Empirical research has demonstrated differences between religiosity and spirituality; the current study further clarifies the constructs by exploring their respective divergent and convergent validities in relation to two higher-order factors of the Big Five personality variables, traditionalism and transformation. The current study examines the relationships among personality, spirituality, religiosity and mysticism. Predictions were partially supported. Participants high on traditionalism and low on transformation scored higher in extrinsic religious orientation compared to those low on traditionalism and high on transformation. Participants low on traditionalism and high on transformation did not score higher on spirituality compared to those high on traditionalism and low on transformation. Participants high on intrinsic religious motivation and low on extrinsic motivation were more spiritual than those low on intrinsic motivation and high on extrinsic; and, participants high on spirituality and low on religiosity reported more mystical experiences than those low on spirituality and high on religiosity
