The impact of Singapore’s military development on Malaysia’s security

In this intense era of military and defense development in South East Asia, Singapore has emergence as the fastest country in the development of military capabilities.The rapid military development that started in 1965 has made Singapore become the strongest and finest in military and defense compared to other Southeast Asia nations. Singapore’s decision to be independent from Malaysia has forced it to be self-reliant, especially in terms of security and defense.Singapore adopted the approach to develop and strengthen its defense and military system after achieving independence in 1965.Its increasing economic development in1990 has influenced the military development process and defense system.This rapid expansion has made Singapore emergence as the strongest and most advanced in military capabilities country in the Southeast Asian region.The offensive defense doctrine practiced such as forward defense, poison shrimp, pre-emptive strike and strategic weaponry ownership had raised concerns among leaders in the Southeast Asian countries.At the same time, Malaysia has also taken action to speed up its military development, diversifying the defense doctrine including total defense, complete military with modern and sophisticated defense equipment.It is speculated as a result of the security impact that Malaysia face from Singapore’s military development.Hence, this study tries to elaborate the impact or security implications on Malaysia resulting from Singapore’s military development from the Malaysian military perspective

Studi Awal Konsep Kokpit Helikopter Tempur Berbasis Box Safety Cockpit

Indonesia is required to strengthen the air defenses by developing combat helicopter designs which use chassis from Bell 412 because aerospace industry in Indonesia has many limitations of technology and experiencein creating and developing a combat helicopter. Modifications made by the PTDI is part in developing attack helicopter to minimize development costs incurred when the industry must develop a helicopter from basic. Design development using a Bell 412 helicopter has been through an analysis of the maneuver ability, cruising range, and payload capacity sufficient to allow to be developed into a combat helicopter. Then the problems faced by the PTDI in developing combat heicopter is the safety system to protect the life of every crew inside the helicopter and ergonomic analysis of the instrument panel layout, the control lever, analysis of crew activity inside the cockpit, and analysis of visual resources in the helicopter crew is suitable to be developed and applied to cockpit of combat helicopter, bumblebee cockpit used by the user with the posture of asian people with an average height of 170cm. I developed the concept of the cockpit is able to provide safety to the crew while in the air and on ground when the helicopter in emergency situation (safety pilot after crash) the cockpit apply the system of tandem seat with forms such as bathtub is made using kevlar material which serves to protect the crew and the equipment from ground attack and air bag systems application to protect the crew from the collision when the helicopter crashed to the ground. So in designing the helicopter needed a system of salvation is adequate to support any helicopter activity in the field in order to create awareness of the safety of the crew of the helicopter while in the air and on land

The Effects of Tempur Insoles on Ground Reaction Forces and Loading Rates in Running

Runners often experience over-use injuries. Ground reaction force (GRFs) patterns have been associated with these over-use injuries; however, it is not solely the magnitude of GRFs, but also the rate at which they are applied that lead to lower extremity injury. Many recreational runners will use over-the-counter insoles as a method of treating or preventing injury. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to examine the efficacy of two insoles on peak GRFs and loading rates. It was hypothesized that no differences in peak GRFs or loading rates would exist with the addition of two insoles during running. Twelve subjects (7 females; 5 males) performed seven running trials in each of the following conditions: no insoles (NORM), over-the-counter insoles (OTC) and memory-foam insoles (TEMPUR). GRFs were recorded using a force plate (1440Hz; AMTI) while subjects ran across a 15 meter lab. A 2 x 3 (gender x insole) repeated measures ANOVA was used to compare the effects of insoles on loading rate and ground reaction forces. Alpha level was set at p \u3c0.05. The current study found no statistical differences in loading rate or GRFs between the insole and no insole conditions. Furthermore, there was no gender effect in any condition. The findings of the current study suggest that insoles do not attenuate shock or decrease loading rate. The lack of shock attenuation associated with insoles suggests they do not protect the lower extremity from injury

Kerjasama Teknik Militer Indonesia Dan Rusia Dalam Pembelian Pesawat Sukhoi Su-30mk2 Tahun 2006-2010

This research explains about Militery Technique cooporation between Indonesia and Russia in term of the trade agreement of Sukhoi Su-30MK2 in 2006-2010. The agreement if Security Cooperation is written in Memorandum of Understanding (MoU) which was agreed on 21 in April 2003.The data of this research were acquired from journals, offical documents, minithesis, books, and internet to analyze cooperation of military technique in term of the trade agreement of Sukhoi Su-30MK2 aircraft between Indonesia and Russia. This research use'a Realist point of view and International Cooperations Theory.This research proves that the history between the two countries takes the main role in this cooperation. On the other hand the Military technique cooperation between Indonesia and Rusia has an effect in air military measures power which includes purchasing Sukhoi Su-30MK2. This trade will increase the capabilities of Indonesia's national security. The prime benefit that Indonesia will achieve the increasing of the air measure capability

Kerjasama Jerman Dan Indonesia Dalam Hal Pembelian Senjata Militer Untuk Modernisasi Alutsista TNI

This research discussed about the bilateral cooperation conducted by Indonesia and Germany in terms of military weapons purchases, the Indonesian government policy related to modernize the military defense equipment set out in the policy minimum essential force or minimum essential force (MEF) in 2012. Cooperation made a major impact on changes in military power possessed by the armed forces of the Republic of Indonesia, mainly on the strength of the military land defense equipment dimensions. The theory used to analyze cooperation weapons purchases carried out by the Indonesian military of Germany is a theory of national interest by Daniel S. Papp and the theory of international cooperation by Kalevi Jaakko Holsti. From this research it can be seen, Indonesia chose Germany as a partner in the purchase of military weapons is because Germany is a strategic partner for Indonesia, it can be seen from the various agreements of cooperation in the key areas of development that have been agreed by Indonesia and Germany.Keywords: Military, Main Military Weapon, Modernization, International Cooperatio

KERJASAMA INDONESIA-RUSIA DALAM BIDANG MILITER DALAM UPAYA PENINGKATAN PERTAHANAN DAN KEAMANAN DI INDONESIA

v ABSTRAK Maraknya konflik dan kejahatan yang mengancam kedaulatan NKRI semakin memperkeruh pertahanan dan keamanan Indonesia. Melemahnya kekuatan TNI pasca embargo militer oleh Amerika Serikat, Perancis, dan Jerman membuat Indonesia merasa perlu untuk melakukan kerjasama militer dengan Negara lain dalam rangka meningkatkan Alutsista dan kualitas TNI sebagai alat pertahanan Negara. Rusia yang semakin maju dalam bidang teknologi dan militer selalu mencari perhatian dan dukungan Negara-negara berkembang dalam mewujudkan kembali ‘super powernya’. Hal ini dimanfaatkan oleh Indonesia untuk menjalin kembali hubungan ‘mesra’ dengan Rusia yang sempat renggang selama orde baru berkuasa di Indonesia. Hal yang menarik perhatian penulis adalah: langkah-langkah apa saja yang telah dilakukan Indonesia-Rusia dalam melakukan kerjasama dalam bidang militertersebut? Lalu bagaimana pengaruh yang ditimbulkan dari kerjasama militer tersebut terhadap peningkatan pertahanan dan keamanan di Indonesia? Adapun tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui langkah-langkah apa saja yang telah dilakukan kedua Negara dalam melakukan kerjasama militer, memahami dan mengeksplorasi berbagai macam konflik yang bisa menjadi ancaman terhadap keutuhan dan kedaulatan NKRI. Selanjutnya juga ingin mengetahui, memahami, dan mendeskripsikan bagaimana pengaruhnya terhadap berbagai upaya dalam rangka meningkatkan pertahanan dan keamanan di Indonesia. Metode yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah metode penelitian deskriptif. Dalam metode deskriptif ini dipelajari masalah-masalah yang berlaku dalam masyarakat termasuk tentang hubungan,kegiatan-kegiatan, sikap-sikap, pandangan-pandangan, serta proses-proses yang sedang berlangsung dan pengaruh-pengaruh dari sutu fenomena. Dengan metode ini dapat diselidiki kedudukan (status) fenomena atau faktor dan melihat hubungan antara satu faktor dengan faktor lain. Hasil dari penelitian ini adalah: untuk meningkatkan Alutsista dan kualitas TNI dalam rangka menjaga dan meningkatkan pertahanan dan keamanan di Indonesia, pemerintah Indonesia melakukan kerjasama militer dengan Rusia yang di implementasikan kedalam dua buah bentuk kerjasama; Kerjasama Pertahanan dan Kerjasama Teknik Militer. Komisi Pemerintahan Indonesia-Rusia di bidang kerja sama Teknik Militer telah menghasilkan nota kesepahaman (MoU) tentang komitmen pengadaan alat utama sistem senjata (Alutsista) TNI dari Rusia dan dalam kunjungan ke Moskow pada bulan Desember 2006, Presiden Susilo Bambang Yudhoyono dan Vldimir Putin menyaksikan penandatanganan tujuh nota kesepahaman dalam kerjasama berbagai bidang, salah satunya adalah mengenai pewujudan bantuan militer Rusia kepada Indonesia dalam tahun 2006- 2010. Namun dari berbagai proposal pengadaan belanja TNI, pihak Rusia menolak untuk memaksimalisasi Alutsista TNI sehingga hal ini berpengaruh pada masih rendahnya peningkatan dan pertahanan di Indoensia. Kata Kunci: Kerjasama Militer Indonesia-Rusia, Alustsista, TNI, Pertahanan dan Keamanan Indonesia