Pengaruh Komitmen Organisasi Dan Keinginan Sosial Terhadap Partisipasi Anggaran

Higher/ estimation convidential of clerk less detect potential and obstacle that has by subordinate/ estimation executor so that give target very demand compared ably subordinate/ estimation executor. Therefore, entitas begin to apply budgeting system that can overcoming problem above that is partisipative budgeting system (participative budgeting). Pass this system, subordinate/ estimation executor is involved in estimation arrangement that concern sub the part so that reached agreement between higher/ estimation convidential of clerk and subordinate/ estimation executor hits estimation. For individual with high organization commitment, organization aim achievement is matter that prioritised. Individual with strong organization commitment in self will make to will achieve organization aim with will make best for the benefit of organization. While social willing individual tendency to present something that beneficial itself in obey norms and standar¬-standar existing social. Based on hypothesis testing result 1, got result that influential organization commitment positively and very significant towards estimation participation. Hypothesis testing result 2, known that influential social willing positively and significant towards estimation participation, and in hypothesis testing result 3, known organization commitment and social willing positive influential simultaneous and very significant towards estimation participation. Several suggestions that could be given owner or leadership can considering to apply budgeting participation system as a means of help in aim achievement company effectively with involve organization commitment factor and employee social willing. And employee best can to increase organization commitment and for higher best doesn't depress the subordinate in carry out the task so that subordinate can to show and creat tall organization commitment attitude so that subordinate can to get freshment in work with communicating

'Now' with Subordinate Clauses

We investigate a novel use of the English temporal modifier ‘now’, in which it combines with a subordinate clause. We argue for a univocal treatment of the expression, on which the subordinating use is taken as basic and the non-subordinating uses are derived. We start by surveying central features of the latter uses which have been discussed in previous work, before introducing key observations regarding the subordinating use of ‘now’ and its relation to deictic and anaphoric uses. All of these data, it is argued, can be accounted for on our proposed analysis. We conclude by comparing ‘now’ to a range of other expressions which exhibit similar behavior

AGGRESSIVE BEHAVIORS AND THEIR EFFECT ON RESOURCE USE BY MALE LITTLE BROWN SKINKS, SCINCELLA LATERALIS

The aggressive behaviors of adult male Little Brown Skinks, Scincella lateralis, and their effects on access to an important resource (a single retreat) were the subject of a study consisting of 10 laboratory trials in which the behavioral interactions between a pair of individuals was recorded. Analysis of these interactions made it possible to identify a dominant and a subordinate male in each trial; the male with the greater bulk was dominant in 9 of the 10 trials. Aggressive behaviors recorded include lunging, chasing, and biting; the dominant male performed lunging significantly more often than the subordinate male and was the only individual to exhibit chasing. The most common behavior recorded was avoidance which was shown almost exclusively by the subordinate male. Both dominant and subordinate males exhibited tail twitching which we hypothesize to be a sign of agitation. The two males spent significantly more time on opposite sides of the observation chamber than on the same side and almost never occupied the single retreat simultaneously because the subordinate male repeatedly moved to avoid the dominant male. The implications of these results on spacing patterns and resource use of Scincella lateralis in the wild are discussed

Two-sided Green function estimates for killed subordinate Brownian motions

A subordinate Brownian motion is a L\'evy process which can be obtained by replacing the time of the Brownian motion by an independent subordinator. The infinitesimal generator of a subordinate Brownian motion is $-\phi(-\Delta)$, where $\phi$ is the Laplace exponent of the subordinator. In this paper, we consider a large class of subordinate Brownian motions without diffusion component and with $\phi$ comparable to a regularly varying function at infinity. This class of processes includes symmetric stable processes, relativistic stable processes, sums of independent symmetric stable processes, sums of independent relativistic stable processes, and much more. We give sharp two-sided estimates on the Green functions of these subordinate Brownian motions in any bounded $\kappa$-fat open set $D$. When $D$ is a bounded $C^{1,1}$ open set, we establish an explicit form of the estimates in terms of the distance to the boundary. As a consequence of such sharp Green function estimates, we obtain a boundary Harnack principle in $C^{1,1}$ open sets with explicit rate of decay.Comment: 33 page

An efficient bandwidth demand estimation for delay reduction in IEEE 802.16j MMR WiMAX network

IEEE 802.16j MMR WiMAX networks allow the number of hops between the user and the MMR-BS to be more than two hops. The standard bandwidth request procedure in WiMAX network introduces much delay to the user data and acknowledgement of the TCP packet that affects the performance and throughput of the network. In this paper, we propose a new scheduling scheme to reduce the bandwidth request delay in MMR networks. In this scheme, the MMR-BS allocates bandwidth to its direct subordinate RSs without bandwidth request using Grey prediction algorithm to estimate the required bandwidth of each of its subordinate RS. Using this architecture, the access RS can allocate its subordinate MSs the required bandwidth without notification to the MMR-BS. Our scheduling architecture with efficient bandwidth demand estimation able to reduce delay significantly