Detection of Ketenimine (CH2CNH) in SGRB2(N) Hot Cores

Ketenimine (CH2CNH) has been detected in absorption toward the starforming region Sagittarius B2(N) with the 100-m Green Bank Telescope (GBT) by means of three rotational transitions: 7(sub 16)-8(sub 08) at 41.5 GHz, 8(sub 19)-9(sub 09), at 23.2 GHz, and 9(sub 18)-10(sub 0,10) at 4.9 GHz. Ketenimine has a sparse rotational spectrum below 50 GHz. From transition line strength arguments, the spectral lines found are the ones most likely to be detected and occur in spectral regions that have little possibility of confusion with other molecular species. Partially resolved hyperfine structure is apparent in the 4.9 GHz transition which has energy levels approximately 50 K above ground state level; the absorption seen in this transition appears to be emanating from gas in close proximity to the LMH hot core that has a systemic LSR velocity of +64 kilometers per second. By comparison, the 41.5 GHz and 23.2 GHz transitions have lower energy levels of approximately 33 K and approximately 41 K, respectively; and show absorption against the two star-forming SgrB2(N) hot cores with systematic LSR velocities of +64 (the LMH) and +82 kilometers per second. These ketenimine data show that the hot core at +82 kilometers per second is cooler than the hot core at +64 kilometers per second. Ketenimine is likely formed directly from its isomer methyl cyanide (CH3CN) by tautomerization driven by shocks that pervade the star-forming region

Ensemble Classification of Alzheimer's Disease and Mild Cognitive Impairment Based on Complex Graph Measures from Diffusion Tensor Images

The human brain is a complex network of interacting regions. The gray matter regions of brain are interconnected by white matter tracts, together forming one integrative complex network. In this article, we report our investigation about the potential of applying brain connectivity patterns as an aid in diagnosing Alzheimer's disease and Mild Cognitive Impairment (MCI). We performed pattern analysis of graph theoretical measures derived from Diffusion Tensor Imaging (DTI) data representing structural brain networks of 45 subjects, consisting of 15 patients of Alzheimer's disease (AD), 15 patients of MCI, and 15 healthy subjects (CT). We considered pair-wise class combinations of subjects, defining three separate classification tasks, i.e., AD-CT, AD-MCI, and CT-MCI, and used an ensemble classification module to perform the classification tasks. Our ensemble framework with feature selection shows a promising performance with classification accuracy of 83.3% for AD vs. MCI, 80% for AD vs. CT, and 70% for MCI vs. CT. Moreover, our findings suggest that AD can be related to graph measures abnormalities at Brodmann areas in the sensorimotor cortex and piriform cortex. In this way, node redundancy coefficient and load centrality in the primary motor cortex were recognized as good indicators of AD in contrast to MCI. In general, load centrality, betweenness centrality, and closeness centrality were found to be the most relevant network measures, as they were the top identified features at different nodes. The present study can be regarded as a “proof of concept” about a procedure for the classification of MRI markers between AD dementia, MCI, and normal old individuals, due to the small and not well-defined groups of AD and MCI patients. Future studies with larger samples of subjects and more sophisticated patient exclusion criteria are necessary toward the development of a more precise technique for clinical diagnosis

A proibição de chute após a cobrança do lateral ou escanteio modifica o comportamento de jogadores de futsal da categoria sub-09?

This study aimed to compare the network properties and shots on goal in futsal matches of under-09 teams, in games played with (WiK) and without (WoK) the shooting after the kick-in rule. Six futsal matches in WoK and four in WiK were analyzed. The Social Network Analysis and Notational Analysis were used for interpretation of the network properties and shots on goal, respectively. The results showed higher network values in matches WiK than in matches WoK. The findings of the present study indicated a higher incidence of shots on goal and corner kicks in matches WiK. It is concluded that allowing the players to shot on goal after the kick-in increased the interaction between players and shots on goal in the U-09 futsal matches. Although the WoK showed less network values than WiK, it is suggested that coaches may use this rule to stimulate the progression of players on the court.El estudio tuvo como objetivo comparar las propiedades de interacción y las finalizaciones en partidos de futsal sub-09 con la concesión del gol (CT) y sin la concesión del gol (ST) a través de la tiradinha (tiro directo a la meta después del saque lateral). Se analizaron diez juegos formales de futsal, seis  ST y cuatro CT. Se adoptaron el Social Network Analysis y el análisis de notación. Los resultados mostraron un valor de interacción más alto en los juegos de CT. Hubo un mayor número de finalizaciones en situaciones que se originaron en laterales y tiro de esquinas en los juegos CT. Se concluye que la tiradinha en futsal en la categoría sub-09, conlleva un aumento de la interacción entre jugadores y de las finalizaciones derivadas de esta regla. Aunque los juegos ST tienen valores más bajos de interacciones que CT, se sugiere que los entrenadores pueden usar esta regla para estimular la progresión de los jugadores en la cancha.O estudo objetivou comparar as propriedades de interação e as finalizações em jogos de futsal da categoria sub-09, com a permissão de gol (CT) e sem a permissão de gol (ST), por meio da “tiradinha” (chute direto ao gol após a cobrança de lateral). Foram analisados 10 jogos formais de futsal, seis ST e quatro CT.  A Social Network Analysis e a análise notacional foram utilizadas para as análises. Os resultados apontaram maiores interações entre os jogadores nos jogos CT. Observou-se maior número de finalizações em situações originadas dos laterais e escanteios nos jogos CT. Conclui-se que a presença da “tiradinha”, nos jogos de futsal, na categoria sub-09, leva a um aumento da interação entre os jogadores e das finalizações provenientes desta regra. Apesar dos jogos ST apresentarem menores valores nas interações do que CT, sugere-se que treinadores possam utilizar esta regra para estimular a progressão dos jogadores na quadra

Functional changes in GABA and glutamate during motor learning

Functional magnetic resonance spectroscopy (fMRS) of GABA at 3 T poses additional challenges compared with fMRS of other metabolites because of the difficulties of measuring GABA levels; GABA is present in the brain at relatively low concentrations, and its signal is overlapped by higher concentration metabolites. Using 7 T fMRS, GABA levels have been shown to decrease specifically during motor learning (and not during a control task). Though the use of 7 T is appealing, access is limited. For GABA fMRS to be widely accessible, it is essential to develop this method at 3 T. Nine healthy right-handed participants completed a motor learning and a control button-pressing task. fMRS data were acquired from the left sensorimotor cortex during the task using a continuous GABA-edited MEGA-PRESS acquisition at 3 T. We found no significant changes in GABA+/tCr, Glx/tCr, or Glu/tCr levels in either task; however, we show a positive relationship between motor learning and glutamate levels both at rest and at the start of the task. Though further refinement and validation of this method is needed, this study represents a further step in using fMRS at 3 T to probe GABA levels in both healthy cognition and clinical disorders.publishedVersio

PENINGKATAN KEMAMPUAN MENULIS PUISI DENGAN STRATEGI MENGEMBANGKAN PERIBAHASA INDONESIA

ABSTRAKPenelitian yang berjudul “PENINGKATAN KEMAMPUAN MENULIS PUISI DENGAN STRATEGI MENGEMBANGKAN PERIBAHASA INDONESIA (Penelitian Tindakan Kelas pada Siswa Kelas VIII-A SMP Negeri 5 Ciamis)”. Penelitian ini dilakukan sebagai respons terhadap fakta bahwa sebagian besar siswa kelas VIII A belum memiliki kemampuan yang memadai dalam menulis puisi bebas dengan penggunaan kata-kata yang tepat dan kesulitan dalam menyampaikan gagasan, hal yang sangat penting dalam pembelajaran menulis puisi bebas. Hasil wawancara dengan guru bahasa Indonesia kelas VIII A di SMP Negeri 5 Ciamis menunjukkan bahwa hasil ulangan siswa di bawah Kriteria Ketuntasan Minimal (KKM) yaitu 75, oleh karena itu langkah-langkah pelaksanaan pembelajaran menulis puisi dengan menggunakan strategi mengembangkan peribahasa Indonesia perlu diidentifikasi dan perlu diketahui apakah strategi ini dapat meningkatkan kemampuan siswa dalam menulis puisi. Bagaimanakah langkah-langkah pelaksanaan pembelajaran menulis puisi dengan menggunakan strategi mengembangkan peribahasa Indonesia? Bagaimanakah peningkatan kemampuan siswa dalam menulis puisi setelah digunakan strategi mengembangkan peribahasa Indonesia? Teknik pengumpulan data dalam penelitian ini menggunakan teknik studi pustaka, teknik observasi, teknik dokumentasi, teknik tes dan teknik analisis. Pengolahan data dilakukan dengan cara mengumpulkan data dari setiap siklus, dianalisis secara deskriptif untuk melihat kecenderungan yang terjadi dalam kegiatan perbaikan pembelajaran yang sudah dilaksanakan. Setelah mendapat hasil yang diperlukan maka penulis mengambil kesimpulan sebagai berikut. 1. Berdasarkan analisis hasil penelitian dapat disimpulkan hal-hal sebagai berikut. Langkah-langkah dalam peningkatan kemampuan menulis puisi bebas yang di lakukan guru kepada siswa melalui upaya perbaikan pembelajaran dengan menggunakan strategi mengembangkan peribahasa Indonesia di tempuh dalam empat langkah yakni (1) perencanaan (planning); (2) pelaksanaan (action); (3) observasi (observation); dan (4) refleksi. Pelaksanaan proses penelitian di tekankan pada langkah-langkah pembelajaran menulis puisi dengan strategi mengembangkan peribahasa Indonesia yakni: kegiatan awal, kegiatan inti, kegiatan akhir; 2. Hasil peningkatan kemampuan menulis puisi bebas yang di lakukan oleh guru kepada siswa melalui upaya perbaikan pembelajaran dengan menggunakan strategi mengembangkan peribahasa Indonesia diketahui bahwa terjadi peningkatan kemampuan siswa pada siklus 2 lebih baik dari siklus 1. Hal ini tampak dari perolehan nilai siswa pada siklus 1 dengan eata-rata nilai 72 dan siklus 2 dengan rata-rata nilai 82.Kunci:  Pembelajaran Bahasa Indonesia, Puisi, Strategi mengembangkan Peribahasa  Indonesi

Laminar CBV and BOLD response-characteristics over time and space in the human primary somatosensory cortex at 7T

Uncovering the cortical representation of the body has been at the core of human brain mapping for decades, with special attention given to the digits. In the last decade, advances in functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) technologies have opened the possibility of noninvasively unraveling the 3rd dimension of digit representations in humans along cortical layers. In laminar fMRI it is common to combine the use of the highly sensitive blood oxygen level dependent (BOLD) contrast with cerebral blood volume sensitive measurements, like vascular space occupancy (VASO), that are more specific to the underlying neuronal populations. However, the spatial and temporal VASO response characteristics across cortical depth to passive stimulation of the digits are still unknown. Therefore, we characterized haemodynamic responses to vibrotactile stimulation of individual digit-tips across cortical depth at 0.75 mm in-plane spatial resolution using BOLD and VASO fMRI at 7T. We could identify digit-specific regions of interest (ROIs) in putative Brodmann area 3b, following the known anatomical organization. In the ROIs, the BOLD response increased towards the cortical surface due to the draining vein effect, while the VASO response was more shifted towards middle cortical layers, likely reflecting bottom-up input from the thalamus, as expected. Interestingly, we also found slightly negative BOLD and VASO responses for non-preferred digits in the ROIs, potentially indicating neuronal surround inhibition. Finally, we explored the temporal signal dynamics for BOLD and VASO as a function of distance from activation peaks resulting from stimulation of contralateral digits. With this analysis, we showed a triphasic response consisting of an initial peak and a subsequent negative deflection during stimulation, followed by a positive post-stimulus response in BOLD and to some extent in VASO. While similar responses were reported with invasive methods in animal models, here we demonstrate a potential neuronal excitation-inhibition mechanism in a center-surround architecture across layers in the human somatosensory cortex. Given that, unlike in animals, human experiments do not rely on anesthesia and can readily implement extensive behavioral testing, obtaining this effect in humans is an important step towards further uncovering the functional significance of the different aspects of the triphasic response

Application of Clustering Method based on Orthogonal Procrustes Analysis to Analysis of Questionnaire Data

In the field of marketing, companies often carry out a questionnaire to consumers for grasping their impressions of products. Analyzing the evaluation data obtained from consumers enables us to grasp the tendency of the market and to find problems and/or to make hypotheses that are useful for the development of products. Semantic Differential (SD) method is one of the most useful methods for quantifying human-impressions to the objects. The purpose of this study is to develop a method for visualization of individual features in data. This paper proposes the Clustering method based on Orthogonal Procrustes Analysis(COPA). The proposed method can cluster subjects among whom the distributed structures of the SD evaluation data are similar. The analysis by this method leads to discovery of majority/minority groups and/or groups which have unique features.In addition, it enables us to analyze the similarity/difference of objects and impression words among clusters and/or subjects by comparing the cluster centers and/or transformation matrices. This paper applies the proposed method to an actual SD evaluation data. It shows that this method can investigate the similar relationships among the objects in each group and compare the similarity/difference of impression words used for the evaluation of objects among subjects in the same cluster.Joint 4th International Conference on Soft Computing and Intelligent Systems and 9th International Symposium on advanced Intelligent Systems, September 17-21, 2008, Nagoya University, Nagoya, JapanSession ID: TH-A4-3conference pape

A Supervised Information Enhanced Multi-Granularity Contrastive Learning Framework for EEG Based Emotion Recognition

This study introduces a novel Supervised Info-enhanced Contrastive Learning framework for EEG based Emotion Recognition (SICLEER). SI-CLEER employs multi-granularity contrastive learning to create robust EEG contextual representations, potentiallyn improving emotion recognition effectiveness. Unlike existing methods solely guided by classification loss, we propose a joint learning model combining self-supervised contrastive learning loss and supervised classification loss. This model optimizes both loss functions, capturing subtle EEG signal differences specific to emotion detection. Extensive experiments demonstrate SI-CLEER's robustness and superior accuracy on the SEED dataset compared to state-of-the-art methods. Furthermore, we analyze electrode performance, highlighting the significance of central frontal and temporal brain region EEGs in emotion detection. This study offers an universally applicable approach with potential benefits for diverse EEG classification tasks.Comment: 5 pages, 3 figures, 2024 IEEE International Conference on Acoustics, Speech and Signal Processing (ICASSP

Aligning individual brains with Fused Unbalanced Gromov-Wasserstein

Individual brains vary in both anatomy and functional organization, even within a given species. Inter-individual variability is a major impediment when trying to draw generalizable conclusions from neuroimaging data collected on groups of subjects. Current co-registration procedures rely on limited data, and thus lead to very coarse inter-subject alignments. In this work, we present a novel method for inter-subject alignment based on Optimal Transport, denoted as Fused Unbalanced Gromov Wasserstein (FUGW). The method aligns cortical surfaces based on the similarity of their functional signatures in response to a variety of stimulation settings, while penalizing large deformations of individual topographic organization. We demonstrate that FUGW is well-suited for whole-brain landmark-free alignment. The unbalanced feature allows to deal with the fact that functional areas vary in size across subjects. Our results show that FUGW alignment significantly increases between-subject correlation of activity for independent functional data, and leads to more precise mapping at the group level