The purpose of this study was to examine causal relationships between three aspects of children\u27s anger (emotion, cognition, and behavioral expression), using two-wave panel design. Responses of 543 students (198 from elementary schools and 345 from junior high schools) at two time points to the Japanese version of the Multidimensional School Anger Inventory were analyzed. Results of structural equation modeling indicated differences in causal relationships between anger aspects, based on gender and age level. In elementary schoolboys, prior "positiv ecoping" predicted later decrease of "anger experience." In elementary schoolgirls, prior "destructive expression" predicted later increase of "anger experience", and prior "anger experience" predicted later decrease of "positivecoping." There was also a simultaneous negative influence of "hostility" on "positivecoping." In junior high schoolboys, prior "destructive expression" predicted later "anger experience" and "hostility." Moreover, "positive coping" simultaneously influenced "destructive expression." In junior high schoolgirls, there was a cross-lagged negative reciprocal causal relationship between "hostility" and "positive coping" as well as a simultaneous causal relationship from "hostility" to "anger experience." Although these differences based on children\u27s gender and age level, suggested in this study, need to be further addressed in future studies, they could provide useful information for designing prevention and intervention plans
