Creating facts on the ground : agriculture in Israel and Palestine (1882-2000)

Este artículo describe cómo el conflicto sobre recursos de agua y tierra en el territorio de Israel/ Palestina ha configurado los sistemas agrícolas a ambos lados de la linea verde. Usando diversas fuentes, seguimos la evolución de los usos del suelo, las instituciones, y la innovación tecnológica desde el periodo Otomano hasta el presente. La agricultura Israelí es aplaudida en todo el mundo por sus organizaciones agrícolas como son los Kibbutzs o los Moshavs, y también por sus avances tecnológicos en el ahorro de agua, como el riego por goteo y la re-utilización de agua de desagüe. Examinando los apoyos institucionales del sistema agrícola israelí, este artículo examina la evolución de estos avances. También analizamos la agricultura Palestina y cómo el conflicto y el acceso restringido a los recursos han condicionado su evolución. En conclusión, discutimos cómo el conflicto territorial por encima de los recursos ha contribuido a la (in) sostenibilidad de ambos sistemas agrícolas

Structure and properties during aging of an Al-Cu-Li-Ag-Mg alloy, Weldalite (tm) 049

An Al-Cu-Li-Ag-Mg alloy, Weldalite (trademark) 049, was recently introduced as an ultra-high strength alloy (7000 MPa yield strength in artificially aged tempers) with good weldability. In addition, the alloy exhibits an extraordinary natural aging response (440 MPa yield strength (YS) in the unstretch condition) and a high ductility reversion condition which may be useful as a cold-forming temper. In contrast to other Al-Li alloys, these properties can essentially be obtained with or without a stretch or other coldworking operation prior to aging. Preliminary studies have revealed that the T4 temper (no stretch, natural age) is strengthened by a combination of GP zones and delta prime (Al3Li). The T6 temper (no stretch, aged at 180 C to peak strength) was reported to be strengthened primarily by T(sub 1) phase (Al2CuLi) with a minor presence of a theta prime like (Al2Cu) phase. On the other hand, a similar but lower solute containing alloy was reported to contain omega, (stoichiometry unknown), theta prime, and S prime in the peak strength condition. The purpose of this study is to further elucidate the strengthening phases in Weldalite (trademark) 049 in the unstretched tempers, and to follow the development of the microstructure from the T4 temper through reversion (180 C for 5 to 45 minutes) to the T6 temper

HUBUNGAN FAKTOR PEMICU DENGAN TERJADINYA TEMPER TANTRUM PADA ANAK USIA TODDLER DI PAUD ARIFA DAN PAUD BAYYINAH KECAMATAN KUTA ALAM BANDA ACEH TAHUN 2012

Temper tantrum merupakan suatu luapan amarah anak yang sering terjadi digambarkan dengan perubahan prilaku atau tingkah laku seperti berteriak, menangis memukul, menendang, manjatuhkan tubuh ke lantai. Tempertantrum terjadi karena anak belum mampu mengontrol emosinya. Namun demikian, hal ini tidak dapat dibiarkan terus menerus karena dapat mengganggu perkembangan jiwa anak. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui faktor pemicu dengan terjadinya temper tantrum pada anak usia toddler di PAUD Arifa dan Bayyinah kecamatan Kuta Alam Banda Aceh Tahun 2012. Desain penelitian menggunakan deskriptif korelasi dan menggunakan teknik pengambilan sampel total sampling, alat pengumpulan data yang digunakan yaitu kuesioner dengan teknik wawancara terpimpin. Jumlah responden 43 orang. Waktu pengumpulan data 05-13 Desember 2012. Hasil penelitian secara umum menunjukkan ada hubungan antara faktor pemicu dengan temper tantrum pada anak usia toddler (P-value 0,000), secara khusus menunjukkan ada hubungan antara faktor frustasi dengan temper tantrum (P-value= 0,007), ada hubungan antara faktor kelelahan dengan temper tantrum (P-value= 0,024), ada hubungan antara faktor lapar dengan temper tantrum (P-value= 0,025), ada hubungan antara temper tantrum dengan kecemburuan (P-value= 0,002), ada hubungan antara perubahan dalam rutinitas dengan temper tantrum (P-value= 0,011), ada hubungan antara tekanan dirumah dengan temper tantrum (P-value= 0,008), ada hubungan temper tantrum antara dengan rasa tidak aman (P-value= 0,022). Diharapkan orang tua dan guru PAUD dapat memahami faktor pemicu temper tantrum pada anak toddler dalam upaya pengelolaan, pencegahan, tindakan yang dilakukan ketika tantrum, tindakan yang dilakukan ketika tantrum berlalu sebagai bagian dari proses perkembangan emosi anak dengan memberikan penyuluhan tentang temper tantrum.Kata Kunci: Faktor pemicu, Temper tantrum, Anak pra sekolahDaftar Bacaan: 29 Buku (2002-2011), 4 artikel internet (2008-2011

Reliability of AMS 14C dates of moss temper preserved in Neolithic pottery from the Scheldt river valley (Belgium)

Direct dates of pottery obtained from food crusts or other organic residues on the vessel surfaces can be affected by a reservoir effect and/or an old wood effect and therefore be unreliable. Hence, there is a need for alternative ways to directly date pottery. Moss is used as temper by several cultural groups of the late 6th to early 4th millennium cal BC in northwestern Europe. After the pottery is fired, charred moss remains are often preserved in the clay, so that relatively short-lived plant material with a direct chronological link to the pottery and human occupation is available for radiocarbon (C-14) dating. In this study, charred moss temper is extracted for accelerator mass spectrometry (AMS) C-14 dating from pottery of the Swifterbant Culture and Spiere group in the Scheldt river valley (Belgium). The moss dates are then compared to reference dates of organic macro-remains from the same sites and food crust dates with or without a reservoir effect of the same pottery. Eleven out of 13 moss dates are in line with the expected pottery age. The paired dates of moss temper and food crusts from the same potsherds confirm a freshwater reservoir effect (FRE) for the latter. We conclude that moss temper has great potential as a sample material for direct pottery dating. However, more research on the extraction and pretreatment of moss temper as well as on the reliability of moss dates is necessary in the future

Retrogression and re-ageing of 7075 aluminium alloy : microstructural characterization

Industrial Summary: The 7075 aluminium alloy presents a low stress corrosion cracking strength when aged to achieve maximum mechanical strength, T6 temper; high stress corrosion cracking strength is attained with overageing, T7 temper; but with loss of mechanical strength. Retrogression and re-ageing treatments improves the stress corrosion behaviour of the alloy whilst maintaining the mechanical resistance of the T6 temper. The microstructures produced by the retrogression and re-ageing treatments were characterized in this study by transmission electron microscopy, electron diffraction and differential scanning calorimetry. The precipitation is extremely Æne and distributed homogeneously inside the grains, being slightly denser and more stable than that resulting from the T6 temper; whilst the grain boundary precipitation is quite different from that resulting from T6 treatment, the particles being coarser, and much closer to the precipitation resulting from T7 temper. The retrogression temperature is the main property controlling factor; a higher retrogression temperature, increasing the dissolution degree, promotes the formation of more stable precipitates on re-ageing

Hubungan Pola Komunikasi Dengan Kejadian Temper Tantrum Pada Anak Usia PRA Sekolah Di Tk Islamic Center Manado

: Temper tantrums are an explosion of anger that often occurs in children aged zero to six years expressed by crying, screaming, throwing, rolling, punching, and other destructive activities. The pattern of effective communication is one of the appropriate remedial action in reducing the incidence of temper tantrums in children of preschool age. The Purpose is to knowing the relationship between the pattern of effective communication with the incidence of temper tantrums at pre-school age children in kindergarten Islamic Center Manado. The method is cross-sectional and used questionnaires to obtain data from respondents. The Sampling technique is purposive sampling with 30 respondents. The Results using Chi-Square obtained p-value of 0.000 (α = 0.05). The Conclusion shows there is a relationship patterns of communication with the incidence of temper tantrums in preschool children in Nursery Islamic Center Manado

Springback Foam

A decade ago, NASA's Ames Research Center developed a new foam material for protective padding of airplane seats. Now known as Temper Foam, the material has become one of the most widely-used spinoffs. Latest application is a line of Temper Foam cushioning produced by Edmont-Wilson, Coshocton, Ohio for office and medical furniture. The example pictured is the Classic Dental Stool, manufactured by Dentsply International, Inc., York, Pennsylvania, one of four models which use Edmont-Wilson Temper Foam. Temper Foam is an open-cell, flameresistant foam with unique qualities

HUBUNGAN ANTARA POLA ASUH ORANGTUA DENGAN TEMPER TANTRUM PADA ANAK PRASEKOLAH DI TK ISLAM BAKTI 7 GRESIK

Temper tantrum adalah perilaku mudah marah dengan kadar marah yang berlebihan dan tidak terkendali yang seringkali muncul pada anak usia 18 bulan-6 tahun. Temper tantrum dapat diatasi salah satunya dengan pola asuh yang baik yang diterapkan oleh orangtua terhadap anak. Penelitian ini bertujuan menganalisis hubungan antara pola asuh orangtua dengan temper tantrum pada anak prasekolah di TK Islam Bakti 7 Gresik. Jenis penelitian ini adalah analitik dengan rancangan cross sectional. Populasi dalam penelitian ini adalah 33 ibu dan diambil secara simple random sampling sehingga sampel menjadi 30 ibu. Variabel independen dalam penelitian ini adalah pola asuh orangtua dan variabel dependen adalah temper tantrum. Pengumpulan data dilakukan melalui 2 kuesioner yang diisi oleh responden. Dianalisis dengan menggunakan uji Mann Whitney dengan tingkat kemaknaan α=0,05. Hasil penelitian didapatkan bahwa hampir seluruhnya ibu (90,0%) menggunakan pola asuh demokratis dan sebagian besar(60,0%) ibu mempunyai anak dengan temper tantrumrendah. Hasil analisis didapatkan p(0,028) <α (0,05) berarti H0 ditolak dan artinya ada hubungan antara pola asuh orangtua dengan temper tantrum pada anak prasekolah di TK Islam Bakti 7 Gresik. Kesimpulan penelitian ini adalah orangtua yang menerapkan pola asuh demokratis dengan temper tantrumyang rendah pada anak. Orangtua diharapkan menerapkan pola asuh yang baiksehingga temper tantrum jarang dan mungkin tidak terjadi

Massive fields temper anomaly-induced inflation: the clue to graceful exit?

A method of calculating the vacuum effective action for massive quantum fields in curved space-time is outlined. Our approach is based on the conformal representation of the fields action and on the integration of the corresponding conformal anomaly. As a relevant cosmological application, we find that if taking the masses of the fields into account, then the anomaly-induced inflation automatically slows down. The only relevant massive fields for this purpose turn out to be the fermion fields. So in supersymmetric theories this mechanism can be specially efficient, for it may naturally provide the graceful exit from the inflationary to the FLRW phase. Taking the SUSY breaking into account, the anomaly-induced inflation could be free of the well-known difficulties with the initial data and also with the amplitude of the gravitational waves.Comment: 12 pages, 2 figures. Extended version, in particular an important discussion concerning the gravitational waves adde