Abstract-Due to limited energy supplies, reducing power consumption is an important goal in wireless sensor networks. Clustering techniques are used to reduce power consumption and prolong network lifetime in many existing research efforts, among which grid-based ones are often used due to their simplicity and scalability. However, most existing work uses average distance as a simplification in calculating distance-related power consumption, which leads to a large underestimation of the actual energy depletion rate. In this paper, we propose an energy optimization model based on probabilistic distance distributions, which captures the distance-induced power consumption with high accuracy. We further analyze the uneven traffic distribution in wireless sensor networks and propose a nonuniform griding scheme to balance the energy depletion in all grids. Through our analysis, we are able to obtain the optimal grid size ratio that minimizes the energy consumption. Analytical results are validated through simulation, which shows the promising potentials of our method and the nonuniform griding technique
