The impact of a drop onto a deep bath of an immiscible liquid is studied with emphasis on the drop fragmentation into a collection of noncoalescing daughter drops. At impact the drop flattens and spreads at the surface of the crater it transiently opens in the bath and reaches a maximum deformation, which gets larger with increasing impact velocity, before surface tension drives its recession. This recession can promote the fragmentation by two different mechanisms: At moderate impact velocity, the drop recession converges to the axis of symmetry to form a jet which then fragments by a Plateau-Rayleigh mechanism. At higher velocity the edge of the receding drop destabilizes and shapes into radial ligaments which subsequently fragment. For this latter mechanism the number N / We 3 and the size distribution of the daughter drops pðdÞ / d À4 as a function of the impact Weber number We are explained on the basis of the observed spreading of the drop. The universality of this model for the fragmentation of receding liquid sheets might be relevant for other configurations. DOI: 10.1103/PhysRevLett.110.264503 PACS numbers: 47.20.Ma, 47.20.Ky, 47.55.DÀ, 47.55.nb A drop impacting onto a deep liquid bath is well known to transiently open a crater in the bath and possibly eject a liquid sheet and a jet. Since Worthington's drawings and photographs more than a century ago [1,2], much attention has been paid to the impact with identical or miscible drop and bath liquids. Although the long term state itself, the coalescence of the drop, was not an issue, the description of the transient structures Our experiment consists of a water drop (with density and surface tensio
