Enhancement Mulberroside A Production in Morus alba L. Cell Cultures by Calcium Alginate Immobilization and Elicitation

Abstract

Abstract Introduction: Mulberroside A is a major stilbene glycoside in root bark extract of Morus alba L. (Moraceae). This compound has been used commercially as an active ingredient in whitening cosmetics due to its anti-tyrosinase and anti-oxidant activities. To enhance mulberroside A production, this study aimed to investigate effect of immobilization and elicitation on accumulation of mulberroside A in cell cultures of M. alba. Methods: M. alba cell cultures were immobilized in calcium alginate beads and cultivated in Murashige and Skoog (MS) liquid medium containing 0.1 mg/L thidiazuron and 1 mg/L napthalene acetic acid. Then, culture beads were elicited with methyl jasmonate and yeast extract and observed mulberroside A accumulation at 24, 48 and 72 hr after elicitation. Results: Cell immobiliz ation in calcium alginate enhanced the production of mulberroside A over control (un-immobilization) by 1.4-fold in 40 days and 9.4-fold in 120 days. Addition of 50 mg/mL yeast extract and 50 μM methyl jasmonate in 40 days, M. alba cell immobilized cultures resulted in greatest mulberroside A accumul ation by yielded 32.74 mg/g DW which is 2.4-and 1.9-fold higher than control and immobilized cells, respectively. In all conditions, more than 60% of total mulberroside A production was released into culture medium. Conclusion: The results may indicate that immobilization slowed the growth rate and stimulated mulberroside A release of M. alba cell cultures. Moreover, the combination between immobilization and elicitation showed a synergistic effect to enhance the production of mulberroside A