Hifni, Hartini Ramlan

Horino, Osamu

Suparyono, Suparyono

English

Ilmu Pertanian (Agricultural Science)

rssN 01.26 * 4214ILMU PERTANIAN@sricttlturol Scien ce)Jitid(Volume IIINomor 5Number 5Desember 1982December l9E2)ISI:(Contents)Suparynno; [Iartini Ramlan flifni and Osamu HorinoThe Bacterial pathotype group which attacks the IR 20 group variety . . . . .SismadiPengaruh jumlah daun bibit saat tanam rerhadap pertumbuhan tanaman tern-bakau Vorstenlands (The influence of number of leaves of tobacco seedlingsat tranplanting on plant growth of the Vorstenlands tobacco)Catatan singkat (Short Notes)G. PanggabeanKadar vitamin C beberapa jenis buah citrus yang berasal dari Indonesia (TheVitaminCcontentofcitruswithreferencetoIndonesia).JulonoThe Application of Rhizobium-inoculant on soybean in Indonesia . . . .Jean Paul Malingreaucomments on "Pemairan dan pemetaan tanah serta pengharkatan lah:.ndaerah transmigrasi" by Tejoyuwono NotohadiprawiroSrnpllmartl ofrAcutTY 0F AGnlCULrltfir H$n.AnY&Edjrh Mnda tjtrivrrsi{yHalaman(Fage)195203i23249Y f rkar ls -.- i;r,l;:r a ji{r''Ia195tTHE BACTERIAL PATHOTYPE GROUP WHICH ATTACKStHE IR 20 GROUP VARIETY *)Suparyono**), Hartini Ramlan Hifni***) and Osamu Horino 'r***)AbstractBacterial Leaf Blight, caused by Xanthomonos campestris pv. oryzae (former name, Xonthomonas oryzoe(U & I) Dowson is one of the most important rice diseases in Indonesia.To study the pathotype changes of this pathogen, forty six isolates were evaluated for their virulence on ten dif-ferential varieties. These ten varieties were Kinmaze (no gene for resistance), Kogyoku (Xa-I, Xa-kg), Tetep (Xa-1,Xa-2), Wase Aikoku 3(Xa-3), Java 14 (Xa-1, Xa-3, Xa - kg), IR8 (?), IR.20 (Xa-4), IR 1545 (xa-5), DV85 (xa-5,Xa-7) and Cas 209 (?). The well developed leaf blade of each tiller was inoculated in the central portion by the needleprick method. Lesion development were scored at two to three weeks after inoculation, and the isolates were gradedinto group of virulence in accordance to standard proposed by Ezuka and Horino.Results indicated that 80 percent of the isolates collected in 1980 belong to group III. This group of isolatespredominantll infected IR20. The IR36 belongs to this group of variety.RingkasanPen;-akit bakteri busuk daun padi, yang disebabkan oleh Xanthomonos compestris py. oryzae (nama sebelum-n.ta Xanthomonos or)'zoe (U & I) Dowson) merupakan salah satu penyakit yang sangat penting di Indonesia.Untuk mengetahui perubahan-perubahan patotipe penyebab penyakit ini, 46 isolat X. campestris pv. oryzoetelah diuji virulensinl'a pada sepuluh varietas differensial.Varietas-varietas tersebut adalah Kinmaze (tanpa gentahan), Kogyoku (Xa-l, Xa-kg), Tetep (Xa-1, Xa-2), WaseAikoku 3(Xa-3), Java 14(Xa-1, Xa-3, Xa-Kg) IR8 (?), IR20 (Xa-4), IRl545 (xa-5), DV85 (xa-5, Xa-7), dan Cas 209(?). Daun-daun yang telah berkembang baik diinokulasi dengan metode needle prick. Perkembangan penyakitdiamati pada dua sampai tiga minggu setelah inokulasi. Klasifikasi grup bakteri berdasar virulensinya dilakukanmenurut standard Ezuka dan Horino.IntroductionBacterial Leaf Blight (BLB) of rice caused by Xanthomonos compeslrui pv oryzoe(former name Xanthomonas oryzae (U. & I.) Dowson) is one or the important ricediseases in Indonesia.Since 1978 the disease has been increasingly important because some previousresistant varieties which are also known as to be resistant to the brown planthopper(Nilapqrvato lugens Stal) were found being severely damaged by the bacterium (Tablel). Evidently the disease was widely distributed throughout Java, especially WestJava.**) Pupt'presentedatthevlthCongresofrhelndonesianphytopathologicalsociety,padang,Mayll-l3,l9gl-r-] at'it''n' Plrnt Pathologist at The Sukamandi Research Institute For Food crops, sukamandi, Indonesia.---;; ::tot':te.Plant Pathologist at The Bogor Research Institute For Food Crops, Bogor, Indonesia., ptanr parhologisl, Hokuriku National Agricultural Station, Japan.Ilmu Pert. (Agric. Sci.) 3(5) 1982."'196Control of the disease by chemicals was proved to be neither effective noreconomically feasible (Anonymous, 1979). Breeding program were initiated at IRRI,and nationally at Sukamandi Research Institute for Food Crops to counter thedisease. The two resistant varieties developed at IRRI, i.e. IR30 and [R36, posses onedominant gene controling resistance to BLB. The source of gene for resistant of somebrown planthopper resistant varieties is shown in table 2. IR 30 and IR 36 receivedtheir resistance from TKM6 and IRl56l-228, respectively'For the purpose of the breeding program' a study to gather informations of X'campestris pv. oryzoe regarding the pathotype group and the appropriate isolate to in-oculate breeding materials was initiated.Material and Methods.The hacterium isolates usedForty six isolates of X. compestris pv. oryzae were collected from various parts ofJava in tiSO. Ttrese isolates were cultured on Wakimoto medium and incubated at 25- 28"C.InoculationsInoculations were conducted using the two days old cultures of X. carnpestris pv.oryzae. The cultures were suspended in distilled water with a concentration of 108 -l0e cells/ml apd inoculated on the central portion of the well-developed leaf blade bypin prick methods" Five to seven leaves from each tillers were inoculated when theptunit were approximately two months old. Lesion developments were scored at twothree weeks after inoculaiions, and the isolates were graded into group of virulence inaccordance to standard proposed by Ezuka and Horino (personal communication)'Result and discussionThe reaction of the IRRI differential varieties varried greatly, thereforeclassification of the isolates into group of virulence was based on their reaction toPreparation of differential varietiesTen differential varieties consisting of five Japanese and five IRRI varieties wereused. They were Kinmaze (no gene for resistance), Kogyoku (Xa-l, Xa-kg), Tetep(Xa-1, xa-2), wase Aikoku 3(Xa-3), Java 14(Xa-1, Xa-3, Xa-kg), IR8 (?), IR20 (Xa-+;, tRtS+S (xa-5), DV85 (xa-5, Xa-7) and Cas 2A9 Q). The experiment was conductedin the green house. Seeds were soaked in water for 48 hours, and were seeded in theseed box. Forteen days old seedlings were transplanted into pots of l7 cm in diametercontaining field soils, three hills per pot. They were supplied with an excess amount ofurea (67 g per Pot)'FI\\197Japanese differential varieties. The data of this experiment were summarrzed in table3. It appears that 80 percent of the isolates isolated in 1980 belong to group III (Fig.2). This group of isolates predominantly infected IR20 which has one dominant genefor resistance, Xa-4, derived from TKM6. The IR36 also belong to this group.Field observation conducted in the 1979/1980 wet season crop by Dr. T.W. Mew(Plant Pathologist, [RRI., P.O. Box 933 Manila, Philippines), Dr. Osamu Horino(Plant Pthologist, Hokuriku National Agricultural Experiment Station, Japan) andSuparyono (Assistant Plant Pathologist, Sukamandi Research Insitute for FoodCrop, Sukamandi, Indonesia) and in the 1980/1981 wet season crop by Dr. O. Horinoand Suparyono in some parts of West Java, revealed that [R36 was the most commonvarieties planted by farmers and that it was severely infected by this bacterium (Table3 and 4). On the other hand Pelita I-1, Cisadane and GHl47 showed field resistant tothis pathogen. In the green house DV85, IRl545, Java 14 and Wase Aikoku 3 wereresistant to most of the isolates tested. These evidence indicated that in the near futurethose varieties mentioned above can be incorporated as resistance sources in breedingfor resistance to BLB.Conclusionl. Eighty percent isolates of X. campestris pv. oryzae isolated in 1980 belong to groupIII. This group infected IR36 which is belong to the tR20 group of variety.2. In order to develop varieties resistant to this pathogen some sources of resistance,i.e. Pelita I-1, Cisadane, GHl47, DV85, IRl545, Javalf and Wase Aikoku can beincorporated in the breeding program.3. Further studies are needed to prevent BLB incidence through :a. Collection and identification of pathotype of X. Campestris pv. oryzoe thatare dominant in a particular season and location.b. Identification of sources of resistance of Pelita I-1, Cisadane and GHl47 andfrom germplasm collectionc. Incorporation of several resistant genes (may be recessive and dominant) intoone variety in order to develop field resistant varieties to BLB.Literature citedl. Anonymous (1979) Rice diseases in North snd Eastern India, Nepal and Banglo'desh (with focus on bocterial leqf blisht) A Report of an IRTP MonitoringTour. IRRI, Manila.2. Suparyono; Ardi Suardi and Taryat Cubaryat (1978) Rice bacterial leaf bliqht(Xanthomonas oryzoe) in Java.Paper presented at Kongres Nasional ke V Perhimpunan Fitopatologi Indo-' nesia (PFI), Malang, 1979.lI-rl,'- \ili.rl(iilrll;jt!+tr'r:dF{'r:i!l.lE]qlint:1"J' r,lnlt(),l)n{.vifl.1tlii:l,IJ;j{t:l:{1:l)l!iili(dtuk.ooEAJotq6o&r>r .Y(l)!ZU=aAr)ilil6)q|€)Eq)jcejEGIe)&q)aq)60\f.lt),{}il,r!-,.f,r i,t-)r.l.t',itrl::"lrjl(_,ffi'ti')fr't)t.t1980VItIr{::'r".l:l+i++'|.+ +*{o;t'".. If:..i .-t(")lYvFigure 2.The reactions of Bacterial Group III to five differentiel rice varieties.ln$$d$,$$$.'t-{$$i$iitI:IiIiIiIIi,itI1jlrl1Iiitt!$s&xNsiltii.\ii!trri$rx;F.;1{lriii$i,rN.s:::r'$p;ff:ri:r lf.I,;.:,.:l.}o-:r.rild:l',._.,r....ffil$i&?<{.,' F.ffi$lttt.{&lnl.lJLJ:fi!+r.I*:$iffi],*f,\;Jq).*dLti',h(,${e,d,&$r\2NToble t. Bacterial Leaf Btight on Some Brown Planthopper Resistant Varieties inJava, March, 1978. ILocationProvince/KReqencyDegree ofdamagel)Varieties 0therWest JavaSukamandiCirebonPrupukMagelangBoyolaliSragenEest JavaSevereSevereSevereSevereSevereSevereIR3OIR3OCentral JavaTegal SeverePurwokerto SeverePekalongan SevereSheath blightSheath blightIR3OIR32IR3OLocalIR3OLocalIR.34LocalIR26IR3OIR3ONonel)D.gt..ofdamage;severe - score8-gonthescaleof0-9,whereO = Randg: susceptibleTable 2. Gene Source of Resistance of Some Brown Planthopper Resistant YarietiesTo Bacterial Leaf Blight (Xanthomonos campestris pv. oryzoe)Yariety Crosses Gene sourceIR26IR28IR3OIR32IR34IR36IR38Pelita I-lIR24/TKM6Peta3/TN-I/ / Gampai | 4 / 4 / lFt9 / T adukan / /TKM2/TN-I/ / rR24 / o.niv aralR24 /T KM6 / / / lR2O4 / O. niv araIR2d/O.niva ra/ /CR94 - 13IR833-6///IRl 561 - 14911R242 /O. nivaraIRl56l - 228 - | - 2/ /1R244/O.nivara/ / /CR94-13IR20/O. nivara/ /CR94-13PB5,/SynthaTKM6TKM6TKM6, IR2OIR20rRl56lIRt56lIR2OSynthaBreeding Departmentin Suparyono et al., 1978Source20tTable 3. General Diseases on IR36 and other Rice Varieties in Areas of West JavaVisited During The 1979/19E0 Wet Season.Variety DiseasesBekasiSukamandiPusakanegaraCirebonKuningan areasCiamis areasCianjurLocal varIR36Pelita I-lIR36IR39IR29IR36Local var.Pelita I-lIR36IR38Local varBLB, severeBLB, severeBLB, severeBLB, severeleaf scald, highBLB, severeleaf scald, highBLB, severeBLB, severeBLB, lowBLB, severeBLB, LowBLB, severeBLB, severeBLB, severeBLB, lowBLB, lowBLB, lowCLS, severeBLB, severeIR36LocalityIR36IR36IR38SemeruSevere : score 8 - 9 on the scale of 0- 9, where 0 : R and 9 : susceptible. --L

The Bacterial Pathotype Group Which Attacks The IR 20 Group Variety

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The Bacterial Pathotype Group Which Attacks The IR 20 Group Variety

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