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    ๋ฏผ๊ฐ„ํˆฌ์ž์‚ฌ์—…์˜ ํˆฌ์ž์žฌ์› ๋‹ค์–‘ํ™”๋ฐฉ์•ˆ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ(A Study on diversification of financing method for PPI projects)

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    ๋…ธํŠธ : ์ด ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋ณด๊ณ ์„œ์˜ ๋‚ด์šฉ์€ ๊ตญํ† ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์›์˜ ์ž์ฒด ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋ฌผ๋กœ์„œ ์ •๋ถ€์˜ ์ •์ฑ…์ด๋‚˜ ๊ฒฌํ•ด์™€๋Š” ์ƒ๊ด€์—†์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค

    ์ •๋ถ€์ง€์› ์ฃผํƒ์ž๊ธˆ ๋Œ€์ถœ์˜ ์ •์ฑ… ํšจ๊ณผ์„ฑ ํ‰๊ฐ€

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    ํ•™์œ„๋…ผ๋ฌธ(์„์‚ฌ)--์„œ์šธ๋Œ€ํ•™๊ต ๋Œ€ํ•™์› :ํ–‰์ •๋Œ€ํ•™์› ํ–‰์ •ํ•™๊ณผ(์ •์ฑ…ํ•™์ „๊ณต),2019. 8. ๊น€์ค€๊ธฐ.The purpose of this study is to evaluate the policy effectiveness of the government - funded housing loan, which is one of the consumer - centered housing support policies of the government. The housing problem has long been regarded as one of the problems that must be solved. In addition, due to the widening income polarization, the burden of the housing cost of the common people is getting bigger. The housing supply rate is already 101.9% in 2018 and need for consumer-centered housing policy became even higher. In addition, since the scope of the government funded housing loan is broader than the housing benefit, this study focuses on the government funded housing loan. ย ย  This study examined the relationship between the government - sponsored housing loan policy and housing satisfaction based on 2017 Korea Housing Survey micro data and 2008 ~ 2017 National Survey of Tax and Benefit. 2017 Korea Housing Survey has the advantage that the residential data is more abundant than 2008 ~ 2017 National Survey of Tax and Benefit, but it has a disadvantage that the time series trend can not be known. Therefore, we tried to use microdata of 2017 Korea Housing Survey and 2008 ~ 2017 National Survey of Tax and Benefit together. Multiple regression analysis and fixed- effects panel regression analysis were conducted for 2017 Korea Housing Survey and the data of 2008 ~ 2017 National Survey of Tax and Benefit. The results of this study are as follows: First, regional, household income, residential area, type of occupation, occupancy type and existence of government funded housing loan have a statistically significant effect on residential satisfaction. The results of the 2017 Korea Housing Survey and 2008 ~ 2017 National Survey of Tax and Benefit showed that the government funded housing loans affect to the housing satisfaction indirectly through occupancy type, residential area, the household expenditure and the residence of the apartment. In other words, the government-funded housing loan is meaningful to increase the satisfaction of the residents by acting as a medium that enables the house buyer to own a wider apartment.๋ณธ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋Š” ์ •๋ถ€์˜ ์ˆ˜์š”์ž ์ค‘์‹ฌ ์ฃผ๊ฑฐ ์ง€์› ์ •์ฑ… ์ค‘ ํ•˜๋‚˜์ธ ์ •๋ถ€์ง€์› ์ฃผํƒ์ž๊ธˆ ๋Œ€์ถœ์˜ ์ •์ฑ… ํšจ๊ณผ์„ฑ์„ ํ‰๊ฐ€ํ•˜๊ณ ์ž ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ์ฃผ๊ฑฐ ๋ฌธ์ œ๋Š” ์˜ค๋žซ๋™์•ˆ ์—ญ๋Œ€ ์ •๋ถ€์—์„œ ๋ฐ˜๋“œ์‹œ ํ•ด๊ฒฐํ•ด์•ผ ํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฌธ์ œ ์ค‘ ํ•˜๋‚˜๋กœ ๊ผฝํ˜€ ์™”๋‹ค. ๊ฒŒ๋‹ค๊ฐ€ ์†Œ๋“ ์–‘๊ทนํ™”์˜ ์‹ฌํ™”๋กœ ์ธํ•˜์—ฌ ์„œ๋ฏผ๋“ค์˜ ์ฃผ๊ฑฐ๋น„ ๋ถ€๋‹ด์ด ์ปค์ ธ๊ฐ€๊ณ  ์ฃผํƒ๋ณด๊ธ‰๋ฅ ์€ 2018๋…„ 101.9%๋ฅผ ๊ธฐ๋กํ•˜๋ฉด์„œ ๊ณต๊ณต์ž„๋Œ€์ฃผํƒ ๊ณต๊ธ‰ ๋“ฑ ๊ณต๊ธ‰ ์œ„์ฃผ์˜ ์ฃผ๊ฑฐ ์ง€์› ์ •์ฑ…๋ณด๋‹ค๋Š” ์ฃผ๊ฑฐ๊ธ‰์—ฌ, ์ •๋ถ€์ง€์› ์ฃผํƒ์ž๊ธˆ ๋Œ€์ถœ ๋“ฑ ์ˆ˜์š” ์œ„์ฃผ์˜ ์ฃผ๊ฑฐ ์ง€์› ์ •์ฑ…์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ํ•„์š”์„ฑ์ด ๋” ๋†’์•„์ ธ๊ฐ”๋‹ค. ๋˜ํ•œ ์ฃผ๊ฑฐ๊ธ‰์—ฌ์— ๋น„ํ•˜์—ฌ ์ •๋ถ€์ง€์› ์ฃผํƒ์ž๊ธˆ ๋Œ€์ถœ์˜ ์ •์ฑ… ๋Œ€์ƒ ๋ฒ”์œ„๊ฐ€ ๋” ๋„“๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์— ๋ณธ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์—๋Š” ์ •๋ถ€์ง€์› ์ฃผํƒ์ž๊ธˆ ๋Œ€์ถœ์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด์„œ ์ค‘์ ์ ์œผ๋กœ ๋‹ค๋ฃจ๊ธฐ๋กœ ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ๋ณธ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋Š” 2017๋…„ ์ฃผ๊ฑฐ์‹คํƒœ์กฐ์‚ฌ ๋งˆ์ดํฌ๋กœ ๋ฐ์ดํ„ฐ์™€ 2008๋…„~2017๋…„ ์žฌ์ •ํŒจ๋„์กฐ์‚ฌ ๋ฐ์ดํ„ฐ๋ฅผ ๋ฐ”ํƒ•์œผ๋กœ ์ •๋ถ€์ง€์› ์ฃผํƒ์ž๊ธˆ ๋Œ€์ถœ ์ •์ฑ…๊ณผ ์ฃผ๊ฑฐ๋งŒ์กฑ๋„์˜ ๊ด€๊ณ„๋ฅผ ์‚ดํŽด๋ณด์•˜๋‹ค. 2017 ์ฃผ๊ฑฐ์‹คํƒœ์กฐ์‚ฌ๋Š” ์žฌ์ •ํŒจ๋„์กฐ์‚ฌ ๋ฐ์ดํ„ฐ๋ณด๋‹ค ์ฃผ๊ฑฐ์™€ ๊ด€๋ จ๋œ ๋ฐ์ดํ„ฐ๊ฐ€ ๋” ํ’๋ถ€ํ•˜๋‹ค๋Š” ์žฅ์ ์ด ์žˆ์ง€๋งŒ ์‹œ๊ณ„์—ด์ ์ธ ์ถ”์„ธ๋ฅผ ์•Œ ์ˆ˜ ์—†๋‹ค๋Š” ๋‹จ์ ์ด ์žˆ๋‹ค. ๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ ๋‹จ๋…„๋„์ ์ธ ์ฃผ๊ฑฐ์‹คํƒœ์กฐ์‚ฌ ๋งˆ์ดํฌ๋กœ ๋ฐ์ดํ„ฐ์™€ ๋‹ค๋…„๋„์ ์ธ ์žฌ์ •ํŒจ๋„์กฐ์‚ฌ ๋ฐ์ดํ„ฐ๋ฅผ ํ•จ๊ป˜ ํ™œ์šฉํ•˜๊ณ ์ž ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. 2017๋…„ ์ฃผ๊ฑฐ์‹คํƒœ์กฐ์‚ฌ ๋ฐ์ดํ„ฐ๋ฅผ ๋Œ€์ƒ์œผ๋กœ๋Š” ๋‹ค์ค‘ํšŒ๊ท€๋ถ„์„์„, 2008๋…„~2017๋…„ ์žฌ์ •ํŒจ๋„์กฐ์‚ฌ ๋ฐ์ดํ„ฐ๋ฅผ ๋Œ€์ƒ์œผ๋กœ๋Š” ๊ณ ์ •ํšจ๊ณผ ํŒจ๋„ํšŒ๊ท€๋ถ„์„์„ ์‹ค์‹œํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ์—ฐ๊ตฌ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ, ๊ฑฐ์ฃผ ์ง€์—ญ, ๊ฐ€๊ตฌ ์†Œ๋“, ์ฃผ๊ฑฐ๋ฉด์ , ์ฃผํƒํ˜•ํƒœ, ์ ์œ ํ˜•ํƒœ ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์ •๋ถ€์ง€์› ์ฃผํƒ์ž๊ธˆ ๋Œ€์ถœ ์œ ๋ฌด ๋“ฑ์ด ์ฃผ๊ฑฐ๋งŒ์กฑ๋„์— ํ†ต๊ณ„์ ์œผ๋กœ ์œ ์˜๋ฏธํ•˜๊ฒŒ ์˜ํ–ฅ์„ ๋ฏธ์น˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ฌ๋‹ค. 2017๋…„ ์ฃผ๊ฑฐ์‹คํƒœ์กฐ์‚ฌ ๋ถ„์„๊ณผ ์žฌ์ •ํŒจ๋„์กฐ์‚ฌ ๋ฐ์ดํ„ฐ ๋ถ„์„ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ์—์„œ, ๋Œ€์ฒด๋กœ ์ˆ˜๋„๊ถŒ ์ง€์—ญ์— ๊ฑฐ์ฃผํ• ์ˆ˜๋ก ์ฃผ๊ฑฐ๋งŒ์กฑ๋„๊ฐ€ ๋†’์•˜์œผ๋ฉฐ, ๊ฐ€๊ตฌ ์†Œ๋“๊ณผ ์ฃผ๊ฑฐ ๋ฉด์ ์ด ํด์ˆ˜๋ก ์ฃผ๊ฑฐ๋งŒ์กฑ๋„๊ฐ€ ๋†’์•˜๋‹ค. ๋‹ค๋งŒ ์ •๋ถ€์ง€์› ์ฃผํƒ์ž๊ธˆ ๋Œ€์ถœ ์œ ๋ฌด์˜ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ ์ฃผ๊ฑฐ ๋ฉด์ , ๊ฐ€๊ตฌ ์ง€์ถœ, ์•„ํŒŒํŠธ ๊ฑฐ์ฃผ ์—ฌ๋ถ€, ์ž๊ฐ€ ๋ณด์œ  ์—ฌ๋ถ€ ๋“ฑ์„ ๋งค๊ฐœ๋ณ€์ˆ˜๋กœ ํ•˜์—ฌ ๊ฐ„์ ‘์ ์œผ๋กœ๋งŒ ์ฃผ๊ฑฐ๋งŒ์กฑ๋„์— ์˜ํ–ฅ์„ ๋ผ์ณค๋‹ค. ์ฆ‰, ์ •๋ถ€์ง€์› ์ฃผํƒ์ž๊ธˆ ๋Œ€์ถœ์€ ์ฃผํƒ ์ˆ˜์š”์ž๊ฐ€ ๋” ๋„“์€ ์•„ํŒŒํŠธ๋ฅผ ์ž์‹ ์ด ๋ณด์œ ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋„๋ก ํ•˜๋Š” ๋งค๊ฐœ์ฒด๋กœ ์ž‘์šฉํ•จ์œผ๋กœ์จ ์ฃผ๊ฑฐ๋งŒ์กฑ๋„๊ฐ€ ๋†’์•„์ง€๋„๋ก ํ•˜๋Š” ์˜์˜๊ฐ€ ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด๋‹ค.๋ชฉ ์ฐจ ์ œ 1 ์žฅ ์„œ๋ก  1 ์ œ 1 ์ ˆ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์˜ ๋ชฉ์  ๋ฐ ํ•„์š”์„ฑ 1 ์ œ 2 ์ ˆ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์˜ ๋Œ€์ƒ๊ณผ ๋ฒ”์œ„ 3 ์ œ 2 ์žฅ ์ด๋ก ์  ๋…ผ์˜์™€ ์„ ํ–‰์—ฐ๊ตฌ ๊ฒ€ํ†  4 ์ œ 1 ์ ˆ ์ฃผ์š” ๊ฐœ๋…์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์ด๋ก ์  ๋…ผ์˜ 4 1. ์ฃผ๊ฑฐ๊ถŒ๊ณผ ์ฃผ๊ฑฐ ๋ณต์ง€์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์ด๋ก ์  ๋…ผ์˜ 4 2. ์ •๋ถ€์ง€์› ์ฃผํƒ์ž๊ธˆ ๋Œ€์ถœ ์ •์ฑ…์˜ ๋Œ€์ƒ์œผ๋กœ์„œ ์„œ๋ฏผ 7 3. ์ฃผํƒ๊ธˆ์œต์˜ ๊ฐœ๋… ๋ฐ ์œ ํ˜• 8 ์ œ 2 ์ ˆ ์ •๋ถ€์ง€์› ์ฃผํƒ์ž๊ธˆ ์ œ๋„์˜ ์—ญ์‚ฌ์™€ ํ˜„ํ™ฉ 11 1. ์ •๋ถ€์ง€์› ์ฃผํƒ์ž๊ธˆ ์ œ๋„์˜ ์—ญ์‚ฌ 11 2. ์ฃผ๊ฑฐ์‹คํƒœ ๋ฐ ์ •๋ถ€์ง€์› ์ฃผํƒ์ž๊ธˆ ์ œ๋„์˜ ํ˜„ํ™ฉ 13 ์ œ 3 ์ ˆ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋ชฉ์ ๊ณผ ๊ด€๋ จ๋œ ์„ ํ–‰์—ฐ๊ตฌ ๊ฒ€ํ†  19 1. ์ฃผ๊ฑฐ ๋งŒ์กฑ๋„์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์„ ํ–‰์—ฐ๊ตฌ ๊ฒ€ํ†  19 2. ์ •๋ถ€์ง€์› ์ฃผํƒ์ž๊ธˆ์˜ ํšจ๊ณผ์„ฑ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์„ ํ–‰์—ฐ๊ตฌ ๊ฒ€ํ†  24 3. ๋ฐ”๋žŒ์งํ•œ ์ฃผํƒ ์ •์ฑ… ๋ฐฉํ–ฅ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์„ ํ–‰์—ฐ๊ตฌ ๊ฒ€ํ†  25 ์ œ 3 ์žฅ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์„ค๊ณ„ ๋ฐ ๋ถ„์„๋ฐฉ๋ฒ• 27 ์ œ 1 ์ ˆ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋ฌธ์ œ, ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๊ฐ€์„ค ๋ฐ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•๋ก  27 1. ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋ฌธ์ œ ๋ฐ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๊ฐ€์„ค 27 2. ์—ฐ๊ตฌ ๋ชจํ˜• ๋ฐ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•๋ก  29 ์ œ 2 ์ ˆ ๋ณ€์ˆ˜์˜ ์ •์˜ ๋ฐ ์ธก์ • 32 1. ์ข…์†๋ณ€์ˆ˜ 32 2. ๋…๋ฆฝ๋ณ€์ˆ˜ 33 3. ํ†ต์ œ๋ณ€์ˆ˜ 34 4. ๋งค๊ฐœ๋ณ€์ˆ˜ 34 5. ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์˜ ๋ถ„์„ํ‹€ 36 ์ œ 4 ์žฅ ์‹ค์ฆ๋ถ„์„ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ 37 ์ œ 1 ์ ˆ ๊ธฐ์ˆ ํ†ต๊ณ„๋ถ„์„ 37 1. 2017 ์ฃผ๊ฑฐ์‹คํƒœ์กฐ์‚ฌ 37 2. ์žฌ์ •ํŒจ๋„์กฐ์‚ฌ 44 ์ œ 2 ์ ˆ 2017 ์ฃผ๊ฑฐ์‹คํƒœ์กฐ์‚ฌ ํ†ต๊ณ„๋ถ„์„ 46 1. ์ „์ฒด ๊ฐ€๊ตฌ๋ฅผ ๋Œ€์ƒ์œผ๋กœ ํ•œ ๋‹ค์ค‘ํšŒ๊ท€๋ถ„์„ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ 46 2. ์ ์œ  ํ˜•ํƒœ๋ณ„ ๋‹ค์ค‘ํšŒ๊ท€๋ถ„์„ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ 54 ์ œ 3 ์ ˆ ์žฌ์ •ํŒจ๋„์กฐ์‚ฌ ํ†ต๊ณ„๋ถ„์„ 60 1. ์ „์ฒด ๊ฐ€๊ตฌ๋ฅผ ๋Œ€์ƒ์œผ๋กœ ํ•œ ๊ณ ์ •ํšจ๊ณผ ํŒจ๋„ํšŒ๊ท€๋ถ„์„ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ 60 2. ์ ์œ  ํ˜•ํƒœ๋ณ„ ๊ณ ์ •ํšจ๊ณผ ํŒจ๋„ํšŒ๊ท€๋ถ„์„ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ 64 ์ œ 4 ์ ˆ ์‹ค์ฆ๋ถ„์„ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ ์š”์•ฝ 67 ์ œ 5 ์žฅ ๊ฒฐ๋ก  71 ์ฐธ๊ณ ๋ฌธํ—Œ 73 Abstract 79Maste

    ์ค‘์†Œ๋ฒค์ฒ˜๊ธฐ์—…์ง„ํฅ๊ณต๋‹จ ์‚ฌ์—…์ „ํ™˜์ง€์›์ž๊ธˆ์„ ์ค‘์‹ฌ์œผ๋กœ

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    ํ•™์œ„๋…ผ๋ฌธ(์„์‚ฌ) -- ์„œ์šธ๋Œ€ํ•™๊ต๋Œ€ํ•™์› : ํ–‰์ •๋Œ€ํ•™์› ๊ณต๊ธฐ์—…์ •์ฑ…ํ•™๊ณผ, 2022. 8. ์šฐ์ง€์ˆ™.In this study, although the research on policy funds for SMEs in the past has been mostly focused on the study of the entire policy fund, there are various detailed loan programs within the mid-vacuum policy fund. However, there have been relatively few studies on the individual loan programs. Motive for this study started off with the assumption that analyzing the effectiveness of the specific loan program could me more meaningful since each program retains specialty of its own.. Among them, the business conversion support fund, which provides loans to companies wishing to switch from the existing business field to another industry, was set as the subject of the study. To this end, we tried to verify the effect of the business conversion loan program by comparing the beneficiaries of the business conversion loan from 2015 to 2017 and the policy fund supported companies excluding the business conversion loan. Through this study, my ultimate goal is that the entire policy finance, including the business conversion loan, will lead to generating higher performance in the future. The research group of this study is an average of about 200 small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) yearly which benefited from the business conversion loan, and the comparison group is the enterprises that received support from other policy funds, the number of beneficiaries reaching about 20,000 small and medium-sized enterprises per year. However, among them, companies with financially valid data were selected and compared with the data of companies beneficiary of the business conversion loan. The first hypothesis of this study is that โ€œthe beneficiaries of the business conversion loan will have higher profitability than other financial support companiesโ€, which doubles the hypothesis that the beneficiary company's profitability, such as net profit and operating profit, will be improved compared to other financial support companies. An empirical analysis was conducted using the DID analysis method. The second hypothesis is that โ€œthe beneficiaries of the business conversion loan will have higher stability than non-supported companies.โ€ This tests the hypothesis that indicators for business stability, such as current ratio and interest coverage ratio, would have improved compared to other financially supported companies. The third hypothesis is that โ€œthe beneficiaries of the business conversion loan will have higher growth potential than non-supported companiesโ€. And as a result of analysis based on the above hypothesis, it was confirmed that policy funds had a positive effect on financial performance (profitability and growth potential) through comparison before and after policy funding support. It was confirmed that the beneficiary companies had a more positive effect in terms of profit margin on sales, operating profit ratio on sales, total asset growth rate, and operating profit growth rate than other beneficiaries of the business conversion loan However, although not at a statistically significant level, the performance was relatively constant, with the current ratio and interest coverage ratio being lower than those of other policy-funded companies. In the future, an additional analysis of the effectiveness of detailed projects including the project conversion loan is required. In the case of the business conversion loan, it is judged that it will be meaningful to conduct a study to check whether the business conversion has actually been made after the funding support, which is the unique characteristic of the business conversion loan only compared to other policy fund loan programs, and if so, to what level it has been actually achieved.๋ณธ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋Š” ๊ณผ๊ฑฐ ์ค‘์†Œ๊ธฐ์—… ์ •์ฑ…์ž๊ธˆ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๊ฐ€ ์ •์ฑ…์ž๊ธˆ ๋‚ด ์„ธ๋ถ€ ์œต์ž์‚ฌ์—… ์ฐฝ์—…๊ธฐ์—…์ง€์›์ž๊ธˆ, ํ˜์‹ ์„ฑ์žฅ์ง€์›์ž๊ธˆ, ์‚ฌ์—…์ „ํ™˜์ง€์›์ž๊ธˆ ๋“ฑ 17๊ฐœ ์„ธ๋ถ€์‚ฌ์—… (2021๋…„ ์ค‘์ง„๊ณต ์ •์ฑ…์ž๊ธˆ ์œต์ž๊ณต๊ณ  ๊ธฐ์ค€ : 2021๋…„ 3์›” ์ˆ˜์ • ๊ณต๊ณ ๋ฌธ) ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๋ถ„์„์ด ์•„๋‹Œ ์ •์ฑ…์ž๊ธˆ ์ „์ฒด์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์— ์น˜์ค‘๋˜์–ด ์„ธ๋ถ€ ์œต์ž์‚ฌ์—…์˜ ํŠน์„ฑ์„ ๋ฐ˜์˜ํ•œ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๊ฐ€ ์ƒ๋Œ€์ ์œผ๋กœ ๋ถ€์กฑํ•˜๋‹ค๋Š” ๋ถ„์„์—์„œ ์‹œ์ž‘๋˜์—ˆ๋‹ค. ๋˜ํ•œ ์„ธ๋ถ€ ์œต์ž์‚ฌ์—…์€ ๊ฐ๊ธฐ ๋‚˜๋ฆ„์˜ ์ •์ฑ…๋ชฉ์ ์„ฑ์„ ์ง€๋‹ˆ๊ณ  ์žˆ๊ธฐ์— ๊ทธ ํšจ๊ณผ์„ฑ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๋งž์ถคํ˜• ๋ถ„์„์ด ํ•„์š”ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฐ€์ •์„ ๊ธฐ๋ฐ˜์œผ๋กœ ํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค. ์ฝ”๋กœ๋‚˜19 ๋“ฑ์œผ๋กœ ์ธํ•ด ๊ณผ๊ฑฐ์— ๋น„ํ•ด ์‚ฐ์—…๊ตฌ์กฐ๊ฐ€ ๋น ๋ฅด๊ฒŒ ๊ฐœํŽธ๋˜๋Š” ๋“ฑ ์ค‘์†Œ๊ธฐ์—…์ด ์ ๊ทน์ ์ธ ๋ณ€ํ™”๋ฅผ ๋„๋ชจํ•˜๋Š” ์‹œ๊ธฐ์ž„์„ ๊ฐ์•ˆ, ์„ธ๋ถ€ ์œต์ž์‚ฌ์—… ์ค‘ ๊ธฐ์กด์— ์˜์œ„์ค‘์ด์—ˆ๋˜ ์‚ฌ์—… ๋ถ„์•ผ๋กœ๋ถ€ํ„ฐ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ์—…์ข…์œผ๋กœ ์ „ํ™˜์„ ์ถ”์ง„ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ธฐ์—…์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ์ง€์›ํ•˜๋Š” ์‚ฌ์—…์ „ํ™˜์ง€์›์ž๊ธˆ์„ ๊ทธ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ ๋Œ€์ƒ์œผ๋กœ ์„ค์ •ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ์ด๋ฅผ ์œ„ํ•ด 2015๋…„๋ถ€ํ„ฐ 2017๋…„๊นŒ์ง€ ์ง€์›๋œ ์‚ฌ์—…์ „ํ™˜์ง€์›์ž๊ธˆ ์ˆ˜ํ˜œ๊ธฐ์—…๊ณผ ์‚ฌ์—…์ „ํ™˜์ง€์›์ž๊ธˆ์„ ์ œ์™ธํ•œ ์ •์ฑ…์ž๊ธˆ ์ง€์›๊ธฐ์—…์„ ๋น„๊ตํ•˜์—ฌ ๊ทธ ์ง€์› ํšจ๊ณผ๋ฅผ ํ™•์ธํ•ด๋ณด๊ณ ์ž ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ๋ณธ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋ฅผ ํ†ตํ•ด ์‚ฌ์—…์ „ํ™˜์ง€์›์ž๊ธˆ ๋ฟ๋งŒ์ด ์•„๋‹ˆ๋ผ ์ •์ฑ…๊ธˆ์œต ์ „์ฒด๊ฐ€ ๋ณด๋‹ค ๋†’์€ ์„ฑ๊ณผ๋ฅผ ์ฐฝ์ถœํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋„๋ก ๋ถ„์„ํ•˜๊ณ  ์ œ์–ธํ•˜๊ณ ์ž ํ•œ๋‹ค. ๋ณธ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์˜ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์ง‘๋‹จ์€ ์‚ฌ์—…์ „ํ™˜์ง€์›์ž๊ธˆ์„ ์ˆ˜ํ˜œ๋ฐ›์€ ์—ฐ๊ฐ„ ํ‰๊ท  ์•ฝ 200์—ฌ๊ฐœ ์ค‘์†Œ๊ธฐ์—…์ด๋ฉฐ, ๋น„๊ต์ง‘๋‹จ์€ ์‚ฌ์—…์ „ํ™˜์ง€์›์ž๊ธˆ ์™ธ ์ค‘์ง„๊ณต์˜ ํƒ€ ์ •์ฑ…์ž๊ธˆ์„ ์ง€์› ๋ฐ›์€ ๊ธฐ์—…์œผ๋กœ์„œ ์—ฐ๊ฐ„ ์•ฝ 15,000๊ฐœ์˜ ์ค‘์†Œ๊ธฐ์—…์— ์ด๋ฅธ๋‹ค. ๋‹ค๋งŒ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์ง‘๋‹จ ๋ฐ ๋น„๊ต์ง‘๋‹จ ์ค‘ ์žฌ๋ฌด์ ์œผ๋กœ ์œ ํšจํ•œ ๋ฐ์ดํ„ฐ๋ฅผ ๋ณด์œ ํ•œ ๊ธฐ์—…์„ ์„ ๋ณ„ํ•˜์—ฌ ๋ฐ์ดํ„ฐ๋ฅผ ๋น„๊ต ๋ถ„์„ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ๋ณธ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์˜ ์ฒซ ๋ฒˆ์งธ ๊ฐ€์„ค์€ โ€œ์‚ฌ์—…์ „ํ™˜์ง€์›์ž๊ธˆ ์ •์ฑ…์ง€์› ๊ธฐ์—…์€ ํƒ€ ์ž๊ธˆ ์ง€์›๊ธฐ์—…๋ณด๋‹ค ์ˆ˜์ต์„ฑ(Profitability)์ด ๋†’์„ ๊ฒƒ์ด๋‹คโ€๋กœ ์ˆ˜ํ˜œ๊ธฐ์—…์˜ ์ˆœ์ด์ต, ์˜์—…์ด์ต ๋“ฑ ์ˆ˜์ต์„ฑ์ด ํƒ€ ์ž๊ธˆ ์ง€์›๊ธฐ์—…์— ๋น„ํ•ด ๊ฐœ์„ ๋˜์—ˆ์„ ๊ฒƒ์ด๋ผ๋Š” ๊ฐ€์„ค์„ ์ด์ค‘์ฐจ๋ถ„์„๋ฒ•(DID)์œผ๋กœ ์‹ค์ฆ๋ถ„์„ ํ•ด ๋ณด์•˜๋‹ค. ๋‘ ๋ฒˆ์งธ ๊ฐ€์„ค์€ โ€œ์‚ฌ์—…์ „ํ™˜์ง€์›์ž๊ธˆ ์ •์ฑ…์ง€์› ๊ธฐ์—…์€ ๋น„ ์ง€์›๊ธฐ์—…๋ณด๋‹ค ์•ˆ์ •์„ฑ(Stability)์ด ๋†’์„ ๊ฒƒ์ด๋‹ค.โ€๋กœ ์œ ๋™๋น„์œจ, ์ด์ž๋ณด์ƒ๋น„์œจ ๋“ฑ ๊ฒฝ์˜์•ˆ์ •์„ฑ์„ ํ™•์ธ ํ•˜๋Š” ์ง€ํ‘œ๊ฐ€ ํƒ€ ์ž๊ธˆ ์ง€์›๊ธฐ์—…์— ๋น„ํ•ด ๊ฐœ์„ ๋˜์—ˆ์„ ๊ฒƒ์ด๋ผ๋Š” ๊ฐ€์„ค์„ ๊ฒ€์ฆํ•˜๊ณ ์ž ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ์„ธ ๋ฒˆ์งธ ๊ฐ€์„ค์€ ์‚ฌ์—…์ „ํ™˜์ง€์›์ž๊ธˆ ์ •์ฑ…์ง€์› ๊ธฐ์—…์€ ๋น„ ์ง€์›๊ธฐ์—…๋ณด๋‹ค ์„ฑ์žฅ์„ฑ(Expandability)์ด ๋†’์„ ๊ฒƒ์ด๋‹คโ€œ๋กœ์„œ ์‚ฌ์—…์ „ํ™˜์ง€์›์ž๊ธˆ ์ˆ˜ํ˜œ๊ธฐ์—…์˜ ์ด์ž์‚ฐ์ฆ๊ฐ€์œจ, ์˜์—…์ด์ต์ฆ๊ฐ€์œจ ๋“ฑ ๊ธฐ์—… ์„ฑ์žฅ๊ณผ ์—ฐ๊ด€๋œ ์žฌ๋ฌด์  ์„ฑ๊ณผ๊ฐ€ ๋น„ ์ง€์›๊ธฐ์—…์— ๋น„ํ•ด ๊ฐœ์„ ๋˜์—ˆ์„ ๊ฒƒ์ด๋ผ๋Š” ๊ฐ€์„ค์„ ๊ฒ€์ฆํ•˜๊ณ ์ž ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์ƒ๊ธฐ์˜ ๊ฐ€์„ค์„ ํ† ๋Œ€๋กœ ๋ถ„์„์„ ์‹ค์‹œํ•œ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ, ์ •์ฑ…์ž๊ธˆ ์ง€์› ์ „ยทํ›„ ๋น„๊ต๋ฅผ ํ†ตํ•ด ์‚ฌ์—…์ „ํ™˜์ง€์›์ž๊ธˆ์ด ์ˆ˜์ต์„ฑ ๋ฐ ์„ฑ์žฅ์„ฑ์— ๊ธ์ •์ ์ธ ํšจ๊ณผ๋ฅผ ๋ณด์ด๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ํ™•์ธํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ์‚ฌ์—…์ „ํ™˜์ง€์›์ž๊ธˆ์€ ์ˆ˜ํ˜œ๊ธฐ์—…์€ ํƒ€ ์ž๊ธˆ ์ˆ˜ํ˜œ๊ธฐ์—…์— ๋น„ํ•ด ๋งค์ถœ์•ก์ˆœ์ด์ต๋ฅ , ๋งค์ถœ์•ก์˜์—…์ด์ต๋ฅ  ๋ฐ ์ด์ž์‚ฐ์ฆ๊ฐ€์œจ ๋“ฑ ์ˆ˜์ต์„ฑ ๋ฐ ์„ฑ์žฅ์„ฑ ์ธก๋ฉด์—์„œ ๊ธ์ •์ ์ธ ํšจ๊ณผ๊ฐ€ ์žˆ์Œ์„ ํ™•์ธํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ๋‹ค๋งŒ, ํ†ต๊ณ„์ ์œผ๋กœ ์œ ์˜๋ฏธํ•œ ์ˆ˜์ค€์€ ์•„๋‹ˆ๋‚˜ ์œ ๋™๋น„์œจ ๋ฐ ์ด์ž๋ณด์ƒ๋น„์œจ์ด ๋“ฑ ์•ˆ์ •์„ฑ ๋ถ€๋ถ„์—์„œ๋Š” ์˜คํžˆ๋ ค ๋ถ€์ •์ ์ธ ํšจ๊ณผ๊ฐ€ ์žˆ์Œ์„ ํ™•์ธํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค. ํ–ฅํ›„์—๋„ ์‚ฌ์—…์ „ํ™˜์ง€์›์ž๊ธˆ์„ ํฌํ•จํ•œ ๊ฐœ๋ณ„ ์„ธ๋ถ€์‚ฌ์—…์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ํšจ๊ณผ์„ฑ ๋ถ„์„์ด ์ถ”๊ฐ€์ ์œผ๋กœ ํ•„์š”ํ•˜๋ฉฐ, ์ด๋ฅผ ๋ฐ”ํƒ•์œผ๋กœ ๊ธฐ์กด์˜ ์„ธ๋ถ€ ์œต์ž์‚ฌ์—… ๋‚ด์šฉ์„ ๋ณ€๊ฒฝํ•˜๊ฑฐ๋‚˜ ์ƒˆ๋กœ์šด ์„ธ๋ถ€ ์œต์ž์‚ฌ์—…์„ ์ฐฝ์ถœํ•˜๊ณ , ์„ฑ๊ณผ๊ฐ€ ์—†๋Š” ์„ธ๋ถ€ ์œต์ €์‚ฌ์—…์€ ์ง€์› ๋ฐฉ์‹ ๋“ฑ์„ ๋ณ€๊ฒฝ ๊ฒ€ํ† ํ•  ํ•„์š”๊ฐ€ ์žˆ๋‹ค. ์•„์šธ๋Ÿฌ ํƒ€ ์„ธ๋ถ€ ์œต์ž์‚ฌ์—…๊ณผ๋Š” ๋‹ค๋ฅด๊ฒŒ ์‚ฌ์—…์ „ํ™˜์ง€์›์ž๊ธˆ์˜ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ ๊ทธ ๊ณ ์œ ์˜ ํŠน์„ฑ์ธ ์ž๊ธˆ ์ง€์› ์ดํ›„ ์‹ค์ œ๋กœ ์‚ฌ์—…์ „ํ™˜์ด ์ด๋ฃจ์–ด์กŒ๋Š”์ง€, ์ด๋ฃจ์–ด์กŒ๋‹ค๋ฉด ์–ด๋Š ์ •๋„ ์ด๋ฃจ์–ด์กŒ๋Š” ์ง€๋ฅผ ํ™•์ธํ•˜๋Š” ์‚ฌ์—…์ „ํ™˜ ์ดํ–‰ ์ •๋„์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋„ ์˜๋ฏธ๊ฐ€ ์žˆ์„ ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ํŒ๋‹จ๋œ๋‹ค.์ œ 1 ์žฅ ์„œ ๋ก  1 ์ œ 1 ์ ˆ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์˜ ๋ฐฐ๊ฒฝ ๋ฐ ๋ชฉ์  1 1. ์—ฐ๊ตฌ ๋ฐฐ๊ฒฝ 1 2. ์—ฐ๊ตฌ ๋ชฉ์  2 ์ œ 2 ์ ˆ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์˜ ๋ฒ”์œ„ ๋ฐ ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ• 3 ์ œ 3 ์ ˆ ๋ณธ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์˜ ์ฐจ๋ณ„์„ฑ 4 ์ œ 2 ์žฅ ์ด๋ก ์  ๋ฐฐ๊ฒฝ ๋ฐ ์„ ํ–‰์—ฐ๊ตฌ ๋ถ„์„ 6 ์ œ 1 ์ ˆ ์ค‘์†Œ๊ธฐ์—…์˜ ์ดํ•ด 6 ์ œ 2 ์ ˆ ์ค‘์†Œ๊ธฐ์—… ์ •์ฑ…๊ธˆ์œต์˜ ์ดํ•ด 7 ์ œ 3 ์ ˆ ์ค‘์ง„๊ณต์˜ ์ดํ•ด 12 ์ œ 4 ์ ˆ ์ค‘์ง„๊ณต ์ •์ฑ…์ž๊ธˆ ํ˜„ํ™ฉ ๋ฐ ์ถ”์ง„ ์ฒด๊ณ„ 12 1. ์ง€์›์กฐ๊ฑด 14 2. ์ง€์›์ ˆ์ฐจ 16 3. ์ถ”์ง„์ฒด๊ณ„ 16 ์ œ 5 ์ ˆ ์‚ฌ์—…์ „ํ™˜์ง€์›์ž๊ธˆ ์ง€์› ํ˜„ํ™ฉ ๋ฐ ์„ฑ๊ณผ 18 1. ์‚ฌ์—…์ „ํ™˜์ง€์›์ž๊ธˆ ์ง€์› ์กฐ๊ฑด 18 2. ์‚ฌ์—…์ „ํ™˜์ง€์›์ž๊ธˆ ์ง‘ํ–‰ ์‹ค์  19 ์ œ 4 ์ ˆ ์„ ํ–‰์—ฐ๊ตฌ ๋ถ„์„ 22 1. ์ •์ฑ…์ž๊ธˆ ์ „๋ฐ˜์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์„ ํ–‰ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ 22 2. ์ •์ฑ…์ž๊ธˆ ๋‚ด ์„ธ๋ถ€์‚ฌ์—…๋ณ„ ์„ ํ–‰ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ 27 3. ์ •์ฑ…์ž๊ธˆ ์ง€์› ๋ฐฉ์‹์— ๊ด€ํ•œ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ 29 4. ํ‰๊ฐ€์  ์˜๊ฒฌ 31 ์ œ 3 ์žฅ ๋ถ„์„ ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ• ๋ฐ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ ์„ค๊ณ„ 34 ์ œ 1 ์ ˆ ๋ถ„์„๋ฐฉ๋ฒ• 35 ์ด์ค‘์ฐจ๋ถ„๊ธฐ๋ฒ•(Difference-in-difference) 35 ์ œ 2 ์ ˆ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์„ค๊ณ„ 37 1. ์›์ฒœ์ž๋ฃŒ ๋ฐ ํ‘œ๋ณธ๊ตฌ์„ฑ 37 2. ํ‘œ๋ณธ ๋ฐ์ดํ„ฐ์˜ ํŠน์„ฑ 39 3. ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋ฌธ์ œ ๋ฐ ๊ฐ€์„ค์˜ ์„ค์ • 40 4. ์ข…์†๋ณ€์ˆ˜ 41 5. ํ†ต์ œ๋ณ€์ˆ˜ 43 6. ๋ถ„์„๋ชจํ˜• 45 ์ œ 4 ์žฅ ๋ถ„์„๊ฒฐ๊ณผ 48 ์ œ 1 ์ ˆ ๊ฒฝ์˜์„ฑ๊ณผ์— ๋ฏธ์น˜๋Š” ์˜ํ–ฅ 48 1. ์ˆ˜์ต์„ฑ 48 2. ์„ฑ์žฅ์„ฑ 53 3. ์•ˆ์ •์„ฑ 56 4. ๋ถ„์„๊ฒฐ๊ณผ ์ข…ํ•ฉ ๋ฐ ๊ฐ€์„ค ๊ฒ€์ฆ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ 60 ์ œ 5 ์žฅ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์˜ ๊ฒฐ๋ก  ๋ฐ ์‹œ์‚ฌ์  62 ์ œ 6 ์žฅ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์˜ ํ•œ๊ณ„ ๋ฐ ํ–ฅํ›„ ๊ณผ์ œ 64 ์ฐธ๊ณ ๋ฌธํ—Œ 66 Abstract 70์„

    ํ•œ๊ตญ ์„œ๋น„์Šค ๊ธฐ์—…์˜ ํ˜์‹ ์„ฑ๊ณผ์— ์˜ํ–ฅ์„ ๋ฏธ์น˜๋Š” ์žฅ์• ์š”์ธ์— ๊ด€ํ•œ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ : ๊ธฐ์—…์˜ ๊ทœ๋ชจ์— ๋”ฐ๋ฅธ ์กฐ์ ˆํšจ๊ณผ๋ฅผ ์ค‘์‹ฌ์œผ๋กœ

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    ํ•™์œ„๋…ผ๋ฌธ (์„์‚ฌ)-- ์„œ์šธ๋Œ€ํ•™๊ต ๋Œ€ํ•™์› : ๊ฒฝ์˜๋Œ€ํ•™ ๊ฒฝ์˜ํ•™๊ณผ, 2018. 8. ์ด๋™๊ธฐ.๋ณธ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์—์„œ๋Š” ๊ธฐ์—…์ด ์ง๋ฉดํ•˜๋Š” ํ˜์‹  ํ™œ๋™ ์žฅ์• ์š”์ธ์ด ์„œ๋น„์Šค ํ˜์‹  ์—ฌ๋ถ€์— ๋ฏธ์น˜๋Š” ์˜ํ–ฅ์„ ๋ถ„์„ํ•˜๊ณ ์ž ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ํŠนํžˆ, ์ด ๋‘ ๋ณ€์ˆ˜์˜ ๊ด€๊ณ„์— ์žˆ์–ด ๊ธฐ์—…์˜ ๊ทœ๋ชจ๊ฐ€ ๋ฏธ์น˜๋Š” ์กฐ์ ˆํšจ๊ณผ ๋ถ„์„์— ์ง‘์ค‘ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ์ด๋ฅผ ์œ„ํ•ด ๊ณผํ•™๊ธฐ์ˆ ์ •์ฑ…์—ฐ๊ตฌ์›(STEPI)์—์„œ ์กฐ์‚ฌํ•œ 2016๋…„ ํ•œ๊ตญ๊ธฐ์ˆ ํ˜์‹ ์กฐ์‚ฌ(KIS) ๋ฐ์ดํ„ฐ๋ฅผ ์ด์šฉํ•œ ์‹ค์ฆ๋ถ„์„์„ ์‹ค์‹œํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ํ•œ๊ตญ๊ธฐ์—…ํ˜์‹ ์กฐ์‚ฌ๋Š” OECD Oslo Manual์— ๊ธฐ์ดˆํ•˜์—ฌ ์‹ค์‹œ๋˜๋ฉฐ, ์กฐ์‚ฌ ๋ชจ์ง‘๋‹จ์€ 2016๋…„ ์ด์ „ 3๋…„๊ฐ„ ํ™œ๋™ํ•œ ๊ธฐ์—… ์ค‘ ์ƒ์‹œ์ข…์‚ฌ์ž ์ˆ˜ 10์ธ ์ด์ƒ์˜ ์„œ๋น„์Šค์—…์ฒด์ด๋‹ค. ์ด๋ฅผ ํ†ตํ•ด ์–ป์–ด์ง„ 4000๊ฐœ ๊ธฐ์—…์˜ ๋ฐ์ดํ„ฐ ์ค‘ ํŠนํ—ˆ์ถœ์‹œ ์—ฌ๋ถ€ ๋‹ต๋ณ€์ด ๋ˆ„๋ฝ๋œ ๊ธฐ์—… ๋ฐ outlier๋ฅผ ์ œ์™ธํ•œ 3998๊ฐœ ๊ธฐ์—…์„ ๋Œ€์ƒ์œผ๋กœ ๋ถ„์„์„ ์‹ค์‹œํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ์š”์ธ๋ถ„์„์„ ํ†ตํ•ด ๊ธฐ์—…์˜ ํ˜์‹  ํ™œ๋™ ์žฅ์• ์š”์ธ์„ ์ž๊ธˆ, ์—ญ๋Ÿ‰, ํ•„์š” ์žฅ์• ์š”์ธ์œผ๋กœ ๊ตฌ๋ถ„ ํ•˜์˜€์œผ๋ฉฐ, ์ด ์ค‘ ์ž๊ธˆ ์žฅ์• ์š”์ธ๊ณผ ์—ญ๋Ÿ‰ ์žฅ์• ์š”์ธ์„ ๋…๋ฆฝ๋ณ€์ˆ˜๋กœ ํ™œ์šฉํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ์ดํ•ญ ๋กœ์ง€์Šคํ‹ฑ ํšŒ๊ท€๋ถ„์„ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ, ์ž๊ธˆ ์žฅ์• ์š”์ธ ๋ฐ ๊ธฐ์—… ์—ญ๋Ÿ‰ ์žฅ์• ์š”์ธ ๊ด€๋ จ ๋ฌธ์ œ๋ฅผ ๊ฒช๋Š” ๊ธฐ์—…์€ ๋” ๋งŽ์€ ํ˜์‹  ์„ฑ๊ณผ๋ฅผ ๊ฐ€์ ธ์˜ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ๋ฐํ˜€์กŒ๋‹ค. ๋˜ํ•œ ์กฐ์ ˆ๋ณ€์ˆ˜์ธ ๊ธฐ์—…์˜ ๊ทœ๋ชจ๊ฐ€ ํด์ˆ˜๋ก, ํ˜์‹ ํ™œ๋™ ์ €ํ•ด์š”์ธ ์ค‘ ์ž๊ธˆ ์žฅ์• ์š”์ธ์ด ํ˜์‹  ์„ฑ๊ณผ์— ๋ฏธ์น˜๋Š” ์˜ํ–ฅ์€ ๋” ์ปค์ง€๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ฌ๋‹ค. ๋ฐ˜๋ฉด, ์กฐ์ ˆ๋ณ€์ˆ˜์ธ ๊ธฐ์—…์˜ ๊ทœ๋ชจ๊ฐ€ ํด์ˆ˜๋ก, ํ˜์‹ ํ™œ๋™ ์ €ํ•ด์š”์ธ ์ค‘ ๊ธฐ์—… ์—ญ๋Ÿ‰ ์žฅ์• ์š”์ธ์ด ํ˜์‹  ์„ฑ๊ณผ์— ๋ฏธ์น˜๋Š” ์˜ํ–ฅ์€ ๋” ์ž‘์•„์ง€๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ๋ถ„์„๋˜์—ˆ๋‹ค.์ œ 1์žฅ. ์„œ๋ก  1 ์ œ 1์ ˆ. ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์˜ ๋ฐฐ๊ฒฝ ๋ฐ ๋ชฉ์  1 ์ œ 2์ ˆ. ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์˜ ๊ตฌ์„ฑ 4 ์ œ 2์žฅ. ์„ ํ–‰์—ฐ๊ตฌ ๋ถ„์„ 5 ์ œ 1์ ˆ. ํ˜์‹ ์˜ ๊ฐœ๋… 5 ์ œ 2์ ˆ. ํ˜์‹  ์žฅ์• ์š”์ธ ์„ ํ–‰์—ฐ๊ตฌ 6 ์ œ 3์ ˆ. ๋ณธ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์˜ ์˜์˜ 8 ์ œ 3์žฅ. ๊ฐ€์„ค ์„ค์ • ๋ฐ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์˜ ์„ค๊ณ„ 9 ์ œ 1์ ˆ. ํ˜์‹  ์žฅ์• ์š”์ธ์˜ ์œ ํ˜• ๋ฐ ๊ฐ€์„ค ์„ค์ • 9 ์ œ 2์ ˆ. ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋Œ€์ƒ์˜ ์ •์˜, ์ž๋ฃŒ์ˆ˜์ง‘ ๋ฐ ํ‘œ๋ณธ 13 ์ œ 3์ ˆ. ๋ณ€์ˆ˜์˜ ์ •์˜ ๋ฐ ์ธก์ • 15 ์ œ 4์ ˆ. ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•๋ก  18 ์ œ 4์žฅ. ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์˜ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ์™€ ํ•ด์„ 19 ์ œ 1์ ˆ. ๋ณ€์ˆ˜์˜ ๊ธฐ์ˆ ํ†ต๊ณ„๋Ÿ‰ 19 ์ œ 2์ ˆ. ์š”์ธ๋ถ„์„ 21 ์ œ 3์ ˆ. ์ฐจ์ด๋ถ„์„ 22 ์ œ 4์ ˆ. ๋กœ์ง€์Šคํ‹ฑ ํšŒ๊ท€๋ถ„์„ 24 ์ œ 5์ ˆ. ํ•œ๊ณ„ํšจ์šฉ ๋ถ„์„ 27 ์ œ 5์žฅ. ๊ฒฐ๋ก  ๋ฐ ๋…ผ์˜ 29 ์ œ 1์ ˆ. ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์˜ ์˜์˜ ๋ฐ ์‹œ์‚ฌ์  29 ์ œ 2์ ˆ. ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์˜ ํ•œ๊ณ„์  ๋ฐ ํ–ฅํ›„ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ ๊ณผ์ œ 31 ์ฐธ๊ณ ๋ฌธํ—Œ 32Maste

    ๊ฐœ๋ฐœ ๊ฒฝ์ œ์™€ ๊ตญ๊ฐ€์˜ ๋†์ดŒ ๋„๋กœ์— ๊ตญ๊ฐ€ ์ •์ฑ…์˜๊ฒ€ํ† 

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    open1๊ด€๋ฆฌ ๋ฐ ๋†์ดŒ ๋„๋กœ์˜ ์œ ์ง€ ๋ณด์ˆ˜์˜ ์ž๊ธˆ ์กฐ๋‹ฌ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์ƒˆ๋กœ์šด ์ ‘๊ทผ ๋ฐฉ์‹์ด ํ•„์š”ํ•˜๋‹ค. ์ „๋žต์  ๋ชฉํ‘œ๋Š” ์ •๋ถ€์™€ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ๋ถ„์•ผ์˜ ์„œ๋กœ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ์ˆ˜์ค€์˜ ์ฐธ์—ฌ์— ์ดˆ์ ์„ ๋งž์ถ”์–ด์•ผ : ์กฐ์ •๊ณผ ํ†ตํ•ฉ์— ์žฌ๋ฌด ๊ณ„ํš์˜ ๋„๋กœ ์œ ์ง€ ๋ณด์ˆ˜๋ฅผ ๋ณด์žฅํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด ํŠน์ • ์ „๋žต์„ ๊ตฌํ˜„ํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฐ ํ•„์š”ํ•œ (๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์ผ€์ด์Šค, ํŠธ๋ž™), ์˜ˆ๋ฐฉ ์œ ์ง€ ๋ณด์ˆ˜ ๋ฐ ์žฅ๊ธฐVillani, P.Villani, PAOLA MARIA CHIAR

    Foreign Assistance and Economic Development in Korea

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    A large scale of foreign assistance or aid has been provided from developed to developing countries throughout the second-half of the 20th century. However, only a few countries out of beneficiaries succeeded in economic development. This has provoked a controversy over on the effectiveness of foreign assistance. Many researchers have argued that such assistance is useless, and some emphasized the significance of governmentโ€™s accountability in maximizing its effectiveness (Collier 2007; Easterly 2006; Moyo 2009; Burnside and Dollar 2000, 2004). The issue is still under debate. Examining the historical experience and lessons of successful counties like Korea would be useful to learn how to improve the effectiveness of foreign assistance. Korea is one of the countries which received a lot of foreign assistance and achieved a rapid economic growth in short period. Korean War in 1950-53 devastated peopleโ€™s life and infrastructure across the country. After the War, no one believed that Korea would become one of most industrialized and developed countries after 60 years. Therefore, Korean experience has been called as โ€œMiracle on the Han Riverโ€. However, previous studies on the role of foreign aids in Korean economic development is not always favorable. Some argue that foreign aids in the 1950s and 1960s distorted economic structure in Korea and delayed economic independence (Hong 1962; Yi 1987). Some pointed out that the distribution of foreign aids was not effective (Krueger 1977; Cho 1996; Kim 1999). Nevertheless, those studies do not provide enough empirical evidence to conclude the effectiveness of foreign aids in Korea. The study aims to provide more reliable empirical evidence by looking into historical micro data on foreign aids, which have been rarely used in previous studies. In particular, this study plans to examine the role of foreign aids in industrialization in Korea. After the Korea War, US foreign assistance agencies---FOA (Foreign Operations Administration) and ICA (International Cooperation Administration)---provided aids to rebuild Korean economy. FOA/ICA aids are divided into two types: project and non-project assistance. Project aids were intended to improve social infrastructure such as sanitation, education and transportation. Non-project aids were more related to industrialization because various kinds of economic resources, including fuel, industrial raw material and machinery, was distributed among Korean industries and firms in the late 1950s and 1960s. Therefore, it is necessary to study how non-project assistance affected Korean economic development for better understanding the effectiveness of foreign aids not only in Korean perspective, but also in the general aspect of development economics. The specific questions that this study tries to answer are as follows: [1] Was the allocation of foreign aid in the 1950s competitive, fair, and efficient? [2] How much did the foreign aid in the 1950s contribute to firmsโ€™ survival and performance in later years? In the purpose of our study, it is key to have detailed information on Korean firms which received the benefit of foreign aids. Fortunately, such information was recorded in some government reports issued or received by US FOA/ICA: 1) Small Business Circular, 2) Weekly Report of Sub-authorizations, 3) Daily report on Allocation of ICA Funds. We found that those reports are available in US NARA (National Archives and Records Administration), University of Washington Library. Our research team has collected the information on those historical records with the support of KDI School of Public Policy and Management. Especially, our research team visited NARA twice, took photos of about 6,000 pages in the records, and digitized them. In addition to the micro-level data, we also collected some historical statistics on foreign aids from yearbooks of the Bank of Korea and the Korea International Trade Association and Korean business directories with firm information. In particular, we used Daily Report, which contains bidding results at the firm-level, as an important data source. I matched Daily Report with several Korean-language business directories that contain information on firm characteristics. The analysis revealed that the allocation of the major part of aid funds was more competitive and fair than what was depicted by previous research. The rule of bidding was actually implemented, which greatly reduced the room for discretionary intervention by the government or collusion among firms. The fact that larger firms were allocated more rent does not need to be interpreted as indicative of allocative inefficiency, although a more rigorous analysis is needed in order to be able to speak of the efficiency of aid with confidence. Our analysis also found out that firms that earned more rent, or in other words, a larger amount of financial benefit from the allocation of aid had a larger firm size in the early 1970s even when controlling for firm size in the late 1950s. This relationship persisted even in regression analyses using alternative variables. Such a result indicates that aid had a positive impact on the growth of Korean firms. Although the size of rent was found to have no significant effect on the firmsโ€™ rate or return, this is likely because the rate of return of a firm at a certain point of time is affected primarily by the specific characteristics of the business category or market situation rather than by its actual business competence

    Considerations for the successful 'Rainwater For Drinking' project in developing countries: Case study of Vietnam

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    ํ•™์œ„๋…ผ๋ฌธ (์„์‚ฌ)-- ์„œ์šธ๋Œ€ํ•™๊ต ๋Œ€ํ•™์› : ๊ฑด์„คํ™˜๊ฒฝ๊ณตํ•™๋ถ€, 2016. 8. ํ•œ๋ฌด์˜.๊ฐœ๋ฐœ๋„์ƒ๊ตญ์˜ ๋ฌผ ๋ฌธ์ œ๋Š” ์ˆ˜์ž์›์˜ ๋ถ€์ ์ ˆํ•œ ๊ด€๋ฆฌ, ๋น ๋ฅธ ๋„์‹œํ™” ๋ฐ ์ธ๊ตฌ์ฆ๊ฐ€์— ๋”ฐ๋ผ ๋”์šฑ ์•…ํ™”๋˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค. ๋น—๋ฌผ์‹์ˆ˜ํ™”์‹œ์„ค์€ ์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ๋ฌธ์ œ์ ์„ ๊ทน๋ณตํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์„ ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ๊ธฐ๋Œ€๋˜์ง€๋งŒ, ๊ฐœ๋ฐœ๋„์ƒ๊ตญ์—์„œ๋Š” ๋น—๋ฌผ์„ ์‹์ˆ˜๋กœ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์ธ์‹์ด ๋ถ€์กฑํ•˜๊ณ , ๊ณผ๊ฑฐ์˜ ๋น—๋ฌผ์‹์ˆ˜ํ™”์‹œ์„ค ์‚ฌ์—…์—์„œ ๊ธฐ์ˆ ์ , ๊ฒฝ์ œ์ , ์‚ฌํšŒ์ ์ธ ๋ฌธ์ œ์ ์„ ๊ฒฝํ—˜ํ•˜์—ฌ ๋น—๋ฌผ์„ ์‹์ˆ˜๋กœ ํ™œ์šฉํ•˜๋Š” ๋น—๋ฌผ์‹์ˆ˜ํ™”์‹œ์„ค์„ ๋งŽ์ด ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์ง€ ์•Š๋‹ค. ๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ ๋ณธ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์—์„œ๋Š” ๋ฒ ํŠธ๋‚จ ํ˜„์ง€ ๋น—๋ฌผ์‹์ˆ˜ํ™”์‹œ์„ค ์‚ฌ์—…์ง€์— ์„ค์น˜๋œ ๋น—๋ฌผ์‹์ˆ˜ํ™”์‹œ์„ค์„ ๋Œ€์ƒ์œผ๋กœ ํ˜„์žฅ์กฐ์‚ฌ๋ฅผ ์‹ค์‹œํ•˜์˜€์œผ๋ฉฐ, ๋น—๋ฌผ์‹์ˆ˜ํ™”์‹œ์„ค ์‚ฌ์—…๊ณผ ์ง์ ‘์ ์œผ๋กœ ๊ด€๋ จ์ด ์žˆ๋Š” ์ •๋ถ€, ๋ฏผ๊ฐ„, ์ง€์—ญ์ฃผ๋ฏผ์„ ๋Œ€์ƒ์œผ๋กœ ์„ค๋ฌธ์กฐ์‚ฌ์™€ ๋ฉด๋‹ด์„ ์‹ค์‹œํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ํ˜„์žฅ, ์„ค๋ฌธ, ๋ฉด๋‹ด ์กฐ์‚ฌ์—์„œ ๋น—๋ฌผ์‹์ˆ˜ํ™”์‹œ์„ค ์‚ฌ์—…์˜ ์„ฑ๊ณต์„ ์ €ํ•ดํ•˜๋Š” ์š”์†Œ๋Š” ํฌ๊ฒŒ ๊ธฐ์ˆ ์  ์š”์†Œ, ๊ฒฝ์ œ์  ์š”์†Œ, ์‚ฌํšŒ์  ์š”์†Œ๋กœ ๋„์ถœ๋˜์—ˆ์œผ๋ฉฐ, ์‚ฌํšŒ์  ์š”์†Œ๋Š” ์ •์ฑ…, ์ดํ•ด๊ด€๊ณ„์ž์˜ ์—ญํ•  ์ธ์‹์„ ํฌํ•จํ–ˆ๋‹ค. ๋น—๋ฌผ์‹์ˆ˜ํ™”์‹œ์„ค ์‚ฌ์—…์„ ์„ฑ๊ณต์ ์œผ๋กœ ์ด๋Œ๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด์„œ๋Š” 1) ์‹œ์„ค ๊ด€๋ฆฌ์ž์˜ ์ง€์ •๊ณผ ๊ตฌ์ฒด์ ์ธ ๊ธฐ์ˆ ์  ์„œ๋ฅ˜์˜ ์ œ๊ณต, 2) ๋น—๋ฌผ ์ˆ˜์งˆ์ธก์ • ํ•ญ๋ชฉ๊ณผ ํ•„ํ„ฐ์˜ ๊ฐ„์†Œํ™”, 3) ์ •์ฑ…์˜ ๊ฐœ์„  ๋ฐ ์—ญํ• ๋ถ„๋‹ด์„ ํ†ตํ•œ ์‚ฌ์—… ํ˜‘๋ ฅ์„ ์ œ์‹œํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ๋ณธ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋Š” ๋ฒ ํŠธ๋‚จ์˜ ๋น—๋ฌผ์‹์ˆ˜ํ™”์‹œ์„ค ์‚ฌ์—…์—์„œ์˜ ์ •๋ถ€, ๋ฏผ๊ฐ„, ์ง€์—ญ์ฃผ๋ฏผ์˜ ๋ฐ”๋žŒ์งํ•œ ์—ญํ• ์„ ๊ทœ๋ช…ํ•จ์œผ๋กœ์„œ ๊ฐœ๋ฐœ๋„์ƒ๊ตญ์˜ ๋น—๋ฌผ์‹์ˆ˜ํ™”์‹œ์„ค ์‚ฌ์—…์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๊ธฐ์ดˆ์ž๋ฃŒ๋กœ ์‚ฌ์šฉ๋  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์œผ๋ฉฐ, ์„ฑ๊ณต์ ์ธ ๋น—๋ฌผ์‹์ˆ˜ํ™”์‹œ์„ค ์‚ฌ์—…์˜ ํ™œ์„ฑํ™”๋ฅผ ์ด๋Œ์–ด ๋‚ผ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์„ ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ์ƒ๊ฐ๋œ๋‹ค.1. ์„œ๋ก  1 1.1. ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์˜ ํ•„์š”์„ฑ๊ณผ ๋ชฉ์  1 1.2. ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์˜ ๋ฒ”์œ„ ๋ฐ ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ• 3 2. ์ด๋ก ์  ๋ฐฐ๊ฒฝ 4 2.1. ๋น—๋ฌผ์‹์ˆ˜ํ™”์‹œ์„ค 4 2.2. ๊ตญ์ œ๊ฐœ๋ฐœํ˜‘๋ ฅ๊ณผ ์ˆ˜์ž์›๋ถ„์•ผ์˜ ๋™ํ–ฅ 10 3. ์ดํ•ด๊ด€๊ณ„์ž์˜ ์ธ์‹ ์กฐ์‚ฌ ๋ถ„์„ 22 3.1. ์„ค๋ฌธ๊ณผ ๋ฉด๋‹ด ์กฐ์‚ฌ ๊ฐœ์š” 22 3.2. ์กฐ์‚ฌ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ ๋ถ„์„ 28 4. ๋น—๋ฌผ์‹์ˆ˜ํ™”์‹œ์„ค ์‚ฌ์—…์˜ ์„ฑ๊ณต ์ œํ•œ ์š”์†Œ 47 4.1. ๊ธฐ์ˆ ์  ์š”์†Œ 47 4.2. ๊ฒฝ์ œ์  ์š”์†Œ 50 4.3. ์‚ฌํšŒ์  ์š”์†Œ 52 5. ๋น—๋ฌผ์‹์ˆ˜ํ™”์‹œ์„ค ์‚ฌ์—…์˜ ์„ฑ๊ณต ์กฐ๊ฑด 55 5.1. ๊ธฐ์ˆ ์  ๋ฐฉ์•ˆ 55 5.2. ๊ฒฝ์ œ์  ๋ฐฉ์•ˆ 57 5.3. ์‚ฌํšŒ์  ๋ฐฉ์•ˆ 62 6. ๊ฒฐ๋ก  65 ์ฐธ๊ณ ๋ฌธํ—Œ 67 ๋ถ€๋ก 73 Abstract 77Maste
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