Urban income inequality in China revisited, 1988-2002

Using newly available spatial price deflators, this paper shows that inequality evaluations in the literature overstate the magnitude of inequality and inequality changes in China, as well as the role played by regional differences in the observed inequality rise duringthe 1990s.Inequality; China; Spatial price-deflators; Inequality decomposition

Spatial Decomposition of Inequality

inequality, index, decomposition

Spatial Inequality in Chile

Despite success in reducing poverty over the last twenty years, inequality in Chile has remained virtually unchanged, making Chile one of the least equal countries in the world. High levels of inequality have been shown to hamper further reductions in poverty as well as economic growth and local inequality has been shown to affect Duch outcomes as violence and health. The study of inequality at the local level is thus crucial for understanding the economic well-being of a country. Local measures of inequality have been difficult to obtain, but recent theoretical advances have enabled the combination of survey and census data to obtain estimators of inequality that are robust at disaggregated geographic levels. In this paper, we employ this methodology to produce consistent estimators of inequality for every county in Chile. We find a great deal of variation in inequality, with county-level Gini coefficients ranging from 0.41 to 0.63.Inequality, poverty mapping, Chile

Are neighbors equal?

"A methodology to produce disaggregated estimates of inequality is implemented in three developing countries: Ecuador, Madagascar, and Mozambique. These inequality estimates are decomposed into progressively more disaggregated spatial units and the results in all three countries are suggestive that even at a very high level of spatial disaggregation, the contribution of within-community inequality to overall inequality remains very high. The results also indicate there is a considerable amount of variation across communities in all three countries. The basic correlates of local-level inequality are explored, and it is consistently found that geographic characteristics are strongly correlated with inequality, even after controlling for demographic and economic conditions." Authors' AbstractEquality ,Spatial analysis (Statistics) ,Household surveys ,Economic conditions ,

ON THE RELATIONSHIPS BETWEEN SPATIAL CLUSTERING, INEQUALITY, AND ECONOMIC GROWTH IN THE UNITED STATES : 1969-2000

The literature on economic development has been divided as to the nature of the relationship between inequality and growth. Recent exploratory work in the field has provided evidence that the dynamic and spatial relationships between the two may be far more complicated than previously thought. This paper provides an spatial econometric specification for the analysis of economic growth, that allows for simultaneity as it relates to inequality. Furthermore, attention is given to the possible impacts of local clustering on the performance of individual economies in a global setting. The new methodology is applied to the US states from 1969–2000, where the counties are used for the local inequality and clustering estimates.ECONOMIC GROWTH, INEQUALITY, SIMULTANEITY, SPATIAL CLUSTERING

On a Minkowski-like inequality for asymptotically flat static manifolds

The Minkowski inequality is a classical inequality in differential geometry, giving a bound from below, on the total mean curvature of a convex surface in Euclidean space, in terms of its area. Recently there has been interest in proving versions of this inequality for manifolds other than R^n; for example, such an inequality holds for surfaces in spatial Schwarzschild and AdS-Schwarzschild manifolds. In this note, we adapt a recent analysis of Y. Wei to prove a Minkowski-like inequality for general static asymptotically flat manifolds.Comment: 10 pages. Proc. Amer. Math. Soc. V4: Fixed typo in eq (1.1

Factors influencing income inequality across urban Argentina (1998-2003)

This paper tries to disentangle the most relevant determinants of spatial inequality in the urban areas of Argentina. The analysis is restricted to the period 1998-2003. The study is performed with a Panel Data approach using a random effects model. Results suggest that human capital, measured by rates of education completion, is an important contributor to spatial inequality. High rates of primary education appear to reduce inequality while higher rates of secondary education appear to increase it. Labor market characteristics also play a role: urban areas with higher unemployment rates, higher returns to education and a lower percentage of people employed in the secondary sector tend to have higher levels of inequality. Also, dependency and the percentage of people with unsatisfied basic needs have increasing-inequality effects. Finally, there seems to be a relationship between inequality and the level of development, though not with a clear inverted-U pattern as hypothesized by Kuznets. Results are robust to different measures of inequality and different income specifications.

Experimental Violation of Bell's Inequality in Spatial-Parity Space

We report the first experimental violation of Bell's inequality in the spatial domain using the Einstein--Podolsky--Rosen state. Two-photon states generated via optical spontaneous parametric downconversion are shown to be entangled in the parity of their one-dimensional transverse spatial profile. Superpositions of Bell states are prepared by manipulation of the optical pump's transverse spatial parity--a classical parameter. The Bell-operator measurements are made possible by devising simple optical arrangements that perform rotations in the one-dimensional spatial-parity space of each photon of an entangled pair and projective measurements onto a basis of even--odd functions. A Bell-operator value of 2.389 +- 0.016 is recorded, a violation of the inequality by more than 24 standard deviations.Comment: 10 pages, 3 figures, 1 Tabl

Regional Income Inequality in Rural China, 1985-2002: Trends, Causes and Policy Implications

This paper depicts the trend of regional inequality in rural China for the period 1985-2002. The total inequality is decomposed into the so-called within- and between-components when China is divided into three regional belts (east, central and west). A regression-based accounting framework is then used to explore root sources of the rising inequality. Policy implications are discussed.China, inequality, spatial decomposition, rural