Total Nitrogen Concentrations in Wastewater Treatment Plant Effluent in the Great Bay Estuary Watershed in 2008

Nitrogen enrichment is a growing concern for the Great Bay Estuary. For the 2006 State of the Estuaries report (NHEP, 2006), the NHEP calculated the nitrogen load from wastewater treatment facilities (WWTF) using data on total dissolved nitrogen in WWTF effluent in 2002 from Bolster et al. (2003). The NHEP needs to update this indicator for the 2009 State of the Estuaries report. Not only is more recent data needed but also measurements of total nitrogen are needed to avoid assumptions about the ratio of dissolved to total nitrogen. Therefore, the NHEP allocated staff time to collect effluent samples from the major WWTFs in the Great Bay watershed and funded laboratory analysis of the samples for total nitrogen (TN) and total dissolved nitrogen (TDN)

Some effects of boron to the growth and chemical composition of sainfoin (Onobrychis viciaefolia scop.) : a thesis presented in partial fulfilment of the requirmeents for the degree of Master of Agricultural Science in Plant Science at Massey University, Palmerston North, New Zealand

Some effects of boron on the growth and chemical composition of sainfoin (Onobrychis viciaefolia Scop.) plants cv Fakir were evaluated in a glasshouse. The growth and development of sainfoin plants was not affected by the different levels of boron applied but was affected by nitrogen application and inoculation due to the nodulation failure of the latter. Generally, the root showed the highest dry matter yield and the fastest relative growth rate. Similarly, the total nonstructural carbohydrates of the sainfoin plants were not affected by the different levels of boron. Nitrogen application reduced the total nonstructural carbohydrates of the whole plant. Moreover, when 1 ppm boron was applied, both the shoot and the root yielded the highest total nonstructural carbohydrates. Likewise, root and shoot total nonstructural carbohydrates were reduced by the application of nitrogen. Roots gave a higher total nonstructural carbohydrate yield than the shoot. Boron content of the whole sainfoin plant, the shoot and the root ranging from 0-55 µg/g increased in proportion with the increment of boron applied. Similar results were obtained from boron uptake of the whole plant, the shoot and the root. There was a depression of boron concentrations and boron uptake of the whole plant, the shoot and the root, when nitrogen was applied, implying a deficiency situation. Although nonsignificant effects of boron levels were obtained from nitrogen and phosphorus concentration and uptake, respectively, of both shoot and root, application of 2 ppm boron reduced the concentration of nitrogen but not nitrogen uptake, and reduced phosphorus concentration and phosphorus uptake. Application of nitrogen increased shoot and root nitrogen contents and nitrogen uptake but decreased root and shoot phosphorus concentrations and phosphorus uptake. It was concluded that levels of 2 ppm boron concentration were not adequate to support satisfactory growth when plants were supplied with sufficient levels of other nutrients. Keywords: Boron, nitrogen, Rhizobium, total nonstructural carbohydrates (TNC

Total body nitrogen analysis

Studies of two potential in vivo neutron activation methods for determining total and partial body nitrogen in animals and humans are described. A method using the CO-11 in the expired air as a measure of nitrogen content was found to be adequate for small animals such as rats, but inadequate for human measurements due to a slow excretion rate. Studies on the method of measuring the induced N-13 in the body show that with further development, this method should be adequate for measuring muscle mass changes occurring in animals or humans during space flight

Changes of Physico–Chemical Properties of Pig Slurry During Storage

This study was aimed to determine changes of the characteristics of raw pig slurry as liquid organic fertilizer at various storage times. A completely randomized design was used in this research. The treatments were storage times, i.e.: 0, 15, 30, 45, and 60 days. Variables observed were loss of the slurry, degree of acidity (pH), electrical conductivity (EC), total solid (TS), volatile solid (VS), total chemical oxygen demand (tCOD), soluble chemical oxygen demand (sCOD), total nitrogen (TN), ammonia-nitrogen (NH3-N), nitrate-nitrogen (NO3-N), total phosphate (TP), and dissolve reactive phosphate (DRP). The results showed that storage time significantly affected all the observed variables, except the concentration of NO3-N and total phosphate content. The pH, TS, VS, DRP, and losses of slurry lost during storage times increased, while EC, TN, NH3-N, tCOD, and sCOD decreased. Physico-chemical properties of slurry during storage times changed, as a result of organic matter breakdown

Kandungan Nitrogen Total dan Fosfat Sedimen Mangrove pada Umur yang Berbeda di Lingkungan Pertambakan Mangunharjo, Semarang

Daerah mangrove merupakan daerah dengan produktivitas primer yang tinggi. Produktivitas primer sangat mempengaruhi pertumbuhan mangrove. Salah satu indikator pertumbuhan mangrove dipengaruhi oleh sedimen tempat hidupnya yang banyak mengandung makro dan mikronutrien, oksigen, serta air tawar untuk menjaga keseimbangan kadar garam dalam fisiknya. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui kandungan Nitrogen Total dan Fosfat dalam sedimen mangrove dan hubungannya terhadap umur mangrove. Sampel diambil dari tiga stasiun yang memiliki umur mangrove berbeda dengan tujuh titik replikasi. Kedalaman pengambilan sampel adalah 30 cm. Pada masing-masing titik diambil sampel tanah untuk analisa tekstur dan analisa kandungan bahan organik. Pengukuran tinggi pohon dilakukan di setiap titik yang diasumsikan sebagai umur mangrove. Analisa data menggunakan uji regresi linear dan uji korelasi. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa terdapat hubungan yang nyata antara Nitrogen Total dengan tinggi pohon (regresi linear P = 0,025 < P 0,05). Sebaliknya, tidak terdapat hubungan yang nyata antara Fosfat dengan tinggi pohon (regresi linear P = 0,524 > P 0,05). Hal ini kemungkinan disebabkan oleh faktor-faktor lain seperti iklim, suhu, pH, dan jenis sedimen yang terdapat pada lokasi penelitian. Mangrove was an area with high primary productivity. The primary productivity greatly affects mangrove growth.One of the indicator mangrove growths was sediments by its place that contains macro and micronutrients, oxygen and fresh water to maintain salinity balanced in the physical. The purpose of this study was to determine the content of total nitrogen and phosphate in sediments of mangrove and mangrove relation to age and the results of this study were expected to provide an overview and information about the nutrient content in the form of Total Nitrogen and Phosphate in sediment of Mangunharjo village, Semarang. Samples were taken from three mangrove stations which have a different age with a seven point replication. Samples were collected from three stations of different ages of mangrove with seven replication points. The depth of sampling was 30 cm. At each of these points, soils were sampled for texture analysis and analysis of Total Nitrogen and Phosphate contents. Measurementstree height was applied at each point of different age of the mangrove. Analysis of the data used linear regression and correlation tests. The results showed that there was a significant relationship between Total Nitrogen with height of trees (linear regression P = 0,025 < P 0,05). Otherwise, there was no significant relationship between the phosphates with high of trees (linear regression P = 0,524 > P 0,05). It may be caused by other factors such as climate, temperature, pH, and type of sediment found in the study sites

Water Quality Sampling, Analysis and Annual Load Determinations for Nutrients and Solids on the Ballard Creek, 2008

The Arkansas Water Resources Center monitored water quality at Ballard Creek at the Washington County Road 76 Bridge in northwest Arkansas during base flow and storm events from July 1, 2008 through June 30, 2009. Water samples were collected manually or with an auto-sampler and analyzed for nitrate-nitrogen, ammonia-nitrogen, total nitrogen, total phosphorus, soluble reactive phosphorus, sulfate, chloride and total suspended solids. Instantaneous stage and discharge were recorded at the site; total annual discharge was 55,800,000 m³ , with 27% attributed to base flow and 73% attributed to storm flow. Loads were estimated using the mid-interval integration approach using continuous discharge (i.e., 30 min intervals) and measured concentrations as applied to sampling intervals; the incremental loads were then summed to get annual loads for the 2008 calendar year. The constituent loads and annual flow-weighted concentrations are summarized in the table below, using data collected through this study (July through December 2008) plus data from the prior study (January through June 2008)

Emissivity for CO_2 at Elevated Pressures

Total absorptivity measurements have been carried out at room temperature as a function of partial pressure of CO_2 and of total pressure using nitrogen as pressurizing gas

Water Quality Sampling, Analysis and Annual Load Determinations for the Illinois River at Arkansas Highway 59 Bridge, 2008

The Arkansas Water Resources Center monitored water quality at the Illinois River at the Arkansas Highway 59 Bridge, just upstream from the Arkansas-Oklahoma state border during base flow and storm events from July 1, 2008 through June 30, 2009. Water samples were collected manually or with an auto-sampler and analyzed for nitrate-nitrogen, ammonia-nitrogen, total nitrogen, total phosphorus, soluble reactive phosphorus, sulfate, chloride and total suspended solids. The U.S. Geological Survey recorded instantaneous stage and discharge at the site, total annual discharge was 1,010,000,000 m³ , with 37% attributed to base flow and 63% attributed to storm flow. Loads were estimated using the mid-interval integration approach using continuous discharge (i.e., 30 min intervals) and measured concentration as applied to sampling intervals; the incremental loads were then summed to get annual loads for the 2008 calendar year. The constituent loads and annual flow-weighted concentrations for the 2008 calendar year are summarized in the table below, using data collected through this study (July through December 2008) plus data from the prior study year (January through June 2008)

2003 Great Bay Organic Nitrogen (PON & DON) and Light Extinction (PAR) Monitoring Program

EPA is developing water qulaity criteria for estuaries that require knowledge of both total nitrogen and light availability (measured as photsynthetically active radiation, PAR). Through the National Estuarine Research Reserve (NERR) System-Wide Monitoring Program (SWMP), inorganic nutrient concentrations, chlorophyll-a concetration, and a number of hydrographic and water quality parameters are sampled on a monthly basis at 7 sites in the Great Bay system. In addition, these same parameters, as well as bacteria concentrations, are measured at a number of sites in Great Bay and Hampton Harbor through the National Coastal Assessment (NCA) funded through the EPA. This project takes advantage of these existing monitoring activities to collect and analyze for particulate organic nitrogen (PON), dissolved organic nitrogen (DON) and photosynthetically active radiation (PAR) at a up to 10 existing sample sites in the New Hampshire seacoast region. When combined with existing dissolved inorganic nitrogen measurements, PON and DON allow the entire Total Nitrogen (TN) pool to be quantified. PAR measurements provide, for the first time, an estimate of the light availability in the system

Nutritional and Defensive Chemistry of Three North American Ash Species: Possible Roles in Host Performance and Preference by Emerald Ash Borer Adults

Black ash (Fraxinus nigra), green ash (F. pennsylvanica), and white ash (F. americana) are the three most abundant ash species in the northeastern USA. We compared emerald ash borer (EAB), Agrilus planipennis Fairmaire (Coleoptera: Buprestidae), adult performance and preference among seedlings of the three ash species, and then related performance and preference to foli- age nutritional quality and defensive compounds. Longevity of EAB adults reared on green and white ash was found to be greater than on black ash. EAB adult females also seemed to show feeding preference among the three species of ash trees because the total foliage area consumption was greater on green ash and white ash compared to black ash in dual-choice tests; however, the total mass of foliage consumed did not differ. The foliage of all ash species was high in nitrogen and in most macro- and micro-nutrients studied. The patterns of EAB performance and preference did not correspond to any of the individual chemical compounds tested (nitrogen, proteins, most macro- and micro-nutrients, or putative defensive compounds of ash seedlings). Never- theless, greater longevity of EAB adults on green and white ash compared to black ash was probably related to unbalanced nutrients (total nitrogen/total non-structural carbohydrate ratio) of black ash. Putative defensive compounds (i.e., phenolics and protease inhibitors) did not contribute to EAB longevity in this study, probably because (1) EAB adults were able to excrete most of these compounds and (2) their effects were alleviated by high nitrogen levels. More research is needed to elucidate the interactions of nitrogen and carbohydrate levels, and the interactions of nutrient balance and defensive plant allelochemicals on EAB performance and preference