CES-484 Row Quantile Normalisation of Microarrays

Variation in tissue sample preparation leads to variation across the Transcriptome not just between experiments but to between individual microarrays. Normalisation is essential before data from different arrays can be compared. Quantile normalisation can be used to force data from a single GeneChip to take a given distribution. However quantile normalisation can be blind to the consistent spatial variation we note in thousands of Affymetrix’ High-density oligonucleotide array (HDONAs) from NCBI GEO. We propose a simple computationally efficient normalisation technique which takes into account the spatial aspect. BioConductor R code is included

DeepKey: Towards End-to-End Physical Key Replication From a Single Photograph

This paper describes DeepKey, an end-to-end deep neural architecture capable of taking a digital RGB image of an 'everyday' scene containing a pin tumbler key (e.g. lying on a table or carpet) and fully automatically inferring a printable 3D key model. We report on the key detection performance and describe how candidates can be transformed into physical prints. We show an example opening a real-world lock. Our system is described in detail, providing a breakdown of all components including key detection, pose normalisation, bitting segmentation and 3D model inference. We provide an in-depth evaluation and conclude by reflecting on limitations, applications, potential security risks and societal impact. We contribute the DeepKey Datasets of 5, 300+ images covering a few test keys with bounding boxes, pose and unaligned mask data.Comment: 14 pages, 12 figure

DEPENDENCE OF THE CURRENT RENORMALISATION CONSTANTS ON THE QUARK MASS

We study the behaviour of the vector and axial current renormalisation constants $Z_V$ and $Z_A$ as a function of the quark mass, $m_q$. We show that sizeable $O(am_q)$ and $O(g_0^2 a m_q)$ systematic effects are present in the Wilson and Clover cases respectively. We find that the prescription of Kronfeld, Lepage and Mackenzie for correcting these artefacts is not always successful.Comment: Contribution to Lattice'94, 3 pages PostScript, uuencoded compressed

Comparison of MIMO channels from multipath parameter extraction and direct channel measurements

This work presents a MIMO throughput performance analysis of dynamic wideband double-directional channel measurements that were recently obtained by the University of Bristol. Identical 16-element uniform circular arrays (UCAs) were employed at both ends of the link and the parameters of the multipath components (MFCs) were extracted. In this paper, the performance analyses of several 4/spl times/4 subarrays of the 16/spl times/16 measurement arrays are presented. The MIMO response of these channels was synthesised from the extracted MFCs. A comparison is then made between the capacity estimates from the directly measured and synthesised MIMO channels. This was found to show good agreementThis work presents a MIMO throughput performance analysis of dynamic wideband double-directional channel measurements that were recently obtained by the University of Bristol. Identical 16-element uniform circular arrays (UCAs) were employed at both ends of the link and the parameters of the multipath components (MFCs) were extracted. In this paper, the performance analyses of several 4/spl times/4 subarrays of the 16/spl times/16 measurement arrays are presented. The MIMO response of these channels was synthesised from the extracted MFCs. A comparison is then made between the capacity estimates from the directly measured and synthesised MIMO channels. This was found to show good agreemen

Error probability and capacity analysis of generalised pre-coding aided spatial modulation

The recently proposed multiple input multiple output (MIMO) transmission scheme termed as generalized pre-coding aided spatial modulation (GPSM) is analyzed, where the key idea is that a particular subset of receive antennas is activated and the specific activation pattern itself conveys useful implicit information. We provide the upper bound of both the symbol error ratio (SER) and bit error ratio (BER) expression of the GPSM scheme of a low-complexity decoupled detector. Furthermore, the corresponding discrete-input continuous-output memoryless channel (DCMC) capacity as well as the achievable rate is quantified. Our analytical SER and BER upper bound expressions are confirmed to be tight by our numerical results. We also show that our GPSM scheme constitutes a flexible MIMO arrangement and there is always a beneficial configuration for our GPSM scheme that offers the same bandwidth efficiency as that of its conventional MIMO counterpart at a lower signal to noise ratio (SNR) per bit

Witnessing the Growth of the Nearest Galaxy Cluster: Thermodynamics of the Virgo Cluster Outskirts

We present results from Suzaku Key Project observations of the Virgo Cluster, the nearest galaxy cluster to us, mapping its X-ray properties along four long `arms' extending beyond the virial radius. The entropy profiles along all four azimuths increase with radius, then level out beyond $0.5r_{200}$, while the average pressure at large radii exceeds Planck Sunyaev-Zel'dovich measurements. These results can be explained by enhanced gas density fluctuations (clumping) in the cluster's outskirts. Using a standard Navarro, Frenk and White (1997) model, we estimate a virial mass, radius, and concentration parameter of $M_{200}=1.05\pm0.02\times10^{14}$ M$_\odot$, $r_{200}=974.1\pm5.7$ kpc, and $c = 8.8 \pm0.2$, respectively. The inferred cumulative baryon fraction exceeds the cosmic mean at $r\sim r_{200}$ along the major axis, suggesting enhanced gas clumping possibly sourced by a candidate large-scale structure filament along the north-south direction. The Suzaku data reveal a large-scale sloshing pattern, with two new cold fronts detected at radii of 233 kpc and 280 kpc along the western and southern arms, respectively. Two high-temperature regions are also identified 1 Mpc towards the south and 605 kpc towards the west of M87, likely representing shocks associated with the ongoing cluster growth. Although systematic uncertainties in measuring the metallicity for low temperature plasma remain, the data at large radii appear consistent with a uniform metal distribution on scales of $\sim 90\times180$ kpc and larger, providing additional support for the early chemical enrichment scenario driven by galactic winds at redshifts of 2-3.Comment: submitted to MNRA

Ten simple rules for reporting voxel-based morphometry studies

Voxel-based morphometry [Ashburner, J. and Friston, K.J., 2000. Voxel-based morphometry—the methods. NeuroImage 11(6 Pt 1), 805–821] is a commonly used tool for studying patterns of brain change in development or disease and neuroanatomical correlates of subject characteristics. In performing a VBM study, many methodological options are available; if the study is to be easily interpretable and repeatable, the processing steps and decisions must be clearly described. Similarly, unusual methods and parameter choices should be justified in order to aid readers in judging the importance of such options or in comparing the work with other studies. This editorial suggests core principles that should be followed and information that should be included when reporting a VBM study in order to make it transparent, replicable and useful

Bright branes for strongly coupled plasmas

We use holographic techniques to study photon production in a class of finite temperature, strongly coupled, large-Nc SU(Nc) quark-gluon plasmas with Nf << Nc quark flavours. Our results are valid to leading order in the electromagnetic coupling constant but non-perturbatively in the SU(Nc) interactions. The spectral function of electromagnetic currents and other related observables exhibit an interesting structure as a function of the photon frequency and the quark mass. We discuss possible implications for heavy ion collision experiments.Comment: 29 pages, 14 figure