ABSTRACT This experiment was conducted to study the effects of probiotic (P) and organic acid (OA) on performance and some organs in broiler chicks. Seventy two 1-d-old (male and females) broiler chicks (Ross PM) consisted of 4 groups (Control, 02 % Probiotic (Saccharomyces cerevisiae), 04 % OA and 02 % P + 04 % OA, each of which had 25 chicks. The analysis of the data indicated that no significant effect between the groups was found in body weight, feed intake, hot carcass, gizzard, liver and large intestine weight, but a significant difference in small intestine weight was observed (P&lt;0.001). According to the results of this study, it was found that the provision of mentioned probiotic or organic acids to the diet of broiler throughout 42 days had no effect on performance

K Çelik

Mine Mutluay

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Archiva Zootechnica vol. 10, 2007 51
Effects of probiotic and organic acid on performance and 
organ weights in broiler chicks
K. Çelik
1
, Mine Mutluay
1 2
1
 Çanakkale Onsekiz Mart University, Animal Science Department.
2
 Çanakkale Onsekiz Mart University Biga High School
ABSTRACT
This experiment was conducted to study the effects of probiotic (P) and 
organic acid (OA) on performance and some organs in broiler chicks. Seventy 
two 1-d-old (male and females) broiler chicks (Ross PM) consisted of 4 groups 
(Control, 02 % Probiotic (Saccharomyces cerevisiae), 04 % OA and 02 % P + 
04 % OA, each of which had 25 chicks. The analysis of the data indicated that 
no significant effect between the groups was found in body weight, feed intake, 
hot carcass, gizzard, liver and large intestine weight, but a significant difference 
in small intestine weight was observed (P<0.001). According to the results of 
this study, it was found that the provision of mentioned probiotic or organic 
acids to the diet of broiler throughout 42 days had no effect on performance.
Keywords: Chicken, probiotic, organic acid, organ weight, performance
INTRODUCTION
Antibiotics have been used to protect the animal health and to improve
growth for many years. Aim of using antibiotics in feed sector was to get 
advantage from feeding and increasing protection against some diseases, toxins, 
and making better the absorption of nutrients in intestines. Confidence has 
diminished about antibiotics used for improving performance and reducing
stress factors because of the risk development of bioresistance against bacteria 
in human. Consumers are being sensible about this matter. New regulation 
therefore taking into account public health restricts to use of antibiotics as a 
feed and foodstuff supplement Turkey, especially after EU decisions has 
restricted the use of antibiotics in feed-foodstuff supplement though regulation 
from the 
Currently, probiotics and 
the organic acids seem the most interesting alternative supplement in regard of 
minimizing economic loses.
Probiotics effect can affect the microbial stabilization in gastrointestinal 
system like antibiotics. The organic acids might work as stimulant of the 
immune system and prevent natural residents, pathogenic microorganisms. 
(Streptococcus, Enterobacteria Clostridia, etc.). Probiotics and organic acids 
Çelik et al.52
might modify the microflora which can be at the origin of some gastrointestinal 
sickness or favor the healthy intestine microflora (Conway and Wang 1997, 
Choct 2001). On the other hand supply of probiotics to the feedstuffs carried out
to erase fluctuation under stress circumstances, to renew intestinal system and to 
favor growth of the animals. Therefore, the objectives of the present study were 
to investigate the performance and organ weights of broilers supplemented with
some probiotics and organic acids as alternative of antibiotics. 
MATERIAL AND METHODS
Seventy two 1-d-old (male and females) broiler chicks (Ross PM) of 
commercial strain were individually weighed and distributed randomly into 4 
groups (1 control and 3 treatments), each group has 18, using two days chicks 
live weight average. Environment was warm up by electrical heater at 30 
ο
C for
the first 2 days then reduced progressively to be 22 
ο
C at day 10. Room was 
lightened. Broiler chicks were fed from day 1 to 28 day with starter diet “ad 
libitum”. Control group was feed on neither basic food without probiotics (P) 
nor organic acid (OA), treatment group were fed with feed supplemented with
probiotics and organic acid. (Supplemented Biotronic SE Forte-OA, Probiotic 2 
% + Organic Acid 4 %) till end of the experiment.
Table 1. Composition in organic acid of the additive (Biotronic SE Forte) (%)
Formic Acid 17.4
Ammonium Format 14.1
Propionic Acid 12.4
Ammonium Propionate 8.4
Filling Materials 47.7
Table 2. Composition of the experimental diet (%)
Groups            Starter Finisher
Corn 550 655
Sunflower Meal
3       
47 35
Soybean Meal
1
281 255
Fish Meal 
2
55 -
Sunflower Oil 
4    
40 40
DCP                          12 5
Ground limestone     10 5
DL-Methionine 1.5 1.5
Vitamin mix 2.5 2.5
Mineral mix 1.0 1.0
Composition
ME, kcal/kg 3077 3187
Protein, % 22.02 17.9
1
 Containing 44 % crude protein 
2
 Containing 65 % crude protein 
3
 Containing 37 % crude protein
4-
Containing 8800 ME, kcal/kg
Archiva Zootechnica vol. 10, 2007 53
Body weight and feed consumptions were measured per group and 
individually every week, to evaluate changes in feed intake and live weight. 
Weights of small intestine (full-empty), gizzard (Pars muscularis) and liver 
were measured at slaughter day 43.
Statistics Analyses
Live weight were analyzed using Variance Analysis in Repeated 
Measurement Design-RMD Feed intake, fresh carcass, gizzard (full-empty), 
liver, large intestine, small intestine measurements were evaluated according to 
one way Variance Analysis using SPSS Statistic Package Program.
RESULTS AND DISCUSSION
The effects of probiotics (P) and organic acid (OA) on broiler performance 
(BW, FI, Carcass and organs weights) are shown in Tables 3 and 4.
Table 3.The Effects of P and OA on body weight in broiler chicks
Groups
Control P (Sc) OA P+OA
Weeks X ± Sx X ± Sx X ± Sx X ± Sx
1 88 ± 3 87 ± 3 88 ± 3 88 ± 3
2 192 ± 9 181 ± 7 1760 ± 8 178 ± 7
3 373 ± 14 376 ± 13 384 ± 12 386 ± 13
4 665 ± 16 664 ± 19 685 ± 19 681 ± 23
5 1101 ± 26 1101 ± 23 1146 ± 31 1155 ± 38
6 1570 ± 34 1553 ± 27 1641 ± 37 1576 ± 48
7 1903 ± 40 1933 ± 36 2039 ± 63 2014 ± 64
Heaviest BW tends to be observed in the group supplemented with organic 
acid at age of slaughter. (Table 3). The BW changes were not however 
statistically significant but, of course, the differences due to age are significant 
(P<0.001). Interaction between age (P =0.205) and treatment (P=0.424) were 
not statistically significant.
Table 4. Feed intake of broiler chicks during the experiment.
Groups
Control P (Sc) OA P+OA
Weeks X ± Sx X ± Sx X ± Sx X ± Sx
1 219 ± 7 214 ±12 207 ± 9 197 ± 8
2 404 ± 11 441±18 428 ± 14 423 ± 13
3 905 ± 15 944± 25 958 ± 18 938 ± 20
4 1658 ± 24 1717 ±27 1752 ± 30 1692 ± 38
5 2409 ± 33 2452 ± 45 2574 ± 48 2381 ± 54
6 3174 ± 39 3208 ± 63 33888 ± 59 3194 ± 61
Çelik et al.54
Feed intake tends to be higher in the group fed on the organic acid but the 
differences do not reach statistical significance (Table 4). Age affect was major 
(P<0,001). Interaction between age and treatment were not significant
(P=0,361) neither the treatment effect (P=0,233). Hot carcass tends to be 
heavier in the group fed OA but was not significant as observed for BW and FI. 
Similarly, the slight increases in fresh carcass, gizzards filled weights were not 
statistically significant). However, emptied gizzard weight reach statistical 
significance (P<0,001). Liver weights, large intestine and small intestine tend to 
be slightly increased in chicks fed P + OA).
Today there is a lot of commercial publication dealing with the supplying 
of probiotics and organic acids to replace the absence of antibiotics banned from
the feedstuffs. Some of studies show that probiotics do not success to stop 
diarrhea, speed up the growth, and stabilize the balance between lactic acid 
bacteria and pathogenic bacteria in small intestines. Lots of studies point out 
that Lactobacilluses influences the growth of as there is about 450 kinds of 
bacteria. (Nir and Probiotics added to feeds for 0-42 days in
broiler chicks has no effects on live weight in some studies (Panda et al., 2000). 
Other studies observed positive probiotic effects under stress conditions mostly. 
Contradiction amongst results suggest to some 
Tuncer 2001, Brzoska et al.,1999, Richter et al.,1999, Jin et al., 2000) that the 
more probiotics are supplied the more gain in live weight is observed. Our study 
agree with literature showing expressing no effects on FI when supplying the 
nd Hadorn 
1999, Panda et al., 2000, Ergün et al., 2000, Albuz and Ceylan 2001). The 
supply of probiotic + organic acid to feeds increased small intestine weight. But
shows that probiotics in feeds make lighter intestine weight
(formic, asetic, propionic, etc.) to the bacteria with not adequately dissociate 
acid molecules in environment. 
CONCLUSION
The findings from this experiment indicated that the supply of probiotic 
and organic acid to broiler chicks feeds for 42 days have limited effect on chick
performance. The study is realized with minimum stress and maximum hygienic
conditions, and it would get more positive results under similar circumstances 
in practical conditions.
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Effects of probiotic and organic acid on performance and organ weights in broiler chicks

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Effects of probiotic and organic acid on performance and organ weights in broiler chicks

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