Today the medical world is posed with complex chalolenges. Thus time demands an integrated and pluralistic approach towards healthcare to cope effectively with this situation. There has been an growing interest in Ayurveda in the past few years. To initiate fruitful dialogues between Ayurveda and modern science, an in-depth understanding of both the systems becomes an essential prerequisite. Such an exercise should emerge from a standpoint accepting that there are different world views existing in the world, Ayurveda being one among them. This may sound quite contrary to the common belief that the science is only one as expressed in modern scientific paradigm. Both Modern science and Ayurveda have universal attributes and share the common objective of well-being of mankind. But they are quite different in their philosophical and epistemological foundations, conceptual framework and practical outlook. So, let us see what are the fundamental differences between Sastra(Ayurveda) and the Modern science