly Back Boost Converter, Solar Cell, PV Power 
System. 
I. INTRODUCTION 
Recently, we know that due to population growth, Industrialization, and Increasing leaving of standard the electricity 
demand is sharply increase. To fulfill these demand conventional sources of energy contributes around 80% demand. 
The conventional sources are coal, petroleum, natural gas etc .As this sources are non renewable there is fear that 
they will get exhausted eventually in the next century .so ,predicting the future demand and future scenario of energy 
,it is mandatory to promote the renewable sources of energy ,as these sources has much potential. Solar energy is the 
most readily available and free source of energy, since prehistorically times. It is estimated that solar energy 
equivalent to over 15000 times the world annual commercial energy consumption reaches the earth every year. Solar 
energy stored in the form of dc. This dc energy is converted into ac as per our load requirement. But in ac fluctuation 
is more that results in poor efficiency and voltage instability.  To avoid and get maximum output, we concentrate in 
this paper mainly on dc to dc convertor. However, when a renewable energy source such as solar power is available 
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Volume No 03, Special Issue No. 01, March 2015                                  ISSN (online): 2348 – 7550  
 
494 | P a g e  
 
and since it is dc in nature. For that PV panel is required. The PV panel varying wattages available from a few watts 
to several hundred watts per panel. A DC load center for hooking up the batteries, and charge controller, and PV 
panels. Note that AC is not handled by your DC load center.  
 
1.1. Buck Converters (DC-DC) structure 
 
A buck converter (dc-dc) is shown in Fig. Only a switch is shown, for which a device as described earlier belonging 
to transistor family is used. Also a diode (termed as freewheeling) is used to allow the load current to flow through 
it, when the switch (i.e., a device) is turned off. The load is inductive (R-L) one. In some cases, a battery (or back 
emf) is connected in series with the load (inductive). Due to the load inductance, the load current must allowed path, 
which provided by diode. Otherwise, in absence of above diode, the high induced emf of the inductance, as load 
current tends to decrease, it may cause damage to switching device. If switching device used is thyristor, this circuit 
is called as a step-down chopper, as output voltage is normally lower than the input voltage. Similarly, this dc-dc 
converter is termed as buck one, due to reason given later one, due to reason given later.  
 
Fig .1: Buck Converters (DC-DC) 
 
II. AN OVERVIEW OF PROPOSED WORK 
 
A new approach to power generation using solar structure and DC-DC converter is presented. And which has higher 
efficiency and lower cost in compare to other methods of AC power generation. Initially, we investigate the effect of 
voltage on the efficiency of the system. And also calculate to the overall efficiency of the system. 
In this project, both hardware and software setups are used. The hardware setup consists of PV panel, DC-DC 
converter, comparator, DC Bus, microcontroller, relay. With the help of hardware setup observe the output voltage 
and also observation of efficiency. 
In the software setup, MATLAB software is used to understand the graphical nature of temperature by simulation. 
For that Embedded C programming is prefer to use. 
The following steps to make a module: 
1. The hardware and software setup are used. 
2.  Hardware setup consists of different components. 
3.  Observe the compares of voltage 
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4.  Observe efficiency of the system. 
 
III. HARDWARE REQUIREMENT 
 
 DC-DC Converter 
 Microcontroller IC 89c51  
 Comparator 
 PV panel with Battery 
 Relay 
 Digital Multi-meter 
 
3.1. DC-DC Converter 
 
DC-DC Convertor is an electronic circuit which converts a source of direct current (DC) from one voltage level to 
another. DC to DC converters are important in portable electronic devices such as cellular phones, laptops 
computers, which are the supplied with power from batteries primarily. Such electronic devices often contain the 
several sub-circuits, each with its own voltage level requirement different from that supplied by the battery or an 
external supply (sometimes higher or lower than the supply voltage). Additionally, the battery voltage declines as its 
stored power is drained. Switched DC-DC converters offer a method to increase voltage from a partially 
lowered battery voltage thereby saving space instead of using multiple batteries to accomplish the 
same thing. Most DC-DC converters also regulate the output voltage. Some exceptions include high-efficiency LED 
power sources. In that paper the DC-DC Converter supply electricity to the battery with is connected to the relay as 
well as Auxiliary supply. As shown in the fig. 
 
 
Fig. 2: Basic Structure of the System 
 
3.2. Microcontroller IC 89C51 
 
The microcontroller IC 89c51 receive signal from Amplifier LM324  in the form of one (1) at a set limit of 6volt dc 
from solar panel through LM324.If the panel generates t low signal than 6 volts then this LM324 gives zero(0) 
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Volume No 03, Special Issue No. 01, March 2015                                  ISSN (online): 2348 – 7550  
 
496 | P a g e  
 
signal to the microcontroller IC 89c51. The IC also used to control the relay device for switching purpose. It consists 
of crystal oscillator device this device to generate the trigger signals of 12MHz. 
 
 
Fig.3:Cristal Oscillater 
 
3.3. Comparator 
 
In this paper, two comparator amplifier IC LM324 is used .The comparator amplifier IC LM324 which finally goes 
to battery and the second amplifier IC LM324  gives signal from auxiliary supply to the battery .This two 
comparator compares’ the signals from solar and auxiliary supply and gives the output. 
 
 
 
Fig. 4: LM 324 
 
3.4. PV panel with Battery 
 
The Solar energy is the most readily available and free source of energy, since prehistorically times. Solar energy 
stored in the form of dc. This dc energy is converted into ac as per our load requirement. The solar panel receiving 
the sun rays and which generate 6volts dc which signals to provide amplifier. These amplifiers IC LM324 send the 
signal to the microcontroller. 
 
 
 
Fig. 5: Solar Panel 
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The solar energy is used to generate the electrical signal and this electrical energy stored in the battery”. 
 
3.5. Relay  
 
The Relay is used to reverse the supply to change the mode i.e. to switch form DC supply to the auxiliary supply. It 
is used for Domestic Appliances, Office Machines, Audio Equipment, Coffee-Pots, Control units, etc. Hear the relay 
is used to the purpose of activation of the switch. In this project the relay is used to control of the DC signals.  
 
          
                 
Fig. 6: Relay Circuit Diagram 
 
 
3.6. Digital Multimeter 
 
The digital millimeter reads the output from the battery .here the use of millimeter for to read the value of two 
signals one is from solar system and another is from auxiliary supply and compares both values with the help of tow 
comparator amplifiers IC LM324 and display the beneficial value of the system. 
 
IV. WORKING OF THE MODEL 
 
From block diagram it consists of different types of blocks like solar panel, comparators, microcontroller IC 89c51, 
relay, rectifier, DC-DC converter, battery. Firstly the solar panel receives sunlight to convert into electricity and 
these energy fed to the first comparator amplifier LM324.the comparator fed the signal to microcontroller IC 
89c51.the IC69c51 take signal from comparator amplifier and fed to the relay device in the form of 1 signal at a 
constant voltage 6v.During the operation relay connected to the DC-DC converter with battery & the load gives the 
constant energy from battery device. 
If the solar panel generates the less energy than 6v dc the first comparator fed the signal to microcontroller IC89c51 
in the form 0 signal. Then that  time relay will switch from DC-DC converter at the same  auxiliary supply is 
connected to the DC-Dc converter and this device stored the energy in the battery, finally this result compare 
through  two comparator amplifier with the help of digital multi-meter.  
 
 
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Fig .7: Block Diagram 
 
V. COMPARISM RESULT 
 
 
IRRADIANCE 
 
CURRENT 
 
VOLTAGE 
 
1000 
 
1 
 
16 
 
800 
 
1 
 
14 
 
600 
 
0.5 
 
10 
 
Fig. 8: Table 
 
VI. SIMULATION RESULTS 
 
Fig.9:  Due to high irradiance voltage increases 
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  (Irradiance = 1000, Voltage = 16v, Current =1amp) 
 
 
Fig.10:  Due to high irradiance voltage decreases 
 
(Irradiance = 800, Voltage = 14v, Current =1amp) 
 
 
Fig.11:  Due to high irradiance voltage decreases 
 
(Irradiance =600, Voltage = 10v, Current =0.5amp) 
 
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VII. RESULT 
 
From hardware result and mat lab simulation result we observed that the due to used of DC-DC converter and a 
hybrid PV-battery-powered dc bus system, that eliminates the dc–ac conversion stage, resulting in lower cost and 
improved overall energy conversion efficiency. 
 
VIII. CONCLUSION  
 
We conclude that, when the load is of dc type, such as typical portable electronic devices that require ac adaptors to 
be powered from the ac mains. The aim of project is to propose a hybrid PV-battery-powered dc bus system that 
eliminates the dc–ac conversion stage, resulting in lower cost, improved overall energy conversion efficiency. A 
high-gain hybrid boost–fly back converter is, also introduced with several times higher voltage in higher dc bus 
levels and lower cable conduction losses.  
 
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THE DESIGN OF POWER DC BUS SYSTEM TO INCREASE THE SOLAR EFFICIENCY BY USING DC-DC CONVERTER

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THE DESIGN OF POWER DC BUS SYSTEM TO INCREASE THE SOLAR EFFICIENCY BY USING DC-DC CONVERTER

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