The spatial impact of local infrastructural investment in New Zealand

In this paper we estimate the impact of local authority infrastructure spending in New Zealand using spatial econometric modeling, with the infrastructure spending itself endogenously determined. Utilizing data from the New Zealand Census and Local Authorities Finance data (1991-2008), aggregated to functional labor market areas, we formulate a simultaneous equations growth model of real income, population, land rent and public infrastructure investment. Estimation is conducted using a spatial 3SLS procedure. We find that an increase in local infrastructure spending increases population growth, real income and land values, but is itself endogenous and spatially correlated

City of Zagreb Spatial Data Infrastructure

Osnivanjem Koordinacije za izradu Informacijskog sustava prostornog uređenja Grada Zagreba i Grad Zagreb se aktivno uključio u mnogobrojnu globalnu zajednicu u uspostavi svoje lokalne Zagrebačke infrastrukture prostornih podataka (ZIPP-a). U Gradu Zagrebu mnoga tijela gradske uprave svakodnevno u svom radu koriste i izrađuju različite skupove prostornih podataka i usluga. Svi su oni subjekti ZIPP-a i sigurno je kako međusobno te podatke moraju učiniti dostupnima i dijeliti ih. Bez prostornih podataka i usluga nemoguće je kvalitetno gospodariti prostorom, planirati razvoj Grada, pratiti stanje u prostoru i obavljati mnoge druge zadaće. U ovom radu je dan pregled dosadašnjih aktivnosti na uspostavi ZIPP-a kao i planovi budućih aktivnosti.Through the establishment of the Coordination Group for the City of Zagreb Spatial Management IT System, the City of Zagreb has become actively involved in the wider global community by setting up the Zagreb Spatial Data Infrastructure (ZSDI) service. In the City of Zagreb, many bodies of city administration use and create spatial data and services daily in their work. All are ZSDI users and obviously have to make data mutually available. Without spatial data and services, it would be impossible to manage space effectively, plan city development, monitor the situation on the ground, or carry out many other activities. This paper gives an overview of ZSDI set-up activities so far, as well as plans for the future

Seeing the invisible: from imagined to virtual urban landscapes

Urban ecosystems consist of infrastructure features working together to provide services for inhabitants. Infrastructure functions akin to an ecosystem, having dynamic relationships and interdependencies. However, with age, urban infrastructure can deteriorate and stop functioning. Additional pressures on infrastructure include urbanizing populations and a changing climate that exposes vulnerabilities. To manage the urban infrastructure ecosystem in a modernizing world, urban planners need to integrate a coordinated management plan for these co-located and dependent infrastructure features. To implement such a management practice, an improved method for communicating how these infrastructure features interact is needed. This study aims to define urban infrastructure as a system, identify the systematic barriers preventing implementation of a more coordinated management model, and develop a virtual reality tool to provide visualization of the spatial system dynamics of urban infrastructure. Data was collected from a stakeholder workshop that highlighted a lack of appreciation for the system dynamics of urban infrastructure. An urban ecology VR model was created to highlight the interconnectedness of infrastructure features. VR proved to be useful for communicating spatial information to urban stakeholders about the complexities of infrastructure ecology and the interactions between infrastructure features.https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cities.2019.102559Published versio

A new model based analysis method for regional economic development effects

It is the aim of this paper to provide a new method for the estimation and evaluation of long time ago implemented transport infrastructure and policy measures. This requires before and after data on a small spatial aggregation level. The main problem consists in the separation of the overall economic development, from the spatial impact of the implemented measures. Therefore, timeseries data of economic growth seem to be necessary, at least for some selected variables. However, longterm data series are rather difficult to find, and data uncertainties may lead to fluctuations in the estimated growth rates. In addition, it is an empirical fact that the spatial development of a region, even without any specific infrastructure investment, is not homogeneous. In order to take into account the usual data restrictions and uncertainties as well as the further requirements mentioned above, the spatial dependency and the growth effect will be modeled. It seems to be reasonable, that the rate of change of the regional growth factor depends on the kind of the infrastructure investment implemented, as well as on the 'distances' of the zone is under consideration to different appropriate junction points (e.g. stops of a train, exits to a motorway,...) to the infrastructure. Furthermore, it is reasonable to assume, that the impact of the implemented infrastructure exhibits a strong distance dependence. Of course, a specific investment may have different impacts on the considered socioeconomic indicators. The different spatial growth factors and the parameters describing the spatial impact of the infrastructure investment will be estimated via a nonlinear optimization procedure. The method is applied to the determination and separation of the economic development effects of a light rail system and of a motorway in the Stuttgart Region.

Spatial data infrastructure for ecological environment

The main objective is to ensure the sustainable development of Energy, requires the development of enterprise geographic information systems (GIS) for the modeling of energy systems. The corporate GIS in Ukraine will increase the energy efficiency of the management of energy companies. When you are citing the document, use the following link http://essuir.sumdu.edu.ua/handle/123456789/3162

Infrastructure and the Location of Foreign Direct Investment A Regional Analysis

In the 1990’s, Argentina became a top destination for FDI to developing countries. The geographical distribution of FDI inflows was, however, highly uneven. In parallel, the spatial allocation of public infrastructure greatly mirrored these regional disparities. What were the determinants of FDI location? What was the role of public infrastructure? This paper attempts to answer these questions using spatial econometric techniques for a panel of regional and FDI data of the Argentine provinces. Results suggest that space matters for FDI location, indicating some competition effects in FDI inflows between neighbouring provinces. Paved roads seem also matter but other proxies of infrastructure do not seem to be that important. According to our results, a 10% increase in paved roads per capita augments FDI between 17% and 33% in the average host regional economy. Extending the network of paved roads in neighbouring regions would increase FDI between 12% and 14% but results are not robust.Foreign Direct Investment, Infrastructure, Spatial Econometrics, Economic Geography

Assessing spatial information access, use and sharing for catchment management in Australia

Spatial data plays an important role in many social, environmental, economic and political decisions and is increasingly acknowledged as a national resource essential for sustainable development. One of the potential areas where spatial data can make a positive impact is for improved decision making to support catchment management. Reliable spatial data infrastructure (SDI) is needed to record the environmental, social and economic dimensions of catchment management. By building an appropriate SDI, disparate spatial data can be accessed and utilised to facilitate the exchange and sharing of spatial data between stakeholders across catchment communities. The aim of this paper is to identify the factors/variables contributing to spatial information access, sharing and use across catchment management areas and evaluate the current status of spatial information access, sharing and use among Australian states from a catchment management authority perspective. A survey method was used to collect primary data from 56 regional natural resource management (NRM) bodies responsible for catchment management in Australia. Descriptive statistics method was used to show the similarities and differences among Australian states. The key factors which influence sharing and access to spatial information are also explored. We found there is significant for spatial information access, use and sharing to contribute to SDI development

Geodata

Empirical data can be characterized by a precise location in space and time. An estimated 80% of all data holds such a spatio-temporal reference and is termed geodata. This paper starts with the question: What is the additional benefit for socio-economic sciences using geodata and the spatial dimension respectively? In the following a multidimensional approach is chosen to outline the Status Quo of geodata and spatial techniques in Germany. It is particularly the continuously growing amount and the variety of available geodata which is stated. Data security is an issue of high importance when using geodata. Furthermore, the present developments in price and user concepts, accessibility, technical standards and institutionalisation are addressed. A number of challenges concerning the field of geodata are identified including the open access to geodata, data security issues and standardization. The main challenge however seems to be the exchange between the rather segregated fields of geoinformation and the information infrastructure. Furthermore, the census 2011 is identified as a major challenge for the acquisition and management of geodata. Geodata and spatial techniques are a rapidly developing field due to technology developments of data and methods as well as due to recently growing public interest. Their additional be efit for socioeconomic research should be exploited in the future.geodata, geoinformation, Web-GIS, geodata-infrastructure, spatial techniques

Spatial autocorrelation and non-farm rural enterprises in Indonesia

Non-farm rural enterprises (NFRE) are increasingly studied because of their role in poverty reduction. However, existing studies of the effects of infrastructure on NFRE may give incorrect inferences because they typically fail to account for spatial effects. Such effects could reflect either spatial errors due to excluded local effects or spatial lags due to excluded interactions, such as between households switching out of farm work. We use rural investment climate survey data from Indonesia that allow distances between each household to be measured so that spatial effects can be modeled to assess the bias from ignoring such effects.Infrastructure, Non-farm enterprises, Spatial statistics, Indonesia, Community/Rural/Urban Development,

A Fresh Scrutiny on Openness and Per Capita Income Spillovers in Chinese Cities: A Spatial Econometric Perspective

This paper investigates openness and per capita income spillovers over 367 Chinese cities in the year 2004. Per capita income is modelled as dependent on investment, physical and social infrastructure, human capital, governmental policies and openness to the world. Our empirical analysis improves substantially the previous research in several respects: Firstly, by extending the data set to prefecture-level, it tackles the aggregation bias. Secondly, the introduction of recently developed explanatory spatial data analysis (ESDA) and spatial regression techniques allows to address misspecification issues due to spatial dependence. Thirdly, the endogeneity problem in the regression is taken into consideration through the use of generalised method of moments (GMM) estimator. Our major findings are in Chinese cities, physical and social infrastructure development, human capital and investment could be recognised as major driving sources of per capita income (i), whereas, the government expenditure ratio exerts a negative impact on per capita GDP level (ii). Our empirical findings also yield evidence on the existence of FDI and foreign trade spillovers in China (iii). These findings are robust to a number of alternative spatial weighting matrix specifications.