The Influence of Self‐Efficacy, Negative Affect, Craving, Daily hassles and the Positive Attitude towards Smoking during the Attempt to Quit Smoking

In dit onderzoek werd onderzocht hoe de poging tot stoppen met roken zich in de eerste week voltrok, omdat de literatuur laat zien dat in deze periode het risico op een terugval in oud rookgedrag het grootst is. Uitgangspunt was het cognitieve‐ edragsmodel (Marlatt & Gordon, 1985) waar de factoren die van invloed zijn op een terugval in oud rookgedrag worden beschreven

Champignons: forse terugval inkomen in 2009

De veranderende marktverhoudingen en daardoor lagere opbrengsten hebben geleid tot een daling van de rentabiliteit van champignonbedrijven in 200

Interactieve beleidsvorming en de instituties van het lokale bestuur

Interactieve beleidsvorming kan institutioneel worden opgevat als (1) een nieuwe aanpak van collectieve besluitvorming en (2) als een set van nieuwe rollen voor lokale actoren, zoals politici en ambtenaren. In dit artikel wordt nagegaan hoe nieuwe instituties van interactieve beleidsvorming en bestaande instituties van niet-interactieve beleidsvorming elkaar beinvloeden. Kort na het afsluiten van de vijf onderzochte interactieve processen (in de gemeenten De Bilt, Enschede, Leerdam, Hellevoetsluis en Zeewolde) bleek het (nog?) niet mogelijk om enige doorwerking van de nieuwe instituties te kunnen constateren. Daarentegen kwamen wel allerlei institutionele belemmeringen en weerstanden van de bestaande instituties naar voren, zowel op het niveau van besluitvormingspatronen als het rolgedrag van politici en ambtenaren. Interactieve beleidsvorming mobiliseert vooral aan het eind van het interactieve proces weerstanden. Er doet zich een terugval voor in 'oude instituties'. De grootste institutionele belemmeringen doen zich voor op het niveau van het rolgedrag. Politici en (zij het in iets mindere mate) ambtenaren zijn onzeker en terughoudend om gevestigde posities te relativeren en naar andere rolinvullingen te zoeken. Raadsleden stellen zich in de vijf onderzochte processen voornamelijk passief en afzijdig op

Economisch belang van de Belgische havens : Vlaamse zeehavens, Luiks havencomplex en haven van Brussel – Verslag 2006

This paper is an annual publication issued by the Microeconomic Analysis service of the National Bank of Belgium. The Flemish maritime ports (Antwerp, Ghent, Ostend, Zeebrugge), the Autonomous Port of Liège and the port of Brussels play a major role in their respective regional economies and in the Belgian economy, not only in terms of industrial activity but also as intermodal centres facilitating the commodity flow. This update paper1 provides an extensive overview of the economic importance and development of the Flemish maritime ports, the Liège port complex and the port of Brussels in the period 2001 - 2006, with an emphasis on 2006. The port of Brussels has been included in the analysis for the first time. Focusing on the three major variables of value added, employment and investment, the report also provides some information about the financial situation in each port except for Brussels. These observations are linked to a more general context, along with a few cargo statistics. Annual accounts data from the Central Balance Sheet Office were used for the calculation of direct effects, the study of financial ratios and the analysis of the social balance sheet. The indirect effects of the activities concerned were estimated in terms of value added and employment, on the basis of data from the National Accounts Institute. In terms of quantity of cargo handled, 2006 was an excellent year for the Flemish maritime ports as a whole, driven by the world trade expansion. Direct value added rose in all Flemish port, except for Antwerp. Direct employment also increased, mainly in the maritime branches as a result of seaborne traffic growth. Investment on the other hand, took a downward plunge after the exceptionally high amounts in 2005. This was mainly due to a number of shipping companies and - to a lesser extent - the completion of the Deurganckdok in Antwerp. The current changes in world trade patterns have a substantial impact on the activities in the Flemish ports. To cope with the accelerating internationalisation of port competition and the tremendous growth of containerised seaborne transport, the ports need to constantly adapt their infrastructures, through innovation and investment. As major logistic centres, they have to face the challenge of responding to increasing demand in terms of capacity, while adding as much value as possible to the goods passing through them. To face this challenge, they try to focus on particular branches or aspects for which they believe they hold all the winning cards. This has become absolutely vital in a climate of growing regional and international competition, accentuated by the booming Asian economies. All figures indicate that the situation is improving for the port of Liège. The growth of value added, investment and quantity of cargo handled exceeds last year's figures. Employment still decreases but to a lesser extent. Moreover, the future is looking even brighter as the TriLogiPort project should begin to make progress, the blast furnace 6 of Arcelor in Seraing has been reopened, a new bioethanol plant is being built in Wanze and several works developing the infrastructure are being carried out. The last few years, the quantity of cargo handled at the port of Brussels has stabilised. In terms of land available for port related activities, the port of Brussels has reached its limits. As a result, the extension of the infrastructure is one of the main priorities, all the more because the port authority has set ambitious goals for the near future. The present report provides a comprehensive account of these issues, giving details per economic sector, though the comments are confined to the main changes that occurred in 2006.branch survey, maritime cluster, subcontracting, indirect effects, transport intermodality, public investments.

Chirurgische behandeling van het discusgeassocieerd Wobblersyndroom door middel van een standaard ventraalslottechniek: een retrospectieve studie van 12 gevallen

There is much controversy about the treatment of disc associated wobbler syndrome. This retrospective study describes the clinical evolution of 12 dogs treated surgically by a standard ventral slot technique. The duration of follow-up ranged from 1 to 59 months. Nine of the 12 dogs clinically recovered. However, 6 of these 9 dogs developed a second episode of clinical signs. Two of these dogs could be further managed by conservative treatment. The 4 other dogs were euthanized. The results of this study are compared to the literature. Special attention is given to inclusion criteria and follow-up data