Edmund Husserl, Filozofija kao stroga znanost i druge rasprave

Prikaz knjige Edmund Husserl, Filozofija kao stroga znanost i druge rasprave, preveo i pogovor napisao Ante Pažanin, Naklada Ljevak, Zagreb 2003, 303 str

The New Science of Virtues

Although Vico\u2019s New Science (NS) has been interpreted from the standpoint of practical philosophy, his treatment of moral virtues has largely been overlooked. I show the pivotal role they play in the NS, where the history of humankind is the story of how vices and virtues unfold, and the domain of free will is centered on the possibility of making virtues of the passions. This sheds new light on such notions as the \u201cheterogony of ends\u201d; the relationship between \u201cbestioni\u201d and humankind; and the threat of the \u201cbarbarism of reflection\u201d. Also, it allows us to focus on fictional, mythological and historical figures, which are exemplary for their virtues/vices and which provide an insight into the way virtues shape the stages of history. After presenting an overview of some of Vico\u2019s sources, I argue that he engages in a close dialogue with the Aristotelian tradition and interprets moral virtues as a historical framework and a hermeneutical tool, suitable for assessing the moral stages of human historical evolution on the route to and from civilisation

Mapiranje zenskih studijev in studijev spola v akademskem polju v Sloveniji

The aim of the present paper is to map the development of women’s and gender studies (WGS) in the academic field in Slovenia. Slovenia is the first of the former Yugoslav state republics in which WGS have succeeded in entering the academic field and becoming part of institutionalized university study. In this paper we will ask the following questions: How, when and why did this happen? How was this connected to women’s and feminist movements and politics regarding women’s issues and demands? What were the obstacles in this process? Who were the agents and what were the factors that supported demands for the incorporation of WGS in academia? How has the field evolved in the last few decades? What were the phases of this development? Which fields were the forerunners, which were the late-comers and which are still left aside? What are the thematic scopes taught in WGS courses? In which degrees are the courses offered and what are their modules? Who teaches them? The mapping in this paper is mainly based on primary sources of university programmes and their curricula at faculties of the University of Ljubljana, as well as on interviews with important agents in the field. (DIPF/Orig.

Vrijednosni okvir društvenih percepcija znanosti

Ovaj rad predstavlja komparaciju vrijednosnih orijentacija hrvatskog društva i njegovu (javnu) sliku spoznajnih mogućnosti i društvene uloge znanosti u rješavanju društvenih i svekolikih drugih problema i izazova čovjekove egzistencije. Temelji se na iskazima ispitanika koji su predstavljali reprezentativni uzorak punoljetnoga hrvatskog stanovništva (2.220), anketiran 2004. godine. Metodološko uporište za izbor čestica vezanih uz percepciju znanosti bila su istraživanja američke agencije za znanost (National Science Foundation) o društvenim učincima znanosti, te britansko-bugarska studija o spoznajnoj naravi znanosti. Skale vrijednosnih orijentacija konstruirane su na temelju faktoriziranih čestica iz upitnika primarnom komponentnom analizom s varimax rotacijom. Dobivena slika znanosti u najširoj hrvatskoj javnosti bila je satkana od triju međusobno prožetih i istovremeno suprotstavljenih viđenja znanosti. Suživot optimističkog, skeptičnog i konzervativnog pogleda na znanost promatrali smo u okrilju društvenog vrijednosnog sustava u kojemu su visoko kotirale dvije tradicionalne vrednote: etatizam i patriotizam ; nešto niže - vrednote ekonomskog i političkog liberalizma, a najniže, vrednote etnocentrizma, patrijarhalizma i autoritarizma. U sučeljavanju općega vrijednosnog sustava s vrijednosnim prosuđivanjima znanosti prepoznati su nešto dublji korijeni znanstvenog konzervativizma u tradicionalnim ili retradicionaliziranim vrednotama, dok je prevladavajući optimistički stav prema znanosti ostao vrijednosno mnogo neodređeniji. On se nešto značajnije vezivao tek uz vrednote liberalizma. (IN ENGLISH: This article shows the comparison of value orientations in the Croatian society and the public image of cognitive potential and social role of science in solving social and other problems and challenges of human existence. It is based on attitudes of a sample of 2,220 respondents who represent adult (18+) Croatian population and who were surveyed in 2004. Items used for measuring the perception of social impact of science were based on the National Science Foundation questionnaire and items used for measuring cognitive potential of science were based on one British-Bulgarian study. Value orientation scales were constructed based on factors which were the result of the principal component analysis using varimax rotation. In the public image of science in Croatia, three correlated and at the same time conflicting perceptions of science were intertwined. The co-existence of optimistic, sceptical and conservative view of science was examined in the social system of values in which two traditional patterns were highly valued - etatism and patriotism, slightly less valued was economic and political liberalism and the least valued were ethnocentrism, patriarchalism and authoritarianism. Correlations between general value patterns and perceptions of science showed that scientific conservatism had deeper roots in traditional or retraditionalised values, while the prevailing optimistic attitude towards science was less determined by value patterns. It was correlated to a greater extent only with liberal values.

Decision Making: A Computer-Science and Information-Technology Viewpoint

We address the phenomenon of decision making from the viewpoint of computer science and information technology. The basic question from this viewpoint is: what can the computer offer to decision makers and how it can support their work? Therefore, the main issue is to provide support to people who make complex decisions. In this article, we first present the taxonomy of disciplines that are concerned with methodological and operational aspects of decision support. At the main level, we distinguish between decision sciences, which are concerned with human decision making, and decision systems, which address computer decision making. This is followed by basic definitions related to decision processes and their components. We also describe properties that characterise different classes of decision problems. In the main part of the article, we present three prevailing approaches to decision support and give illustrative examples of their application: decision analysis, operational research, and decision support systems. Finally, we make a short overview of the area of decision systems and its achievements.decision making, decision sciences, decision support, decision analysis, decision systems