LABOUR CRIMINAL LAW EVOLUTION IN ROMANIA

Labour Law is basically the labour contract’s law, and a specific work cannot be performed without respecting the safety norms. Labour Criminal Law is not recognized in every state by the scholars, further being established a border line between these two law fields (Germany, Japan). The European Union member states have shown reluctance towards inserting sanctions displaying punishment features in the Union laws. In various European countries, a new law discipline has emerged and developed in the doctrine - the Labour Criminal Law. Regarded as a genuine Criminal Law (sub) branch, similar with financial tax criminal law, environmental criminal law, it has developed mostly in the last two decades playing a crucial role in the relation between criminal law and social law The Labour Code, the Criminal Code and other Special Laws stipulate offenses regarding labour relationslabor criminal law, business criminality, Labor Code, Criminal Code

Breaking New Ground in Hungary: Summary of Selected Provisions of the Hungarian Labour Legislation

[Excerpt] Hungarian labour law has gone through significant changes in the last decade and become one of the most developing areas of Hungarian law. Since the end of the communist regime, the labour law legislation has had to cope with the challenges of the new social and economic system. As a result of Hungary’s accession to the EU in 2004, Hungarian labour law has been almost fully harmonized with the applicable EU laws. Employee protection rules, the general principle of anti-discrimination work force lending, and provisions concerning working from home have also become part of the Labour Code

Code of Labour Practices for the Apparel Industry Including Sportswear

Code of labor practices which Clean Clothes Campaign seeks to have agreed to and enforced by companies at international level. The code sets forth minimum standards for wages, working time and working conditions and provides for observance of all of the core standards of the International Labour Organization

Work related rights of foreign migrant workers in Viet Nam

Viet Nam today is deeper integrating into the global economy. In 2012/2013 the new Labour Code and amended Trade Union Law were promulgated and enacted. Numerous implementation Decrees and Circulars were introduced and enacted accordingly, which directly relate to the lives and work of the workers including foreign migrant workers. This article aims at examining and discussing the issues on foreign migrant workers in the contemporary Viet Nam. It is shown that despite positive changes in the new policies and laws the Vietnamese authority bodies have remain ineffectively responded to the issue of foreign labour in the context of significant economic growth

Employment Protection Legislation (EPL) of Georgia: A Review Based on ILO Standards, OECD Indicators and Comparative Labour Law

The Labour Code of Georgia has provoked, since its adoption in 2006, controversial discussions in the country and in the international community. On the one hand, this reform has been contested for the lack of tripartite social dialogue, and for the extent of deregulation which reduced the labour law to 56 articles in total. Critical comments expressed by the International Labour Organization (ILO) and the European Union (EU) were not taken into consideration. On the other hand, the Georgian government, with support from the World Bank, has presented this reform as a model for other countries in transition to the market economy. The objective of this note is to review the Labour Code of Georgia with specific focus on employment protection legislation (EPL) from international and comparative perspectives. The main references used are ILO standards, EPL indicators of the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD) and the labour law of selected jurisdictions. The assessment of the labour law of Georgia in this note does not pretend to be comprehensive. For instance, the regulation of freedom of association and the right to collective bargaining is not examined, as since 2006, the ILO Committee of Experts on the Application of Conventions and Recommendations (CEACR) has provided extensive comments on the Labour Code of Georgia on these issues. The legal review of the Labour Code of Georgia in this note is complemented with some economic data, such as rates of unemployment and self-employment, wages, the growth of gross domestic product (GDP) and foreign direct investments in the country. The conjunction of legal and economic indicators is used to attempt an assessment of the impact of the reform of 2006 on the labour market of Georgia

More bits - more bucks? Measuring the impact of broadband internet on firm performance

The paper provides empirical evidence for the causal impact of broadband Internet on the economic performance of German firms. Performance is measured in terms of labour productivity and realised process and product innovations. The analysis refers to the early phase of DSL expansion in Germany from 2001 to 2003, when roughly 60 percent of the German firms already used broadband Internet. Identification relies on instrumental variable estimation taking advantage of information on the availability of DSL broadband at the postal code level. The results show that broadband Internet has no impact on firms' labour productivity whereas it exhibits a positive and significant impact on their innovation activity. --labour productivity,innovation,broadband Internet

Sectorial structure, qualitative characteristics and guidelines of labour mobility in the European Union.

In the context of the process of construction of a single labour market in the Economic Union, one of the greatest problems is the existence of certain levels of structural unemployment. From this point of view, the imbalance between the qualification characteristics of work supply and demand as well as the determining factors of geographical mobility among jobs become a relevant explication factor. The aim of the paper will be to carry out a comparative analysis of some of the most important characteristics of employment in European countries. For this, how different employed population groups are distributed by sectors of activity and labour occupations will be analysed, how these structures have been modified over time, and the patterns of labour mobility that interconnect activities and occupations in the framework of labour mobility, in order to see whether these evolutions are leading to an assimilation of labour characteristics in the countries, or not. Keywords: labour mobility, employment, service sector, European Union. JEL-Code: J62, L80, F02

Opportunities and limits of application principles and Civil Code rules in Hungarian labour law Crisis management with means of civil law

This Working Paper describes the correlation between the new Labour Code (of 2012) and the new Civil Code (of 2013) in the Hungarian law system. The examination is not autotelic. Since labour law was artificially separated from private law before the regime’s economic and political change on the grounds of political and law policy, the implementation of principles and rules of civil law was out of the question, despite the fact that a cautious opening could be observed in law enforcement. After the change of regime, labour law created a relatively closed system and consequently could not find a solution to a number of problems that were raised by the labour market. Labour law was characterised by random flexibility and marginal security. In the course of the elaboration of the new Labour Code (LC) and the new Civil Code (CC), the indicated problem resurfaced, already as a possible crisis management tool, in order to also create a new type of flexibility and security. However, the endeavour to establish a transparent connection between labour law and private law failed, despite the initial intentions

Latecomers to the ILO and the authorship and ownership of the international labour code

The article examines the extent to which latecomers to the International Labour Organisation (ILO) that comprise more than one half of the organization could be said to have contributed to the establishment of the International Labour Code, about two thirds of which had already been established by the time that they began to join the ILO as politically sovereign independent states. The article focuses on the recent work of the ILO Working Party on Policy Regarding the Revision of Standards (1994-2002). It evaluates both the significance of outcomes of the Working Party’s achievements and the role of the latecomers in that enterprise. It shows that the latecomers have appropriated the ILO dynamic and utilized the ILO’s Working Party and Committee structures both to project matters of foremost concern to themselves onto the agenda of the ILO and to update the International Labour Code by evaluating, categorizing, and suspending some of the Conventions and Recommendations that they had deemed to be irrelevant. It concludes that after the conclusion of the work of the Working Party on Policy Regarding the Revision of Standards, latecomers to the ILO have become equal co-authors and co-owners of the International Labour Code together with all the other member states parties of the ILO