Anglicisms in Electrical Engineering Terminology

This paper addresses the problem of increasing penetration of Anglicisms in electrical engineering terminology, with particular emphasis on computer terminology. This widespread phenomenon is part of a larger language process influenced by globalization, in which the boundaries between languages have become less rigid. Furthermore, the problem of their integration into the Croatian language system is analyzed. Examples excerpted from Croatian popular magazines and scientific journals in the field of power engineering and computer science are analyzed in accordance with the work of Rudolf Filipović. Consequently, the analysis is carried out on the level of orthography, phonology, morphology, and semantics, but also on the level of word formation. In the end, standardization issues of Anglicisms are tackled

Transmorphemisation von substantivischen Germanismen in der kajkawischen Schriftsprache

U radu se prikazuju rezultati analize morfološke prilagodbe imeničkih germanizama u kajkavskome književnom jeziku. Transmorfemizacija imenica obuhvaća uključivanje replika u deklinacijske paradigme jezika primatelja te adaptaciju kategorija broja i roda.In der vorliegenden Arbeit werden die Resultate der Analyse von morphologischer Adaptation der substantivischen Germanismen in der kajkawischen Schriftsprache dargestellt. Die Transmorphemisation von Substantiven umfasst die Einordnung von Repliken in Deklinationsparadigmen der Nehmersprache und die Adaptation vom Numerus und Genus

Morfološka adaptacija engleskih imeničkih posuđenica u francuskom jeziku

U članku se obrađuje adaptacija engleskih imeničkih posuđenica na morfološkoj razini prema načelima transmorfemizacije i primarne i sekundarne adaptacije. Analizirajući adaptaciju roda i broja možemo zaključiti da: 1) imenice koje znače što živo u određivanju roda slijede načelo prirodnog roda; imenice koje znače što neživo dobivaju rod prema a) imenič- kim završecima ili nastavcima, b) tendenciji muškoga roda i c) kontaminaciji. 2) u adaptaciji broja najveći broj engleskih posu|enica prolazi kroz potpunu transmorfemizaciju, a jedan se manji broj zadržava na stupnju kompromisne replike. Neke će od ovih posuđenica u sekundarnoj adaptaciji zamijeniti engleski pluralni nastavak francuskim i postati potpuno asimilirane posuđenice u kategoriji broja

Родни стереотипи у језику рекламних порука у женским часописима енглеског и бошњачко/хрватско/српског говорног подручја

Cilj ove disertacije je da istraži odnose između jezika, reklame i roda. Istraživanje je provedeno na reklamama koje se pojavljuju u ženskim časopisima u engleskom i B/H/S govornom području. Skupljeno je ukupno 1241 reklama iz američkog, hrvatskog i srbijanskog časopisa Kozmopolitan (Cosmopolitan) i bosanskog Azra. Temeljita i detaljna analiza tekstualnog i vizuelnog dijela reklame je provedena, a takođe je uspostavljena i veza između ta dva dijela. Dalje je provedena kontrastivna analiza tekstualnog i vizuelnog dijela. Raspravljalo se i o anglicizmima u reklamama u B/H/S govornom području. Međutim, centar istraživanja predstavljaju rodni stereotipi, kao i reprezentacija istih u medijima. Pokazalo se, na temelju istraživanja, da je zapadnjačko društvo otvorenije i da je dostiglo viši nivo evolucije kada su u pitanju ženska prava od B/H/S društ(a)va, koje je još uvijek tradicionalno i njeguje porodične odnose. Stavovi prema tijelu i reprezentaciji istog su isti u obje kulture: ljudska vrsta se mora reprodukovati/produžiti. Starenje i debljina su, s druge strane, tabuizirani i o njima se ne raspravlja. Smatraju se znacima nemogućnosti reprodukcije ljudske vrste i kao takvi su apsolutno zanemareni u medijima. Anglicizmi su izrazito prisutni u reklamama u B/H/S govornom području. Uticaj engleskog jezika je izuzetan u području leksike: riječi, izraza, fraza, idioma i idiomatskih izraza.The aim of this dissertation was to explore a possible relationship between language, advertisement and gender. A research was conducted on advertisements that appear in women's magazines in English and B/C/S speaking areas. A total of 1241 advertisments were collected from the American, Croatian and Serbian magazine for women Cosmopolitan and Bosnian Azra. A thorough and detailed analysis of both verbal and visual parts of advertisements has been conducted, as well as the connection of the two. Further, a contrastive analysis of verbal and visual parts has been conducted also. The issue of Anglicisms has been the subject of exploration as well. The focus of this research, however, was on gender stereotypes and their representation in the media. Western society proved to be more open and has reached a higher level of evolution in favour of women's rights than B/C/S. The latter is still represented as traditional and family-oriented. The attitudes towards bodies and the reproduction process are the same in both societies: human species must be prolonged. Ageing and being overweight, on the other hand, are considered to be taboos. They are considered to be the signs of inability of reproduction, and as such are absolutely neglected in the media. Anglicisms are freqently present in advertisements in B/C/S speaking area. The infuence of English in the area of lexis is extraordinary: words, expressions, phrases, idioms and idiomatic expressions are often copied into B/C/S

Anglicizmi u poslovnim komunikacijama u hrvatskom pomorstvu

Na korpusu poslovnih i svakodnevnih radnih komunikacija u pomorstvu na hrvatskom jeziku utvrđuju se, razvrstavaju i opisuju načini posuđivanja i stupanj prilagodbe engleskih leksič kih elemenata u hrvatskom jeziku. Korpus obuhvaća tekst posredovan isključivo putem faksa i teleksa. Uz kraću analizu ove specifične vrste diskursa u hrvatskom istražuju se osobitosti posu|ivanja stručnoobilježenog leksika iz engleskog jezika. Posebice se obrađuje prilagodba engleskih posuđenica na fonološkoj, morfološkoj i semantičkoj razini

ENGLESKI JEZIČNI ELEMENTI U RAZVITKU HRVATSKOGA POMORSKOG NAZIVLJA

Leksičko posuđivanje je trajno i povremeno intenzivno obilježje povijesnoga razvitka hrvatskoga pomorskog jezika, posebno hrvatskog pomorskog nazivlja. Talijanski su jezični elementi utjecali na pomorski hrvatski jezik u najduljem razdoblju njegova razvitka, tj. od VIII. stoljeća pa sve do Drugoga svjetskoga rata. S druge strane engleski jezični elementi, naročito leksički, dominiraju u novijoj povijesti razvitka hrvatskoga pomorskog jezika, a prvi dokazi za to javljaju se već 1852. godine. Ovaj se rad bavi proučavanjem engleskih jezičnih elemenata u hrvatskom pomorskom nazivlju s posebnim osvrtom na njegove fonološke, morfološke i semantičke promjene. Engleski se jezični elementi u hrvatskom također istražuju u odnosu na tipologiju i narav jezičnih dodira između engleskog i hrvatskoga jezika u pomorstvu.Lexical borrowing has been one of the major features in the historical development of maritime Croatian, and Croatian maritime terminology in particular. The Italian element had influenced maritime Croatian for the most part of its existence, i.e. since 8th century until World War II. The English element has been dominating the development of maritime Croatian in the more recent history, with the first instances of the English influence being recorded as early as 1852. The paper deals with the study of the English element in the Croatian maritime terminology, with particular reference to phonological, morphological and semantic change. Introduction of the English element is also studied in view of the typology of the nature of language contacts between English and Croatian

To the bone: Nouns of Croatian i -declension

Hrvatski ima tri (osnovne) imeniˇcke sklonidbe. Pripadnost koje imenice ai e-sklonidbi u velikoj je mjeri predvidiva na temelju njezina nominativnoga nastavka. Pripadnost imenica i-sklonidbi predvidiva je samo u imenica izvedenih sufiksima -¯ost i -¯ad. U jednome broju imenica ona je medutim nepredvidiva. U radu se one nastoje pobrojiti te se na temelju uoˇcenih njihovih svojstava ukratko razmatra budu´cnost i-sklonidbe.Croatian has three (basic) noun declensions. Affiliation of a noun to the a- or the e-declension is mostly prediclable on the basis of its nominative ending. Affiliation of a noun to the i-declension is predictable only in the case of nouns derived with suffixes -¯ost and -¯ad. According to data found in several Croatian grammars, there are about 250 underived Croatian nouns affiliated to the i-declension whose inflectional type is unpredictable from their nominative singular ending. However, not even an uncomplete list of those nouns exists, neither is it fully clear how the number of 250 is reached. In the present paper a list of 275 such a contemporary nouns is presented. The vast majority of listed nouns are derived nouns, and only a smaller part of them is underived. Except for nouns avet ‘apparition’, skerlet ‘scarlet’, varoˇs ‘(smaller) town’, the nouns in question are native ones. Borrowed nouns are not incorporated into the i-declension; they either acquire the aor the e-declension paradigm by transmorphemisation (Fr. la bouteille ! butelja ‘bottle (of vine)’ – G butelje) or change their original gender and become a-declension nouns (Germ. die Stimmung ! ˇstimung ‘mood’ – G ˇstimunga). Several nouns of i-declension can have both feminine and masculine gender, and can be inflected by both i- and a-declension ( bol ‘ache’, nouns with the suffix -eˇz, and some other, especially those with smaller frequency; in the case of the former ones the difference in gender has semantical repercusions), which led some researchers to the conclusion that the number of nouns affiliated to the i-declension is decreasing. The author shows that this might just not be so, and that the number of i-declension nouns might be growing. There are several reasons for such a claim: i) the suffix -¯ost is very productive, and it easily adjoins borrowed stems, ii) nouns with suffix -eˇz, when under semantic movement towards ‘collective’, tend to acquire i-declension endings, iii) new nouns can be derived from existing ‘unpredictable’ ones by prefixation and composition, iv) it is also possible that some less frequent nouns of the a-declension begin to show propensity to the i-declension. On the basis of the available data, the author claims that there are 5000–5500 Croatian nouns affiliated to the i-declension. About 250 of them – mostly derived! – ‘unpredictably’