Minimal sets determining universal and phase-covariant quantum cloning

We study the minimal input sets which can determine completely the universal and the phase-covariant quantum cloning machines. We find that the universal quantum cloning machine, which can copy arbitrary input qubit equally well, however can be determined completely by only four input states located at the four vertices of a tetrahedron. The phase-covariant quantum cloning machine, which can copy all qubits located on the equator of the Bloch sphere, can be determined by three equatorial qubits with equal angular distance. These results sharpen further the well-known results that BB84 states and six-states used in quantum cryptography can determine completely the phase-covariant and universal quantum cloning machines. This concludes the study of the power of universal and phase-covariant quantum cloning, i.e., from minimal input sets necessarily to full input sets by definition. This can simplify dramatically the testing of whether the quantum clone machines are successful or not, we only need to check that the minimal input sets can be cloned optimally.Comment: 7 pages, 4 figure

An assessment of the remodelling of bifurcations in hazel (Corylus avellana L.) in response to bracing, drilling and splitting

This paper provides an insight into the ability of bifurcations in hazel trees to remodel themselves after bracing, drilling and splitting. The study uses evidence from field observations and testing the strength of these bifurcations using a universal testing machine alongside wood density tests. This work highlights the importance of the centrally-placed xylem at the apex of hazel forks in supplying tensile strength to the bifurcation. Additionally, it provides evidence that rod-braced bifurcations can atrophy in terms of their tensile strength, growth rate and wood density, suggesting that thigmomorphogenesis plays an important role in the development of a strong bifurcation

Determination of wood strength properties through standard test procedures

In this study a review of existing recognised standards for wood mechanical testing was conducted. This review considers tensile, compressive, bending and shear test methodologies from a range of sources. In addition, values for wood mechanical properties were obtained through controlled experimentation using a universal material testing machine. Selected standard procedures were used to obtain wood strength properties both along and across the grain. These consist of a three point bending procedure used to evaluate the wood strength across the grain and a longitudinal shear procedure used to evaluate the wood strength along the grain. Strength properties obtained through controlled experimentation are compared to values available in existing literature with little discrepancy

Design and test of a magnetic thrust bearing

A magnetic thrust bearing can be employed to take thrust loads in rotating machinery. The design and construction of a prototype magnetic thrust bearing for a high load per weight application is described. The theory for the bearing is developed. Fixtures were designed and the bearing was tested for load capacity using a universal testing machine. Various shims were employed to have known gap thicknesses. A comparison of the theory and measured results is presented

Pengaruh Rasio Diameter Dan Panjang Terhadap Sifat Fisis Dan Mekanis Batang Silindris Dari Sekam Padi

Polymer Matrix Composites(PMC) merupakan jenis material komposit dengan matrik polimer. Pada penelitian ini untuk merekayasa dan menganalisa bagaimana jika sekam padi digunakan sebagai bahan subtitusi serbuk kayu namun untuk pembuatan profil batang silindris. Material yang digunakan sekam padi dengan ukuran mesh 35 dan lem PVAc dengan komposisi 70%:30%. Kemudian profil batang tersebut divariasikan panjang 12 cm, 16 cm, 20 cm dan diameter 3 cm. Kedua bahan yang telah dicampur diberikan perilaku penekanan secara secara continue dengan kecepatan 50 mm/min tanpa adanya kejutan (shock) dengan rasio penekanan 1/3 dari panjang awalnya menggunakan mesin universal testing machine (UTM), setelah tercapai panjang yang diinginkan lalu ditahan selama 15 menit. Setelah ditahan kemudian dikeringkan dengan suhu ruangan sampai didapatkan berat yang sama. Analisis sifat fisis dan mekanis menggunakan mesin universal testing machine (UTM), hasil analisis berupa uji densitas, uji tekan dan uji bending

Universal Image Steganalytic Method

In the paper we introduce a new universal steganalytic method in JPEG file format that is detecting well-known and also newly developed steganographic methods. The steganalytic model is trained by MHF-DZ steganographic algorithm previously designed by the same authors. The calibration technique with the Feature Based Steganalysis (FBS) was employed in order to identify statistical changes caused by embedding a secret data into original image. The steganalyzer concept utilizes Support Vector Machine (SVM) classification for training a model that is later used by the same steganalyzer in order to identify between a clean (cover) and steganographic image. The aim of the paper was to analyze the variety in accuracy of detection results (ACR) while detecting testing steganographic algorithms as F5, Outguess, Model Based Steganography without deblocking, JP Hide&Seek which represent the generally used steganographic tools. The comparison of four feature vectors with different lengths FBS (22), FBS (66) FBS(274) and FBS(285) shows promising results of proposed universal steganalytic method comparing to binary methods

Strength Properties of Preceramic Brazed Joints of a Gold-Palladium Alloy with a Microwave-assisted Oven and Gas/Oxygen Torch Technique

Statement of problem The effect of microwave brazing on the strength properties of dental casting alloys is not yet known. Purpose The purpose of this study was to compare the strength properties of preceramic brazed joints obtained by using a microwave oven and a conventional torch flame for a high noble alloy (Au-Pd). Material and methods A total of 18 tensile bars made of an Au-Pd ceramic alloy were fabricated. Six specimens were cut and joined with a high-fusing preceramic solder in a specially designed microwave oven, and 6 specimens were joined with a conventional natural gas/oxygen torch. The remaining 6 uncut specimens were tested as a control. All the specimens were subjected to testing with a universal testing machine. A 1-way ANOVA was performed for each strength property tested. Results The tensile strength of the uncut group was the highest (745 ±19 MPa), followed by the microwave group (420 ±68 MPa) and the conventional torch group (348 ±103 MPa) (P Conclusions The microwave heating preceramic solder method demonstrated the excellent tensile strength of an Au-Pd alloy and may be an alternative way of joining alloys when a torch flame is contraindicated