Vitis: A Gossip-based Hybrid Overlay for Internet-scale Publish/Subscribe

Peer-to-peer overlay networks are attractive solutions for building Internet-scale publish/subscribe systems. However, scalability comes with a cost: a message published on a certain topic often needs to traverse a large number of uninterested (unsubscribed) nodes before reaching all its subscribers. This might sharply increase resource consumption for such relay nodes (in terms of bandwidth transmission cost, CPU, etc) and could ultimately lead to rapid deterioration of the system’s performance once the relay nodes start dropping the messages or choose to permanently abandon the system. In this paper, we introduce Vitis, a gossip-based publish/subscribe system that significantly decreases the number of relay messages, and scales to an unbounded number of nodes and topics. This is achieved by the novel approach of enabling rendezvous routing on unstructured overlays. We construct a hybrid system by injecting structure into an otherwise unstructured network. The resulting structure resembles a navigable small-world network, which spans along clusters of nodes that have similar subscriptions. The properties of such an overlay make it an ideal platform for efficient data dissemination in large-scale systems. We perform extensive simulations and evaluate Vitis by comparing its performance against two base-line publish/subscribe systems: one that is oblivious to node subscriptions, and another that exploits the subscription similarities. Our measurements show that Vitis significantly outperforms the base-line solutions on various subscription and churn scenarios, from both synthetic models and real-world traces

Ethanol triggers grape gene expression leading to anthocyanin accumulation during berry ripening

Recent studies have shown that low doses of ethanol stimulate the maturation of some fruits. The present work showed that spraying Cabernet Sauvignon grapes, with 5% ethanol at veraison enhances the anthocyanin accumulation. Veraison is the time when the berries turn from green to purple. HPLC analysis showed a marked increase in the total concentrations of the derivatives of delphinidin, cyanidin, petunidin, peonidin and malvidin from the fourth day after the ethanol treatment until harvest. This was not linked to a difference in berry weight in comparison to controls. Two distinct expression patterns were found for anthocyanin biosynthesis genes in the treated and untreated berries. For one group, consisting of chalcone synthase, flavanone-3-hydroxylase, dihydroxyflavonol-4-reductase and leucoanthocyanidin dioxygenase, the expression was inhibited or unchanged by the ethanol treatment, whereas for UDP glucose-flavonoid 3-O-glucosyltransferase (UFGT) there was a marked increase in expression from 1 to 20 days after ethanol treatment. These results suggest that the UFGT gene is a key factor in the observed anthocyanin accumulation following ethanol treatment

Gombarezisztencia gének térképezése szőlőben = Mapping resistance genes against fungi in grapevine

Lisztharmat (PM) és peronoszpóra (DM) rezisztencia génekkel kapcsolt markerek szelekcióra való alkalmasságát vizsgáltuk szőlő inter-és intraspecifikus térképezési populációiban. Az interspecifikus hibridek a Muscadina rotundifolia x Vitis vinfera BC4 Cardinal, Kismis moldavszkij és Kismis vatkana fajtákkal előállított BC5 nemzedékei voltak. A M. rotundifolia az ismert RUN1 (PM) és az RPV1 (DM) domináns rezisztencia géneket tartalmazza. A BC5 nemzedékekben 1 CAPS és 3 SSR markerrel hatékonyan szelektáltuk a rezisztens genotípusokat. A V. vinifera fajták általában fogékonyak a lisztharmatra, de a fogékonyságuk eltérő. A Dzsandzsal karát írták le először PM rezisztens fajtaként, később azonban többet is azonosítottak, köztük a Kismis vatkanát, rezisztencia génjüket azonban nem jellemezték. A Nimrang x Kismis vatkana hibrid család elemzése során bebizonyosodott, hogy a Kismis vatkana PM génje, amelyet REN1-nek neveztek el, nem azonos a RUN1-gyel. A 13-as kromoszómára térképeződött, míg a RUN1 a 12-re. A REN1 körül azonosított 3 SSR markerrel genotipizáltuk a Génuai zamatos x Kismis vatkana és BC4 x Kismis vatkana utódokat. Az utóbbi család egyedei közül RUN1/REN1 piramidált genotípusokat szelektáltunk. Az azonos fenotípust meghatározó piramidált géneket tartalmazó növények azonosítása csak DNS-szintű elemzéssel lehetséges. A MAS hatékonyságának növelésére multiplex PCR módszert dolgoztunk ki. A REN1-gyel kapcsolt marker SSR profil alapján a Dzsandzsal kara is REN1 gént hordoz. | For validating markers linked to powdery (PM) and downy (DM) mildew resistance genes, applying them in marker assisted selection (MAS) we analyzed mapping populations, deriving from interspecific crosses of Vitis vinifera with Muscadinia rotundifolia carrying the dominant RUN1 (PM) and RPV1 (DM) resistance genes. One CAPS and 3 SSR markers proved to be adequate for selecting RUN1/RPV1 genotypes in the (M. rotundifolia x V. vinifera) BC4 x Cardinal, BC4 x Kishmish moldavskij and BC4 x Kishmish vatkana families. Kishmish vatkana is a PM resistant V. vinifera cultivar such as Dzhandzhal kara. Involving V. vinifera resistance genes into breeding gives the chance to avoid interspecific crosses. Analysis of a Nimrang x Kishmis vatkana progeny proved that PM resistance gene of Kishmish vatkana, called REN1, is different from RUN1. REN1 mapped into linkage group/LG 13, while RUN1 is in LG12. Three SSR markers were identified around the REN1 locus and applied for MAS in Génuai zamatos x Kishmis vatkana and BC4 x Kishmish vatkana hybrids. In this latter cross we proved the presence of the pyramided PM resistance genes. Plants carrying both RUN1 and REN1 for the same phenotype can be identified only with DNA analysis. This is the first time when SSR markers linked to REN1 were used for MAS. We elaborated a multiplex PCR method suitable for agarose electrophoresis. SSR profiles in REN1 linked loci suggest that Kismish vatkana and Dzhandzhal kara possess the same REN1 PM resistance gene

Ecological Aspects and Conservation of Wild Grapevine Populations in the S.W. of the Iberian Peninsula

Populations of wild grapevine, Vitis vinifera L. subsp. sylvestris (Gmelin) Hegi, were discovered in S.W. of the Iberian Peninsula over the last years. Location, ecological aspects, sanitary characteristics, including the ELISA test to detect specific virus attack, are described. In vitro propagation and conservation are also considered. The paper also contains a global description of female and male individuals. This material could be used to start breeding programs of cultivated varieties and also to restore riverbank forests, which constitute one of the worst preserved ecosystems in the area

Transcriptome profiling of grapevine seedless segregants during berry development reveals candidate genes associated with berry weight

Indexación: Web of Science; PubMedBackground Berry size is considered as one of the main selection criteria in table grape breeding programs. However, this is a quantitative and polygenic trait, and its genetic determination is still poorly understood. Considering its economic importance, it is relevant to determine its genetic architecture and elucidate the mechanisms involved in its expression. To approach this issue, an RNA-Seq experiment based on Illumina platform was performed (14 libraries), including seedless segregants with contrasting phenotypes for berry weight at fruit setting (FST) and 6–8 mm berries (B68) phenological stages. Results A group of 526 differentially expressed (DE) genes were identified, by comparing seedless segregants with contrasting phenotypes for berry weight: 101 genes from the FST stage and 463 from the B68 stage. Also, we integrated differential expression, principal components analysis (PCA), correlations and network co-expression analyses to characterize the transcriptome profiling observed in segregants with contrasting phenotypes for berry weight. After this, 68 DE genes were selected as candidate genes, and seven candidate genes were validated by real time-PCR, confirming their expression profiles. Conclusions We have carried out the first transcriptome analysis focused on table grape seedless segregants with contrasting phenotypes for berry weight. Our findings contributed to the understanding of the mechanisms involved in berry weight determination. Also, this comparative transcriptome profiling revealed candidate genes for berry weight which could be evaluated as selection tools in table grape breeding programs.http://bmcplantbiol.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/s12870-016-0789-

Third-codon transversion rate-based _Nymphaea_ basal angiosperm phylogeny -- concordance with developmental evidence

Flowering plants (angiosperms) appeared on Earth rather suddenly approximately 130 million years ago and underwent a massive expansion in the subsequent 10-12 million years. Current molecular phylogenies have predominantly identified _Amborella_, followed by _Nymphaea_ (water lilies) or _Amborella_ plus _Nymphaea_, in the ANITA clade (_Amborella_, Nymphaeales, Illiciaceae, Trimeniaceae and Austrobaileyaceae) as the earliest angiosperm. However, developmental studies suggest that the earliest angiosperm had a 4-cell/4-nucleus female gametophyte and a diploid endosperm represented by _Nymphaea_, suggesting that _Amborella_, having an 8-cell/9-nucleus female gametophyte and a triploid endosperm, cannot be representative of the basal angiosperm. This evolution-development discordance is possibly caused by erroneous inference based on phylogenetic signals with low neutrality and/or high saturation. Here we show that the 3rd codon transversion (P3Tv), with high neutrality and low saturation, is a robust high-resolution phylogenetic signal for such divergences and that the P3Tv-based land plant phylogeny cautiously identifies _Nymphaea_, followed by _Amborella_, as the most basal among the angiosperm species examined in this study. This P3Tv-based phylogeny contributes insights to the origin of angiosperms with concordance to fossil and stomata development evidence

El ácido abscísico y metil jasmonato modulan la acumulación de antocianinas y trans-resveratrol en hollejos de bayas de cinco cultivares tintos de Vitis vinifera en dos regiones vitícolas contrastantes de Mendoza, Argentina

Los hollejos de las uvas tintas contienen cantidades significativas de polifenoles que contribuyen a la calidad del vino y proporcionan beneficios para la salud. Estos compuestos pueden ser elicitados por hormonas vegetales. El objetivo de este trabajo fue aumentar el contenido de antocianinos (ANT) y trans-resveratrol (T-RES) mediante la aplicación de ácido abscísico (ABA) y jasmonato de metilo (MeJA) en 5 V. vinifera cvs. (Bonarda, Malbec, Syrah, Cabernet Sauvignon y Pinot Noir), en dos contrastantes regiones vitícolas argentinas (Santa Rosa y Valle de Uco). Los resultados mostraron un efecto positivo y diferencial de ABA y MeJA en el contenido total de ANT para los diversos cultivares, con cambios en las proporciones de ANT azul y rojo. ABA aumentó los ANT totales en ambas regiones vitícolas, mientras que MeJA tuvo un efecto positivo solo en Santa Rosa. Además, ABA y MeJA indujeron una acumulación de T-RES en diferentes cultivares, independientemente de la región; la acumulación de T-RES provocada por ABA ha sido previamente reportada. Este trabajo pone de manifiesto la posibilidad de utilizar estas hormonas como herramientas prácticas para producir vinos tintos de alta calidad en dos regiones vitícolas contrastantes.Berry skins from red grape cultivars contain significant amounts of polyphenols that contribute to wine quality and provide health benefits. These compounds can be elicited by plant hormones. The aim of this work was to increase the content of anthocyanins (ANT) and trans-resveratrol (T-RES) by application of abscisic acid (ABA) and methyl jasmonate (MeJA) in five red V. vinifera cvs. (Bonarda, Malbec, Syrah, Cabernet Sauvignon, and Pinot Noir), in two Argentinean contrasting growing regions (Santa Rosa and Valle de Uco). Results showed positive and differential effects of ABA and MeJA on the total ANT content for the diverse cultivars with changes in the proportions of blue and red ANT. ABA increased total ANT in both viticultural region, while MeJA had a positive effect only in Santa Rosa. Also, ABA and MeJA induced an accumulation of T-RES in different cultivars, regardless of the region; T-RES accumulation elicited by ABA was not previously described. This work brings out the possibility to use these hormones as practical tools to produce high-quality red wines in two contrasting viticultural regions.Fil: Malovini, Emiliano Jesus. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Mendoza. Instituto de Biología Agrícola de Mendoza. Universidad Nacional de Cuyo. Facultad de Ciencias Agrarias. Instituto de Biología Agrícola de Mendoza; ArgentinaFil: Arancibia, Celeste. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Mendoza. Instituto de Biología Agrícola de Mendoza. Universidad Nacional de Cuyo. Facultad de Ciencias Agrarias. Instituto de Biología Agrícola de Mendoza; ArgentinaFil: Duran, Martin Francisco. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Mendoza. Instituto de Biología Agrícola de Mendoza. Universidad Nacional de Cuyo. Facultad de Ciencias Agrarias. Instituto de Biología Agrícola de Mendoza; ArgentinaFil: Fontana, Ariel Ramón. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Mendoza. Instituto de Biología Agrícola de Mendoza. Universidad Nacional de Cuyo. Facultad de Ciencias Agrarias. Instituto de Biología Agrícola de Mendoza; ArgentinaFil: de Rosas, María Inés. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Mendoza. Instituto de Biología Agrícola de Mendoza. Universidad Nacional de Cuyo. Facultad de Ciencias Agrarias. Instituto de Biología Agrícola de Mendoza; Argentina. Universidad Nacional de Cuyo. Facultad de Ciencias Agrarias; ArgentinaFil: Deis, Leonor. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Mendoza. Instituto de Biología Agrícola de Mendoza. Universidad Nacional de Cuyo. Facultad de Ciencias Agrarias. Instituto de Biología Agrícola de Mendoza; Argentina. Universidad Nacional de Cuyo. Facultad de Ciencias Agrarias; ArgentinaFil: Gargantini, Raquel. Instituto Nacional de Vitivinicultura. - Ministerio de Producción y Trabajo. Secretaria de Gobierno de Agroindustria. Instituto Nacional de Vitivinicultura; ArgentinaFil: Bottini, Ambrosio Rubén. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Mendoza. Instituto de Biología Agrícola de Mendoza. Universidad Nacional de Cuyo. Facultad de Ciencias Agrarias. Instituto de Biología Agrícola de Mendoza; Argentina. Universidad Juan Agustín Maza. Área de Ciencia y Técnica; ArgentinaFil: Cavagnaro, Juan Bruno. Universidad Nacional de Cuyo. Facultad de Ciencias Agrarias; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Mendoza. Instituto de Biología Agrícola de Mendoza. Universidad Nacional de Cuyo. Facultad de Ciencias Agrarias. Instituto de Biología Agrícola de Mendoza; ArgentinaFil: Martínez, Liliana Estela. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Mendoza. Instituto de Biología Agrícola de Mendoza. Universidad Nacional de Cuyo. Facultad de Ciencias Agrarias. Instituto de Biología Agrícola de Mendoza; Argentin

Assessing the identity of the variety "Pedro Giménez" grown in Argentina through the use of microsatellite markers.

'Pedro Giménez' es una variedad criolla blanca cultivada en Argentina, principalmente en las provincias de Mendoza y San Juan, siendo la variedad con la mayor superficie entre las uvas blancas de vinificación. Su origen es desconocido, como también su relación con la variedad española 'Pedro Ximénez', cultivada especialmente en la región de Jerez, España. En trabajos previos se ha probado que la mayoría de las variedades criollas existentes en América se habrían originado del cruzamiento de 'Moscatel de Alejandría' x 'Criolla Chica'. El presente trabajo tuvo como objetivos comparar las variedades 'Pedro Giménez' y 'Pedro Ximénez', y establecer relaciones de parentesco con 'Moscatel de Alejandría' y 'Criolla Chica'. Se utilizaron 18 loci microsatélites nucleares y 3 loci microsatélites de cloroplasto. 'Pedro Giménez' compartió sólo el 38% de los alelos con 'Pedro Ximénez', por lo que se pudo inferir que se trata de variedades diferentes. En todos los loci polimórficos nucleares analizados 'Pedro Giménez' compartió uno de los alelos con 'Moscatel de Alejandría' y el otro con 'Criolla Chica'. Estos datos, junto con el resultado del análisis de SSR de cloroplastos, avalan la hipótesis que, como muchas de las variedades criollas, 'Pedro Giménez' sería fruto del cruzamiento entre estos dos progenitores, siendo 'Criolla Chica' probablemente el progenitor materno.´Pedro Giménez´ is a white criolla variety cropped in Argentina, mainly in Mendoza and San Juan, being the most planted white variety destined for wine making in the country. Its origin remains unknown, as well as its relationship with Spanish variety ´Pedro Ximénez´, mostly grown in Jerez, Spain. Previous works have probed that most of Criollas varieties existing in America at the moment, are the offspring of ´Muscat of Alexandria´ x ´Criolla Chica´. The aim of the present work was to compare ´Pedro Giménez´ with the Spanish variety ´Pedro Ximénez´, and to establish its degree of relatedness to ´Muscat of Alexandria´ and ´Criolla Chica´. Therefore we used a set of 18 nuclear SSR loci and 3 chloroplast SSR loci. ´Pedro Giménez´ shared only 38% of the alleles under analysis with ´Pedro Ximénez´, indicating that they are indeed two different varieties. In all 18 polymorphic nuclear SSR loci ´Pedro Giménez´ shared 50% of its alleles with ´Muscat of Alexandria´, while the other 50% of the alleles present in ´Pedro Giménez´ were also present in ´Criolla Chica´. This data, along with those from the chloroplast SSR analysis, strongly suggest that ´Pedro Giménez´ is the progeny of ´Muscat of Alexandria´ x ´Criolla Chica´, being the latest one the most likely female progenitor.Fil: Duran, Martin Francisco. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Mendoza. Instituto de Biología Agrícola de Mendoza. Universidad Nacional de Cuyo. Facultad de Ciencias Agrarias. Instituto de Biología Agrícola de Mendoza; ArgentinaFil: Agüero, Cecilia B.. University of California at Davis; Estados UnidosFil: Martínez, Liliana Estela. Universidad Nacional de Cuyo. Facultad de Ciencias Agrarias. Departamento de Ciencias Biológicas. Cátedra de Fisiología Vegetal; Argentin

Developmental stage is an important factor that determines the antioxidant responses of young and old grapevine leaves under UV irradiation in a green-house.

The impact of UV irradiation was studied on photosynthesis, photosystem II photochemical yields and antioxidant responses using green-house grown grapevine (Vitis vinifera L. cv. Chardonnay) leaves. Supplemental UV irradiation (290-400 nm) was centred in the UV-B region, and corresponded to 8.95 kJ m-2 d-1 global (280-400 nm) or 8.04 kJ m-2 d-1 UV-B (280-315 nm) biologically effective dose. UV irradiation was applied daily and its effects were evaluated after 4-days. Younger (1-3 weeksold) leaves (YL) and older (4-6 weeks-old) leaves (OL) were affected differently, UV irradiation decreased their photochemical yields to 78% and 56%, respectively. Unlike OL, YL responded by an increase in UV-B absorbing pigment, anthocyanin and total phenolics contents. UV irradiation increased total antioxidant capacities in YL but not in OL. YL were also different in their ability to increase speciıic hydroxyl radical and singlet oxygen neutralizing capacities in response to the supplemental UV irradiation, which is reported here for the ıirst time. Our results suggest that the ability of maintaining photosynthesis under supplemental UV is not necessarily determined by base levels of antioxidants but rather by their inducibilities in response to the irradiation and emphasise the importance of comparing leaves of the same age in UV studies. Correlations between various antioxidant capacities, pigment contents and photosynthesis parameters were also examined. However, no single element of the defence system can be picked up as decisive factor of sensitivity to UV

miRVine: a microRNA expression atlas of grapevine based on small RNA sequencing

We analyzed 70 small RNA libraries, prepared from berries, inflorescences, tendrils, buds, carpels, stamens and other samples at different developmental stages. One-hundred and ten known and 175 novel miRNAs have been identified and a wide grapevine expression atlas has been described. The distribution of miRNA abundance reveals that 22 novel miRNAs are specific to stamen, and two of them are, interestingly, involved in ethylene biosynthesis, while only few miRNAs are highly specific to other organs. Thirty-eight miRNAs are present in all our samples, suggesting a role in key regulatory circuit. On the basis of miRNAs abundance and distribution across samples and on the estimated correlation, we suggest that miRNA expression define organ identity. We performed target prediction analysis and focused on miRNA expression analysis in berries and inflorescence during their development, providing an initial functional description of the identified miRNAs