VP-Ellipsis is not licensed by VP-Topicalization

Starting from the observation that the constraints on VP-ellipsis (VPE) closely match those on VP-topicalization (VPT), Johnson (2001) proposes a movement account for VPE: in order for a VP to be deleted, it must first undergo topicalization. We show that although this proposal is attractive, making VPE dependent on VPT is problematic because VPE and VPT are not distributionally equivalent. While VPT targets the left periphery and consequently is subject to constraints on movement, VPE is not so restricted. We outline some alternatives for capturing the observed parallelism in the licensing of VPT and VPE

Design and evaluation of a virtual gearshift application

When a customer buys a new car, he or she wants it to address personal preferences with respect to its driving behavior. By utilizing virtual reality technology, a virtual prototyping environment (VPE) can be created in which the behavior of a vehicle or part of a vehicle can be evaluated and adjusted to match the driver's desires. This paper describes the design and the evaluation of a VPE for manually operated gearboxes. The test group considered the simulated "virtual" gearshift feel to be quite similar to the "real" gearshift feel of a test vehicle. By further developing this VPE, it should become possible to define gearshift feel by customer assessment through haptic simulation, after which the physical gearbox is designed in such a way that it matches the preferred shifting behavior

OM-VPE grown materials for high efficiency solar cells

Organometallic sources are available for all the III-V elements and a variety of dopants; thus it is possible to use the technique to grow a wide variety of semiconductor compounds. AlGaAsSb and AlGaInAs alloys for multijunction monolithic solar cells were grown by OM-VPE. While the effort concentrated on terrestrial applications, the success of OM-VPE grown GaAs/AlGaAs concentrator solar cells (23% at 400 suns) demonstrates that OM-VPE is suitable for growing high efficiency solar cells in large quantities for space applications. In addition, OM-VPE offers the potential for substantial cost reduction of photovoltaic devices with scale up and automation and due to high process yield from reproducible, uniform epitaxial growths with excellent surface morphology

Spectral Methods for Coupled Channels with a Mass Gap

We develop a method to compute the vacuum polarization energy for coupled scalar fields with different masses scattering off a background potential in one space dimension. As an example we consider the vacuum polarization energy of a kink-like soliton built from two real scalar fields with different mass parameters.Comment: 14 pages, 5 figures, matches journal version, references added (surprisingly many

Collisionless reconnection using Alfvén wave radiation resistance

Patchy magnetic reconnection involves transient field-aligned current filaments. The spatial localization, transient time-dependence, and orientation of these current filaments means they must radiate torsional Alfvén waves. Radiation of wave energy does not come for free—it must load the current which acts as the radiative source. This loading (radiation resistance) is proposed as the energy sink required for collisionless magnetic reconnection to proceed. Radiation resistance for both inertial and kinetic Alfvén waves is calculated and, for highly collisionless plasmas, is shown to exceed by a substantial factor both Spitzer resistivity and the effective resistance due to the direct acceleration of electrons (inertial loading). The radiation resistivity is shown to provide the magnetic field diffusivity required for magnetic fields to diffuse across the assumed width of the current filament on the time scale of the reconnection. It is also shown that Landau damping of the radiated waves results in the generation of energetic, field-aligned particles: in the beta << me/mi regime the energetic particles are electrons while in the me/mi << beta << 1 regime, the energetic particles are ions

Vacuum Polarization Energy for General Backgrounds in One Space Dimension

For field theories in one time and one space dimensions we propose an efficient method to compute the vacuum polarization energy of static field configurations that do not allow a decomposition into symmetric and anti--symmetric channels. The method also applies to scenarios in which the masses of the quantum fluctuations at positive and negative spatial infinity are different. As an example we compute the vacuum polarization energy of the kink soliton in the $\phi^6$ model. We link the dependence of this energy on the position of the soliton to the different masses.Comment: Eight pages, corrections from proof-reading implemente