Burnout syndrome among preschool teachers in Serbia

Uvod: Sindrom sagorevanja je konceptualizovan kao rezultat hroničnog stresa na radnom mestu koji nije uspešno kontrolisan. Sve više se prepoznaje kao faktor koji utiče na zdravstveno stanje i ispituje se među različitim profesionalnim grupama. Postoji potreba za pouzdanim i validnim instrumentom za njegovo ispitivanje. Pedagoški rad smatra se jednim od stresnijih zanimanja, posebno rad sa decom predškolskog uzrasta. Vaspitači se pojavljuju kao profesionalna grupa od značaja u oblasti istraživanja sindroma sagorevanja, pa je cilj ove studije bio da se proceni validnost i pouzdanost srpske verzije Kopenhagen upitnika o sagorevanju na poslu; ispita prevalencija sindroma sagorevanja i faktori koji su sa njim povezani; i ispita učestalost depresije i anksioznosti među vaspitačima u predškolskim ustanovama i faktore povezane sa depresijom i anksioznošću. Materijali i metode: Istraživanje je dizajnirano po tipu studije preseka, sprovedeno između oktobra 2018. i aprila 2019. godine na nacionalnom reprezentativnom uzorku vaspitača u Srbiji. Instrument istraživanja je sadržao šest celina: socijalno–demografske i socijalno–ekonomske karakteristike; zdravlje i karakteristike stila života; karakteristike radne sredine; Kopenhagen upitnik o sagorevanju na poslu; Bekovu skalu depresije i Cungovu skalu anksioznosti. Kronbahov alfa koeficijent i intraklasni koeficijent korelacije su korišćeni za procenu unutrašnje konzistentnosti i test-retest pouzdanosti upitnika (Kopenhagen upitnik o sagorevanju na poslu) a validnost je ispitana korišćenjem eksplorativne i konfirmatorne faktorske analize. Razlike između ispitanika u grupi sa i bez sindroma sagorevanja ispitivane su uz pomoć Hi kvadrat testa za kvalitativne varijable, odnosno T-testa za numeričke varijable. Sve varijable koje su se pokazale značajnim su uvrštene u multivarijantni logistički regresioni model sa sindromom sagorevanja kao ishodnom varijablom. Rezultati: Učestalost sindroma sagorevanja na poslu iznosila je 27,1%. Učestalost sagorevanja po skalama Kopenhagen upitnika o sagorevanju na poslu bila je 25,4% za lično sagorevanje, 27,0% za sagorevanje povezano sa poslom i 23,4% za sagorevanje povezano sa decom. Prosečan skor za ukupno sagorevanje bio je 39,1 ± 17,0, dok je prosečan skor po skalama Kopenhagen upitnika o sagorevanju na poslu bio: 41,3 ± 18,7 za lično sagorevanje, 41,2 ± 15,9 za sagorevanje povezano sa poslom i 34,7 ± 22,0 za sagorevanje povezano sa decom. Kronbahov alfa koeficijent za celu skalu Kopenhagen upitnika o sagorevanju na poslu bio je 0,936. Kronbahov alfa koeficijent za skalu koja je ispitivala lično sagorevanje bio je 0,906, Kronbahov alfa koeficijent za skalu koja je ispitivala sagorevanje povezano sa poslom bio je 0,765, dok za skalu koja je ispitivala sagorevanje povezano sa decom bio je 0,901. Intraklasni koeficijent korelacije iznosio je 0,754. Multivarijantna logistička regresiona analiza sa sindromom sagorevanja kao ishodnom varijablom pokazala je da biti samac (OR: 0,18, 95% CI: 0,05 - 0,58), imati loše (OR: 6,05, 95% CI: 1,05 - 34,91) ili prosečno (OR: 3,60, 95% CI: 1,57 - 8,25) samoprocenjeno zdravlje, nedostupnost didaktičko - igrovnih sredstava (OR: 2,71, 95% CI: 1,21 - 6,04), viši skor na Bekovoj skali depresije (OR: 1,19, 95% CI: 1,09 - 1,29) ili Cungovoj skali anksioznosti (OR: 1,10, 95% CI: 1,03 - 1,18) je značajno povezano sa sindromom sagorevanja među ispitanicima. Zaključak: Kopenhagen upitnik o sagorevanju na poslu je pouzdan i validan instrument i može se koristiti u populaciji vaspitača. Učestalost sindroma sagorevanja na poslu među vaspitačima u Srbiji bila je 27,1%. Faktori povezani sa sindromom sagorevanja na poslu bili su bračni status, samoprocenjeno zdravlje, dostupnost didaktičko-igrovnih sredstava, skor na Cungovoj skali anksioznosti i skor na Bekovoj skali depresije. Svaki dvadeseti ispitanik imao je skor na Bekovoj skali depresije koji odgovara blagoj, umerenoj ili teškoj depresiji. Svaki dvadeseti ispitanik je imao simptome anksioznosti. Za svaki poen skora na Bekovoj skali depresije postojala je 19% veća verovatnoća za prisustvo simptoma anksioznosti.Introduction: Burnout syndrome is conceptualized as resulting from chronic workplace stress that has not been successfully managed. It is being increasingly recognized as a factor that affects the health status and is being examined among different professional groups. There is a need for a reliable and valid instrument for its examination. Pedagogical work is considered one of the most stressful occupations, especially work with preschool children. Preschool teachers are emerging as a professional group of interest in the area of burnout research, so the aim of this study was to assess the validity and reliability of the Serbian version of the Copenhagen Burnout Inventory among preschool teachers in Serbia; to examine the prevalence of burnout syndrome and factors associated with it; and to examine the prevalence of depression and anxiety among preschool teachers and factors associated with depression and anxiety. Materials and Methods: The research is designed as cross-sectional study and it was conducted between October 2018 and April 2019 on a nationally representative sample of preschool teachers in Serbia. The research instrument contained six sections: socio-demographic and socio-economic characteristics of the respondents; health and lifestyle characteristics; workplace characteristics; Copenhagen Burnout Inventory; the Beck Depression Inventory and the Zung Anxiety Scale. The Cronbach's alpha coefficient and the intraclass correlation coefficient were used to assess the internal consistency and test-retest the reliability of the questionnaire, while the construct validity was examined using exploratory and confirmatory factor analyses. Differences between participants in the group with and without burnout syndrome were examined using the Chi-square test for qualitative variables, and the T-test for numerical variables. All variables that were significant were included in the multivariate logistic regression model, with burnout syndrome as the outcome variable. Results: The frequency of burnout syndrome at work was 27.1%. The frequency of burnout on the Copenhagen Burnout Inventory scale was 25.4% for personal burnout, 27.0% for work-related burnout, and 23.4% for children-related burnout. The average score on total burnout was 39.1 ± 17.0, while the average score per scales on the Copenhagen burnout inventory was: 41.3 ± 18.7 for personal burnout, 41.2 ± 15.9 for work-related burnout, and 34.7 ± 22.0 for children-related burnout. The Cronbach’s alpha for the entire scale was 0.936, the Cronbach’s alpha for the personal burnout scale was 0.906, and the Cronbach’s alpha for the work-related burnout scale was 0.765, while the Cronbach’s alpha for the children-related burnout scale was 0.901. The intraclass correlation coefficient was 0.754. The exploratory factor analysis for the Copenhagen Burnout Inventory showed three factors. The factor loadings varied from 0.575 to 0.859. The three factors explained 67.17% of the variance. Multivariate logistic regression analysis with burnout syndrome as an outcome variable showed that being single (OR: 0.18, 95% CI: 0.05-0.58), having poor (OR: 6.05, 95% CI: 1.05-34.91), or average (OR: 3.60, 95% CI: 1.57-8.25) self-rated health, not having didactic tools (OR: 2.71, 95% CI: 1.21-6.04), having a higher score on the Beck Depression Inventory (OR: 1.19, 95% CI: 1.09-1.29) or the Zung Anxiety Scale (OR: 1.10, 95% CI: 1.03-1.18), was significantly associated with burnout syndrome among our participants. Conclusion: The Copenhagen Burnout Inventory is a reliable and valid instrument and can be used in the population of preschool teachers. The incidence of burnout syndrome among preschool teachers in Serbia was 27.1%. Factors associated with burnout syndrome were marital status, self-assessed health, availability of didactic tools, the score on the Zung Anxiety Scale, and the score on the Beck Depression Inventory. Every twentieth participant had a score on the Beck Depression Inventory corresponding to mild, moderate or severe depression. Every twentieth participant had symptoms of anxiety. For every point on the Beck Depression Inventory, there was a 19% higher probability for anxiety symptoms

Sindrom sagorevanja radnika zaposlenih u Gradskom zavodu za hitnu medicinsku pomoć

Introduction/Objective. The phenomenon of 'burnout at work' is a psychological syndrome that leads to emotional exhaustion (physical and psychological), dehumanization of relationships with others and feelings of professional incompetence in professionally demanding situations. Consequently, this syndrome diminishes professional commitment, especially those who provide services to others, such as health workers, police officers, journalists, judges, professors, managers, etc. In recent decades, the scientific community is genuinely interested in studying professional stress and consequences associated with performing various activities, especially in the fields of health care, education and public administration. According to the results of these surveys, between 20-30%, and in some research and many more doctors, professors and workers in social activities, showed a significant presence of certain symptoms of combustion syndrome. Method. The study was conducted in the Municipal institution for emergency medical aid in Belgrade in Jun 2017 and included 70 respondents (35 men and 35 women) aged 22-62, who performed the duties of managers, doctors, medical technicians, Dispatcher, operator, administration and driver. Results. The results of the research on stress exposure show that 44.3% of the respondents of this healthcare institution are exposed to a high level of stress. The results of the combustion show that 20% of the respondents in the first degree of combustion, which is designated as a risky phase, that as much as 45.7% of the respondents in the second degree of combustion, which is designated as a candidate for combustion, and that 17.1% of the respondents in the third pretend Phase, which is designated as a combustion phase. Observing the vulnerability of individual groups of respondents, the results show that the dispatchers and managers of this healthcare institution are most exposed to stress, followed by doctors and field medical technicians, operators, operators and eventually drivers. In terms of combustion syndrome, dispatchers, doctors and medical technicians in the field are the most vulnerable, then operators, administrators and managers are equally at risk, while drivers are at least at risk. It is also important to point out that medical field technicians, dispatchers and operators have shown the greatest presence of certain symptoms of combustion syndrome. Conclusion. Based on the results of the study, the existence of a combustion syndrome can be noted in a significant number of employees of the Municipal institution for emergency medical aid (83%), who have noted the presence of some of the symptoms of combustion syndrome. The results also indicate that the youngest respondents are less exposed to stress, that is, in certain groups of subjects such as drivers, significantly less presence of combustion symptoms was observed, while in field medical field technicians, which in a sample are also part of the younger group of subjects, that even 50% of them are in the third stage, which is designated as a combustion phase.Uvod/cilj. Fenomen 'sagorevanja na poslu' je psihološki sindrom koji dovodi do emocionalne iscrpljenosti (fizička i psihička), dehumanizacije odnosa sa drugima i osećaja profesionalne nekompetentnosti u profesionalno zahtevnim situacijama. Posledično, ovaj sindrom umanjuje profesionalnu posvećenost, posebno onih koji svoje usluge pružaju drugima, kao što su zdravstveni radnici, policijski službenici, novinari, sudije, profesori, menadžeri itd. Poslednjih decenija naučna javnost je istinski zainteresovana za izučavanje profesionalnog stresa i posledica povezanih sa obavljanjem raznih delatnosti, posebno u oblasti zdravstvene zaštite, edukacije i javne administracije. Prema rezultatima tih istraživanja između 20-30%, a u pojedinim istraživanjima i mnogo više lekara, profesora i radnika u društvenim delatnostima, je pokazalo značajno prisustvo pojedinih simptoma sindroma sagorevanja. Metode. Istraživanje je sprovedeno u Gradskom zavodu za hitnu medicinsku pomoć (GZZHMP) u Beogradu, u junu 2017. godine i obuhvatalo je 70 ispitanika (35 muškaraca i 35 žena), starosti od 22-62 godine, koji su obavljali poslove rukovodioca, lekara, medicinskih tehničara, dispečera, operatera, administracije i vozača. Rezultati. Rezultati istraživanja u vezi izloženosti stresu pokazuju, da je 44.3% ispitanika ove zdravsteve ustanove izloženo visokom nivou stresa. Rezultati u vezi sagorevanja pokazuju, da je 20% ispitanika u prvom stepenu sagorevanja, koje se označava kao rizična faza, da je čak 45.7% ispitanika u drugom stepenu izgaranja, koje se označava kao kandidat za sagorevanje i da je 17.1% ispitanika u trećoj pretposlednjoj fazi, koja se označava kao faza sagorevanja. Posmatrajući ugroženost pojedinačnih grupa ispitanika, rezultati pokazuju da su dispečeri i rukovodioci ove zdravstvene ustanove najviše izloženi stresu, zatim slede lekari i medicinski tehničari na terenu, administracija, operateri i na kraju vozači. U pogledu sindroma sagorevanja, najugroženiji su dispečeri, lekari i medicinski tehničari na terenu, zatim podjednako operateri, administracija i rukovodioci, dok su vozači najmanje ugroženi. Takođe je značajno istaći da su medicinski tehničari na terenu, dispečeri i operateri, pokazali najveće prisustvo pojedinih simptoma sindroma sagorevanja. Zaključak. Na osnovu rezultata istraživanja može se konstatovati postojanje sindroma izgaranja kod značajnog broja radnika GZZHMP (83%), kod kojih je konstatovano prisustvo nekih od simptoma sindroma sagorevanja. Rezultati takođe ukazuju da su najmlađi ispitanici manje izloženi stresu, odnosno da je kod pojedinih grupa ispitanika kao što su vozači, uočeno značajno manje prisustvo simptoma sagorevanja, dok je kod medicinskih tehničara na terenu, koji takođe u uvom uzorku spadaju u mlađu grupu ispitanika, uočeno, da se čak 50% njih nalazi u trećoj fazi, koja se označava kao faza sagorevanja

Sindrom sagorevanja radnika zaposlenih u Gradskom zavodu za hitnu medicinsku pomoć

Introduction/Objective. The phenomenon of 'burnout at work' is a psychological syndrome that leads to emotional exhaustion (physical and psychological), dehumanization of relationships with others and feelings of professional incompetence in professionally demanding situations. Consequently, this syndrome diminishes professional commitment, especially those who provide services to others, such as health workers, police officers, journalists, judges, professors, managers, etc. In recent decades, the scientific community is genuinely interested in studying professional stress and consequences associated with performing various activities, especially in the fields of health care, education and public administration. According to the results of these surveys, between 20-30%, and in some research and many more doctors, professors and workers in social activities, showed a significant presence of certain symptoms of combustion syndrome. Method. The study was conducted in the Municipal institution for emergency medical aid in Belgrade in Jun 2017 and included 70 respondents (35 men and 35 women) aged 22-62, who performed the duties of managers, doctors, medical technicians, Dispatcher, operator, administration and driver. Results. The results of the research on stress exposure show that 44.3% of the respondents of this healthcare institution are exposed to a high level of stress. The results of the combustion show that 20% of the respondents in the first degree of combustion, which is designated as a risky phase, that as much as 45.7% of the respondents in the second degree of combustion, which is designated as a candidate for combustion, and that 17.1% of the respondents in the third pretend Phase, which is designated as a combustion phase. Observing the vulnerability of individual groups of respondents, the results show that the dispatchers and managers of this healthcare institution are most exposed to stress, followed by doctors and field medical technicians, operators, operators and eventually drivers. In terms of combustion syndrome, dispatchers, doctors and medical technicians in the field are the most vulnerable, then operators, administrators and managers are equally at risk, while drivers are at least at risk. It is also important to point out that medical field technicians, dispatchers and operators have shown the greatest presence of certain symptoms of combustion syndrome. Conclusion. Based on the results of the study, the existence of a combustion syndrome can be noted in a significant number of employees of the Municipal institution for emergency medical aid (83%), who have noted the presence of some of the symptoms of combustion syndrome. The results also indicate that the youngest respondents are less exposed to stress, that is, in certain groups of subjects such as drivers, significantly less presence of combustion symptoms was observed, while in field medical field technicians, which in a sample are also part of the younger group of subjects, that even 50% of them are in the third stage, which is designated as a combustion phase.Uvod/cilj. Fenomen 'sagorevanja na poslu' je psihološki sindrom koji dovodi do emocionalne iscrpljenosti (fizička i psihička), dehumanizacije odnosa sa drugima i osećaja profesionalne nekompetentnosti u profesionalno zahtevnim situacijama. Posledično, ovaj sindrom umanjuje profesionalnu posvećenost, posebno onih koji svoje usluge pružaju drugima, kao što su zdravstveni radnici, policijski službenici, novinari, sudije, profesori, menadžeri itd. Poslednjih decenija naučna javnost je istinski zainteresovana za izučavanje profesionalnog stresa i posledica povezanih sa obavljanjem raznih delatnosti, posebno u oblasti zdravstvene zaštite, edukacije i javne administracije. Prema rezultatima tih istraživanja između 20-30%, a u pojedinim istraživanjima i mnogo više lekara, profesora i radnika u društvenim delatnostima, je pokazalo značajno prisustvo pojedinih simptoma sindroma sagorevanja. Metode. Istraživanje je sprovedeno u Gradskom zavodu za hitnu medicinsku pomoć (GZZHMP) u Beogradu, u junu 2017. godine i obuhvatalo je 70 ispitanika (35 muškaraca i 35 žena), starosti od 22-62 godine, koji su obavljali poslove rukovodioca, lekara, medicinskih tehničara, dispečera, operatera, administracije i vozača. Rezultati. Rezultati istraživanja u vezi izloženosti stresu pokazuju, da je 44.3% ispitanika ove zdravsteve ustanove izloženo visokom nivou stresa. Rezultati u vezi sagorevanja pokazuju, da je 20% ispitanika u prvom stepenu sagorevanja, koje se označava kao rizična faza, da je čak 45.7% ispitanika u drugom stepenu izgaranja, koje se označava kao kandidat za sagorevanje i da je 17.1% ispitanika u trećoj pretposlednjoj fazi, koja se označava kao faza sagorevanja. Posmatrajući ugroženost pojedinačnih grupa ispitanika, rezultati pokazuju da su dispečeri i rukovodioci ove zdravstvene ustanove najviše izloženi stresu, zatim slede lekari i medicinski tehničari na terenu, administracija, operateri i na kraju vozači. U pogledu sindroma sagorevanja, najugroženiji su dispečeri, lekari i medicinski tehničari na terenu, zatim podjednako operateri, administracija i rukovodioci, dok su vozači najmanje ugroženi. Takođe je značajno istaći da su medicinski tehničari na terenu, dispečeri i operateri, pokazali najveće prisustvo pojedinih simptoma sindroma sagorevanja. Zaključak. Na osnovu rezultata istraživanja može se konstatovati postojanje sindroma izgaranja kod značajnog broja radnika GZZHMP (83%), kod kojih je konstatovano prisustvo nekih od simptoma sindroma sagorevanja. Rezultati takođe ukazuju da su najmlađi ispitanici manje izloženi stresu, odnosno da je kod pojedinih grupa ispitanika kao što su vozači, uočeno značajno manje prisustvo simptoma sagorevanja, dok je kod medicinskih tehničara na terenu, koji takođe u uvom uzorku spadaju u mlađu grupu ispitanika, uočeno, da se čak 50% njih nalazi u trećoj fazi, koja se označava kao faza sagorevanja

Assessment of burnout syndrome among nursery teachers in preschool institutions in Belgrade

Sindrom sagorevanja predstavlja stanje fizičke, emocionalne i mentalne iscrpljenosti izazvane dugotrajnim izlaganjem emocionalno zahtevnim situacijama na poslu. Rad sa malom decom može biti veoma stresan, zbog čega medicinske sestre – vaspitači predstavljaju visoko rizičnu grupu za razvoj sindroma sagorevanja na poslu. U ovom istraživanju ispitana je prevalenca sindroma sagorevanja na poslu kod medicinskih sestara - vaspitača u beogradskim predškolskim ustanovama, procenjene su psihometrijske karakteristike opšteg upitnika sagorevanja na poslu (MBI-GS) i ispitani prediktori sindroma sagorevanja, kao i značaj karakteristika ličnosti za razvoj ovog sindroma. METOD: Istraživanje predstavlja studiju preseka sprovedenu u predškolskim ustanovama u Beogradu. Reprezentativni uzorak odabran je po tipu stratifikovanog klaster uzorka. Sindrom sagorevanja procenjen je korišćenjem opšteg upitnika sagorevanja na poslu (MBI-GS). Upitnik je adaptiran za upotrebu na srpskom govornom području, na osnovu međunarodno prihvaćene metodologije za prevod i kulturološku adaptaciju. Psihometrijske karakteristike srpske verzije MBIGS upitnika analizirane su ispitivanjem faktorske strukture i interne konzistentnosti. Za procenu karakteristika ličnosti korišćena je skraćena verzija upitnika „Velikih pet plus dva“. Odobrenje za sprovođenje istraživanja dobijeno je od Sekretarijata za obrazovanje i dečju zaštitu grada Beograda, i Etičkog odbora Medicinskog fakulteta Univerziteta u Beogradu. REZULTATI: Studijom su obuhvaćene 302 medicinske sestre – vaspitači prosečne starosti 38+9.2 godina, ženskog pola. Konfirmatornom faktorskom analizom potvrdjena struktura upitnika sa tri faktora (iscrpljenost, cinizam i profesionalna efikasnost). Kod 251 (83.1%) ispitanice utvrdjeno je prisustvo umerenog stepena sindroma sagorevanja. U multiploj regresionoj analizi, pozitivna valenca i savesnost su bile značajno povezane sa profesionalnom efikasnošću. Agresivnost, neuroticizam, otvorenost i starost bili su značajno povezani sa iscrpljenošću. Agresivnost, neuroticizam i obavljanje dodatnih poslova bili su povezani sa cinizmom. ZAKLJUČAK: Zadovoljavajuće psihometrijske karakteristike srpske verzije upitnika MBI-GS su potvrđene ovom studijom. Većina medicinskih sestara - vaspitača pokazala je umeren stepen sindroma sagorevanja na poslu. Osobine ličnosti utiču na pojavu sindroma sagorevanja na poslu kod medicinskih sestara - vaspitača koje rade u predškolskim ustanovama.Burnout syndrome is a state of physical, emotional and mental exhaustion caused by prolonged exposure to emotionally demanding situations at work. Working with young children can be very stressful, this is why nursery teachers represent a high risk group for the development of burnout syndrome at work. The aim of this study was to examine the prevalence of burnout syndrome among nursery teachers in Belgrade’s preschool institutions, to assess the psychometric characteristics of the general burnout questionnaire (MBI-GS), identify predictors of burnout syndrome, and the role of personality traits in its development. METHODS: A cross-sectional study was conducted in all Belgrade’s preschool institutions. A stratified cluster sampling method was used to obtain a representative sample. Burnout was measured using the Maslach Burnout Inventory- General Survey (MBI-GS). The MBI-GS adaptation was based on an internationally accepted methodology for translation and cultural adaptation. Psychometric properties of the Serbian version of the MBI-GS were analyzed by the confirmatory factorial analysis and measures of internal consistency. A shortened version of Big Five Plus Two questionnaire was used to measure Personality traits. The approval was obtained from the Secretariat for Education and Child Protection of the City of Belgrade, and from the Ethics Committee of the Medical Faculty University of Belgrade. RESULTS: Three hundred two health care professionals were enrolled. The mean age was 38±9.2 years and all were female. Confirmatory factor analysis validated the three-factor structure of the questionnaire (exhaustion, cynicism and professional efficacy). Overall, 251 (83.1%) respondents were found to have moderate burnout. In multiple regression analysis, positive valence and conscientiousness were significantly associated with professional efficacy. Aggressiveness, neuroticism, openness, and age, were significantly associated with exhaustion. Aggressiveness, neuroticism and additional jobs showed association with cynicism. CONCLUSION: Present study provided the evidence for the appropriate metric properties of the Serbian version of MBI-GS. Most nurses demonstrated moderate burnout level. Personality traits are characteristics that affect presence of burnout syndrome in healthcare professionals working in preschool institutions

The study of burnout syndrome in healthcare professionals working at an oncology centre

Sindrom sagorevanja (eng. burnout) je okupacioni fenomen koji utiče na svakodnevno životno i profesionalno funkcionisanje osobe, a može imati i negativan uticaj na bezbednost pacijenta i kvalitet pružene usluge. Sindrom sagorevanja je definisan kao psihološko stanje koje karakteriše emocionalna iscrpljenost, depersonalizacija i smanjeno lično postignuće. Cilj: Cilj ovog rada je bio procena prevalencije sindroma sagorevanja kod zdravstvenih radnika i zdravstvenih saradnika zaposlenih u najvećem referentnom onkološkom centru u Srbiji i prepoznavanje osetljivih subkohorti zaposlenih koji su u najvećem riziku za nastanak sindroma sagorevanja. Metod: Studija preseka sprovedena je u Institutu za onkologiju i radiologiju Srbije u periodu od maja 2019. do jula 2019. godine. Upotrebom standardizovanih upitnika evaluirali smo stepen sindroma sagorevanja, depresivnost, zamor, socijalno demografske i profesionalne karakteristike i kvalitet života kod lekara, medicinskih sestara/tehničara i zdravstvenih saradnika. Od 576 distribuiranih upitnika, 432 ispitanika je prihvatilo učešće u istraživanju (75%). Rezultati: Prevalencija sindroma sagorevanja kod zdravstvenih radnika i zdravstvenih saradnika je bila 43.4%, sa najvećim stepenom sagorevanja u domenu emocionalne iscrpljenosti (66.9%). U nekorigovanom modelu, rezultati multivarijantne regresione analize pokazali su da medicinske sestre/tehničari imaju 1.41 puta veću verovatnoću da razviju sindrom sagorevanja u odnosu na lekare (OR=1.41, 95% CI 1.16-7.10),i da svaka godina radnog staža u onkologiji povećava rizik za oko 2% (OR=1.02, 95% CI 1.00-1.92). Takođe, utvrđeno je da sa svakim bodom PHQ-9 skora verovatnoća za nastanak sindroma sagorevanja se povećava 14% (OR=1.14, 95% CI 1.07-1.94). Na kraju, nakon kontrole svih potencijalnih pridruženih varijabli, pokazano je da kompozitni skor mentalnog zdravlja ima nezavisnu prognostičku vrednost u proceni sindroma sagorevanja i da sa svakim bodom ovog skora verovatnoća za nastanak sindroma sagorevanja raste 17% (OR=1.17, p=0.002). Zaključak: Naše istraživanje je pokazalo da postoji značajan stepen sindroma sagorevanja kod zdravstvenih radnika i zdravstvenih saradnika, naročito u populaciji medicinskih sestara i zdravstvenih tehničara. Neophodno je razviti efikasne modele podrške na individualnom i sistemskom nivou za zdravstvene radnike i saradnike koji leče i pružaju zdravstvenu negu onkološkim pacijentima.Burnout is an occupational phenomenon that affects the psychological well-being and quality of life of healthcare professionals with potential negative impact on patients’ safety and quality of health care. It has been defined as a psychological state of emotional exhaustion, depersonalization and reduced personal accomplishment. Objective: The aim of this study was to investigate the level of burnout and identify who is at highest risk among healthcare professionals (HCPs) working at the largest referent national institution. Methods: A cross-sectional survey was conducted at the Institute of Oncology and Radiology of Serbia from May 2019 to July 2019, evaluating the level of burnout, depression, fatigue, socio-demographic, behavioural and professional characteristics, and quality of life among healthcare professionals. Of the 576 distributed questionnaires among physicians, nurses/technicians and healthcare co-workers, 432 participants returned their questionnaires (75%). All instruments used in our study had been validated and cross-culturally adapted to Serbian language. Results:The overall prevalence of burnout was 42.4%, with the greatest proportion of burned out in emotional exhaustion domain (66.9%). The multivariable-adjusted model analysis showed that nurses/technicians had a 1.41 times greater chance of experiencing burnout, compared to physicians (OR=1.41, 95% CI 1.16-7.10), and that with each year of work experience, the chance of burnout increased by about 2% (OR=1.02, 95% CI 1.00-1.92). Furthermore, it was shown that, with each point in the PHQ-9 score for depression, probability of burnout increased by 14% (OR=1.14, 95% CI 1.07-1.94). Finally, after controlling all these potential confounders, the Mental Composite Score of SF-36 score showed an independent prognostic value in exploring the burnout presence among HCPs (OR=1.17, 95% CI 1.03-2.47). Conclusion: Our research showed a significant level of burnout among healthcare professionals working in oncology, especially among nurses/technicians. The development of effective interventions at both individual and organizational level toward specific risk groups is needed

The study of burnout syndrome in teachers in the Republic of Srpska and factors contributing to its occurrence

Sindrom sagorevanja na poslu je u fokusu istraživanja od 1970-te godine. Definiše se kao interpersonalna stresogena reakcija na radnom mestu koju karakterišu tri dimenzije: emocionalna iscrpljenost, cinizam ili depersonalizacija i osećaj male lične ostvarenosti. Istraživanje ovog sindroma je u centru pažnje pre svega zbog posledica koje ostavlja na zdravlje zaposlenih i njihove radne performanse što neminovno vodi do ekonomskih opterećenja za poslodavce i samu državu. U Norveškoj je procenjeno da godišnji troškovi povezani sa ovim fenomenom dosežu i do 1,7 milijardi evra. U Nemačkoj se smatra da poremećaji prouzrokovani stresom predstavljaju vodeće uzroke prevremenog penzionisanja. Sindromom sagorevanja na poslu pogođen je širok spektar zanimanja (zdravstveni radnici, psiholozi, socijalni radnici, nastavno osoblje, menadžeri), međutim, nastavničko zanimanje se ističe kao jedno od zanimanja sa velikim socioekonomskim značajem. Istraživanje sindroma sagorevanja na poslu u ovoj populaciji zahteva dodatnu pažnju pre svega zbog posledica koje ostavlja na mentalni i emotivni razvoj dece, njihova akademska postignuća, te samim tim i na celokupan obrazovni sistem. U nastanku ovoga sindroma karakteristike radne sredine su značajni prediktori, zbog čega je i prepoznat kao profesionalno oboljenje u nekoliko zemalja Evrope. Ipak, iako svi zaposleni dele istu radnu sredinu ne razvijaju svi sindrom sagorevanja na poslu, što ukazuje i na značaj ličnih karakteristika (tip ličnosti, temperament, afekat, samopoštovanje i druge) u razvoju ovoga sindroma. U literaturi se nalaze različiti kontradiktorni podaci o uticaju sociodemografskih karakteristika, kao što su pol, polna jednakost, bračni status, nivo obrazovanja i radni staž na sindrom sagorevanja na poslu. Pored njih, istraživani su još sukob poslovnih i porodičnih uloga i socijalna podrška. Neminovno je da podaci o etiološkim faktorima ovoga fenomena i dalje nedostaju, što ukazuje na potrebu za istraživanjima. Ciljevi Cilj ovog istraživanja je procena prevalencije sindroma sagorevanja na poslu u populaciji nastavnika osnovnih i srednjih škola u Republici Srpskoj. Drugi cilj istraživanja predstavlja identifikovanje faktora koji su povezani sa sindromom sagorevanja na poslu i davanje predloga preventivnih mera. Materijal i metode Istraživanje je sprovedeno kao studija preseka u periodu avgust–septembar 2018. godine na teritoriji Republike Srpske, odnosno njenim geografskim regijama (Prijedor, Banja Luka, Doboj, Bijeljina, Istočno Sarajevo i Trebinje), tokom obaveznih preventivnih pregleda nastavnika pre početka školske godine. Istraživanje je bilo anonimno i ponuđeno je svakom četvrtom nastavniku koji je pristupio preventivnom pregledu...interpersonal stressful reaction at workplace, characterized through three dimensions: emotional exhaustion, cynicism or depersonalization and the feeling of reduced personal accomplishment. Examining this syndrome is in the center of attention primarily due to the consequences it has on employees’ health and their work performance, which undoubtedly creates the economic burden for both the employer and the country. It is estimated that annual costs of burnout-related phenomenon reach up to 1.7 billion euro in Norway. In Germany, it is believed that stress-related disorders make the leading causes of premature retirement. The burnout syndrome affects a large number of professions (health workers, psychologists, social workers, teachers, managers), but it is the teaching profession that is emphasized as one of the professions with a great socio-economic importance. Conducting research in the field of burnout syndrome among this population requires additional attention mostly due to consequences it has on mental and emotional development of children, their academic achievement and therefore, educational system, as well. Working environment plays an important part in developing this syndrome, which is why the syndrome has been recognized as a occupational disease in several European countries. However, although every employee shares the same working environment, not all of them develop burnout syndrome. This shows how important personal characteristics are (personality type, temper, affect, self-esteem, and some others) in developing this syndrome. There is various contradictory data in literature regarding the influence of socio-demographic characteristics such as gender, gender equality, marital status, education level and length of service onburnout syndrome. Apart from these properties, the conflict of professional and family roles has also been examined, as well as social support. It is clear that the data on etiological factors of this phenomenon still lacks, which implies the need for additional research. Aims The aim of this research is to evaluate the prevalence of burnout syndrome among primary and secondary school teachers in the Republic of Srpska. The other aim is to identify factors connected to the syndrome and suggest a series of preventive measures. Material and methods The research was carried out as a cross sectional study in August and Septemberof 2018 in the Republic of Srpska, that is, in its geographic regions (Prijedor, Banja Luka, Doboj, Bijeljina, East Sarajevo and Trebinje) together with obligatory preventive medical examinations of teachers before the start of a new school year.The research was anonymous and was given to every fourth teacher who underwent the preventive examination..

Burnout syndrome and impact on our life

Burnout syndrome is a state of emotional, mental and physical exhaustion caused by excessive and prolonged stress. Burnout, a social and professional problem that the long-term effect on the mental and physical health of the employee, the results of its work and motivation, and life in general. The aims of research: Define and identify the causes of burnout; Recognize the symptoms of burnout; Measure the degree of 'burning' of employees in the Health Center; Strategies for overcoming and preventing burout. Materials and Methods: The study was conducted in the Health center Krusevac, in March 2015. The survey instrument is a questionnaire to determine the degree of burnout syndrome by Freudenberger scale of burnout. At 119 questionnaires were answered all the questions. Results: A good result had 19.32% of the respondents, 46.21% are candidates for burnout syndrome, 'burned' is 3.36%, or 4 subjects. Discussion: Most 'burned' in the General Medicine and Health care service for children. Conclusion: It is necessary to train health workers to timely recognize the signs of global professional combustion. Learn how to say 'no' to requests that use 'your' time. A proactive rather than passive approach to the issues in your workplace is very important. You'll feel less helpless if you assert and express their needs

Testing the effectiveness of work in the Balint group in developing empathy and preventing the burnout syndrome of doctors

Ciljevi ovog istraživanja su bili ispitavanje da li je učestvovanje u Balint grupama povezano sa većim stepenom empatije i smanjenjem sindroma sagorevanja lekara, kao i ispitivanje psihometrijskih karakteristika upitnika za empatiju, Interpersonal Reactivity Index (IRI), uključujući lingvističku validaciju i kulturološku adaptaciju srpske verzije upitnika. Metod: Ovo istraživanje je obuhvatilo 210 lekara iz primarne zdravstvene zaštite. Od 210 lekara, 70 je završilo Balint edukaciju u trajanju od minimum godinu dana, dok 140 lekara nije pohađalo pomenutu edukaciju. Za svakog doktora sa završenom Balint edukacijom metodom slučajnog izbora izabrana su po dva lekara koja nisu završila ovu edukaciju, a koja rade u istom domu zdravlja i imaju istu poziciju (lekar opšte medicine ili specijalista). Kriterijumi za isključivanje iz studije za obe grupe lekara su bili sledeći: lekari koji su bili na bolovanju ili odmoru najmanje mesec dana pre prikupljanja podataka, koji su imali prekid u radu duže od jedne godine (usavršavanje u inostranstvu, dugotrajna bolest ili česte promene posla u poslednjih pet godina) i koji su bili izloženi većoj fizičkoj ili psihičkoj traumi van posla (bolest ili smrt u porodici, razvod, itd.). Za potrebe ovog istraživanja, konstruisan je opšti upitnik za ispitanike i korišćena su još dva dodatna upitnika, za ispitivanje empatije-Davisov „indeks interpersonalne reaktivnosti“ (IRI) i Maslach upitnik za procenu sindroma sagorevaja na poslu (MBI). U statističkoj obradi podataka su korišćene metode deskriptivne statistike, Studentov t-test, Pearson-ov hi-kvadrat test, Spearman-ov koeficijent korelacije, metode logističke i ordinalne regresije, Cronbach-ov koeficijent alfa, intraklasni koeficijent korelacije, kao i faktorska analiza. Rezultati: Preko tri četvrtine (82,9%) lekara u našem uzorku je bilo ženskog pola, dok je 17,1% ispitanika pripadao muškom polu. Srednja vrednost godina starosti ispitanika je iznosila 48,3±9,6 i kretala se od 30 do 65 godina. Lekari koji su završili Balint edukaciju su imali značajno veće skorove na subskalama Zauzimanje tuđeg stanovišta, Fantazija i Empatijska brižnost u odnosu na lekare koji je nisu završili, p<0,001. Što se tiče subskale Lična nelagodnost, nije bilo statistički značajne razlike između lekara ove dve grupe, p=0,530...The aim of our study was to examine whether the participation in Balint group is associated with a higher degree of empathy and reduced burnout syndrome amongst primary health care doctors, as well as testing the psychometric characteristics of empathy questionnaire, Interpersonal Reactivity Index (IRI), including the linguistic validation and cultural adaptation of the Serbian version of the questionnaire. Methods: This investigation was conducted on a population of 210 doctors employed in primary health centers in Belgrade. Of 210 doctors, 70 have completed Balint training for a period of at least one year, whereas 140 doctors have never attended this training (Non-Balint group). Each doctor who completed Balint education, was grouped with two other randomly chosen Non-Balint doctors, who worked at the same health center and had the same level of education (general practitioner or specialist). Exclusion criteria for both groups related to doctors on sick leave or holiday absence at least 1 month prior to the data collection period, who have not worked for more than 1 year (prolonged studies abroad, prolonged illness, or various and frequent changes in the workplace over the past 5 years), and with exposure to increased mental or physical trauma outside of work (death or disease in the family, divorce, etc.). For the purposes of this research, a general questionnaire was drafted and two additional questionnaires used, one to test the empathy-Davis' IRI and the other to measure the burnout-Maslach Burnout Inventory (MBI). The statistical analysis used descriptive statistics, Student’s t-test, Pearson's hi-square test, Spearman's correlation coefficient, logistic and ordinal regression methods, Cronbach alpha, intraclass correlation coefficient, and factor analysis. Results: Over three quarters (82.9%) of doctors in our sample were females, while 17.1% thereof were male doctors. The mean age of the respondents was 48.3 ± 9.6 and ranged from 30 to 65 years. Doctors who completed Balint education had significantly higher scores on subscales Perspective Taking, Fantasy and Empathic Concern compared to doctors who did not complete it, p<0.001..

Emotional Intelligence as a Personality Trait and Burnout among Preschool Teachers

Emocionalna inteligencija (EI) poslednjih godina sve češće nalazi mesto u istraživanjima usmerenim na obrazovanje. U radu se razmatra povezanost crte EI i sagorevanja kod vaspitača, kao i veza ovih konstrukata sa dužinom radnog iskustva. Ispitanici su vaspitači (N = 64) zaposleni u sistemu predškolskog vaspitanja i obrazovanja u Beogradu. Podaci o crti EI dobijeni su putem Upitnika o emocionalnoj inteligenciji kao crti (Trait Emotional Intelligence Questionnaire – TEIQue), koji pruža uvid u pojedine faktore ovog konstrukta, a to su: Dobrobit, Samokontrola, Emocionalnost i Socijabilnost. Za procenu sindroma profesionalnog sagorevanja korišćen je Kopenhagenški inventar sagorevanja (Copenhagen Burnout Inventory – CBI), verzija prilagođena za vaspitače. Rezultati su ukazali na značaj Samokontrole kao EI faktora u predikciji profesionalnog sagorevanja, kao i na značajne razlike u faktoru crte EI Dobrobit, pri čemu su značajno niži skorovi uočeni u grupi vaspitača sa najviše radnog iskustva. Značajno viši skorovi su opaženi u grupi vaspitača sa najviše radnog isustva na skalama koje procenjuju sagorevanje u vezi sa poslom, sagorevanje u radu sa decom, kao i u pogledu ukupnog skora profesionalnog sagorevanja. Iako nije reč o longitudinalnoj studiji, nalazi sugerišu da se događa pad emocionalne dobrobiti (tj. pozitivnih emocija, optimizma i samopouzdanja) sa porastom radnog iskustva, pri čemu ostali domeni crte EI ostaju stabilni. Istovremeno, uočava se porast psihičkog i fizičkog umora i iscrpljenosti koji potiču od zahteva radnog mesta.Research in the field of education is increasingly recognizing the importance of emotional intelligence (EI). This paper analyses the connection between EI traits and burnout among preschool teachers, as well as the relationship between these constructs and the length of their work experience. Participants in the research were preschool teachers (N = 64) employed in the preschool education system in Belgrade, Serbia. Data on the EI trait were obtained through the Trait Emotional Intelligence Questionnaire (TEIQue), which provides insight into certain factors of this construct, namely: Well-Being, Self-Control, Emotionality and Sociability. The Copenhagen Burnout Inventory (CBI), a version adapted for preschool teachers, was used to assess professional burnout syndrome. The results indicated the importance of Self-Control as an EI factor in predicting professional burnout, as well as significant differences in the EI Well-Being trait factor, with significantly lower scores observed in the group of teachers with the most work experience. Significantly higher scores were observed in the group of teachers with the most work experience on the scales that assess burnout related to work, burnout in working with children, as well as in terms of the total score of professional burnout. Although not a longitudinal study, the findings suggest that emotional well-being (i.e., positive emotions, optimism, and self-confidence) declines with increasing work experience, while the other domains of trait EI remain stable. At the same time, there is an increase in mental and physical fatigue and exhaustion stemming from the demands of the workplace

Emocionalna inteligencija kao crta ličnosti i sindrom profesionalnog sagorevanja – preliminarni nalazi ispitivanja razlika s obzirom na godine radnog iskustva vaspitača

Emocionalna inteligencija (EI) shvaćena kao crta ličnosti i profesionalno sagorevanje predstavljaju važne konstrukte u istraživanjima usmerenim na radni kontekst. Brojne studije ukazuju na zaštitnu ulogu EI u obavljanju emocionalno zahtevnih poslova. U radu se razmatraju razlike u doživljaju sagorevanja i samoopaženoj emocionalnoj efikasnosti, tj. crti EI, s obzirom na dužinu radnog iskustva. Ispitanici (N=64) su vaspitači zaposleni u sistemu predškolskog obrazovanja i vaspitanja, koji su s obzirom na godine radnog iskustva razvrstani u tri grupe: 1) do 10 godina; 2) od 11 do 20 godina; i 3) preko 20 godina radnog iskustva. Podaci o crti EI dobijeni su putem srpske verzije Upitnika o emocionalnoj inteligenciji kao crti (Trait Emotional Intelligence Questionnaire -TEIQue), koji pruža uvid u pojedine faktore ovog konstrukta, a to su: dobrobit, samokontrola, emocionalnost i socijabilnost. Za procenu sindroma profesionalnog sagorevanja korišćen je Kopenhagenski inventar sagorevanja (Copenhagen Burnout Inventory - CBI), verzija prilagođena za vaspitače. Ovim instrumentom se procenjuju: 1) lični sindrom sagorevanja; 2) sindrom sagorevanja na poslu; i 3) sindrom sagorevanja u radu sa klijentima. Analiza varijanse i post hoc testovi pokazali su razlike između prve i treće grupe ispitanika na faktoru EI dobrobit (F(2,61)=3,696; p<0,05), pri čemu su značajno niži skorovi uočeni u grupi vaspitača sa najviše radnog iskustva. Na ostalim faktorima EI nisu pronađene razlike između grupa. Kada su u pitanju varijable iz domena sagorevanja, značajno viši skorovi su opaženi u trećoj grupi (u odnosu na prvu) na skalama koje procenjuju sindrom sagorevanja u vezi sa poslom (F(2,61)=4,524; p<0,05) i sagorevanje u radu sa klijentima (F(2,61)=3,843; p<0,05). Nisu uočene značajne razlike na skali koja procenjuje lični sindrom sagorevanja. Iako njie reč o longitudinalnoj studiji, podaci sugerišu da se događa pad emocionalne dobrobiti (tj. pozitivnih emocija, optimizma i samopouzdanja) sa porastom radnog iskustva, pri čemu ostali domeni crte EI ostaju stabilni. Istovremeno, uočava se porast psihičkog i fizičkog umora i iscrpljenosti koji potiču od zahteva radnog mesta i posla koji podrazumeva intenzivnu međuljudsku interakciju. Ovakvi nalazi, iako preliminarnog karaktera, ukazuju na potrebu za pažljivijim ispitivanjem zahteva i unapređenjem uslova rada vaspitača, kao i za razvijanjem preventivnih i interventnih programa namenjenih očuvanju njihovih snaga.68. Naučno-stručni skup Kongres psiholog