A hybrid representation based simile component extraction

Simile, a special type of metaphor, can help people to express their ideas more clearly. Simile component extraction is to extract tenors and vehicles from sentences. This task has a realistic significance since it is useful for building cognitive knowledge base. With the development of deep neural networks, researchers begin to apply neural models to component extraction. Simile components should be in cross-domain. According to our observations, words in cross-domain always have different concepts. Thus, concept is important when identifying whether two words are simile components or not. However, existing models do not integrate concept into their models. It is difficult for these models to identify the concept of a word. What’s more, corpus about simile component extraction is limited. There are a number of rare words or unseen words, and the representations of these words are always not proper enough. Exiting models can hardly extract simile components accurately when there are low-frequency words in sentences. To solve these problems, we propose a hybrid representation-based component extraction (HRCE) model. Each word in HRCE is represented in three different levels: word level, concept level and character level. Concept representations (representations in concept level) can help HRCE to identify the words in cross-domain more accurately. Moreover, with the help of character representations (representations in character levels), HRCE can represent the meaning of a word more properly since words are consisted of characters and these characters can partly represent the meaning of words. We conduct experiments to compare the performance between HRCE and existing models. The experiment results show that HRCE significantly outperforms current models

A Unified Approach for Representing Structurally-Complex Models in SBML Level 3

The aim of this document is to explore a unified approach to handling several of the proposed extensions to the SBML Level 3 Core specification. The approach is illustrated with reference to Simile, a modelling environment which appears to have most of the capabilities of the various SBML Level 3 package proposals which deal with model structure. Simile (http://www.simulistics.com) is a visual modelling environment for continuous systems modelling which includes the ability to handle complex disaggregation of model structure, by allowing the modeller to specify classes of object and the relationships between them.

The note is organised around the 6 packages listed on the SBML Level 3 Proposals web page (http://sbml.org/Community/Wiki/SBML_Level_3_Proposals) which deal with model structure, namely comp, arrays, spatial, geom, dyn and multi. For each one, I consider how the requirements which motivated the package can be handled using Simile's unified approach. Although Simile has a declarative model-representation language (in both Prolog and XML syntax), I use Simile diagrams and equation syntax throughout, since this is more compact and readable than large chunks of XML.

The conclusion is that Simile can indeed meet most of the requirements of these various packages, using a generic set of constructs - basically, the multiple-instance submodel, the concept of a relationship (association) between submodels, and array variables. This suggests the possibility of having a single SBML Level 3 extension package similar to the Simile data model, rather than a series of separate packages. Such an approach has a number of potential advantages and disadvantages compared with having the current set of discrete packages: these are discussed in this paper

The Analysis of the Elements of Poetry in a Poem Sunflower by Pam Stewart

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menggambarkan tentang unsur-unsur intrinsik di dalam puisi yang berjudul Sunflower karangan Pam Stewart. Pengarang sengaja memakai unsur intrinsik puisi seperti unsur denotasi dan konotasi, citraan, dan juga majas sebagai daya tarik di dalam puisi ini.Unsur citraan yang dominan di dalam puisi ini adalah citra penglihatan, dan citra gerakan. Selain itu pengarang juga memakai dua buah majas yaitu simile dan personifikasi di dalam puisi ini agar pembaca dapat merasakan puisi tersebut menjadi lebih hidup. Hal yang membuat puisi ini menarik adalah pemakaian majas simile dengan bunga matahari yang ternyata memiliki sebuah sisi gelap yang disembunyikan.Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa Pam Stewart sengaja memakai unsur citraan dan majas simile untuk memberikan kesan misterius dan indah pada puisi bunga matahari ini

The Comparison of Figurative Language between The Bee­Boy’s Song and Cuckoo Song Poems By Rudyard Kipling

Language of literature usually interests people by its beauty. By means of literature expression, a poet able to reveal clearly human character, behavior and how human being encounters the problem of life. Poem is a part of literary work that expresses feeling, experience and \ud imagination by using beautiful language. It may in the form of figurative language. \ud The purpose of the study is to know deeply about the similarities and differences of figurative languages in “The Bee­Boy’s Song and Cuckoo Song” poems. This study uses descriptive method because it is designed to obtain information concerning the current status of phenomena \ud and directed to determine the nature of situations which exist at the time of study. The object of this study is focused on the two poems Rudyard Kipling collections, namely; The Bee­Boy’s Song and Cuckoo Song. \ud The result of this study showed that both poems consist of four personifications, one antithesis, one hyperbole, one simile and one symbol. Thus, the similarities of figurative language in those poems are personification and antithesis. Meanwhile, the differences of figurative language are \ud symbol, hyperbole and simile

Unspell

Unspell, for voice and electronics, reflects my continuing interest in the musicality of speech. The “pre-text” for the composition is l’Attente (Waiting), by Roland Barthes, from the book Fragments d’un Discours Amoureux (Fragments from a Lover’s Discourse). Careful work on intonation and prosody is complemented by electronic sounds that function at times as accompaniment, at times as rhythmic or timbral counterpoint. Spoken language, to me, is always pregnant with music. I won’t say much more, hoping the piece will speak for itself

Functional Macrofield of Likening in Modern English. Structural Types of its Constituents

Comparison (likening) is one of the main ways of cognizing the objective reality. On different language levels comparison (likening) as an operation of thinking, acquires a broad variety of material forms the totality of which makes up the functional macrofield of likening. This macrofield is a system, which possesses several universal features inherent in system as such. The article deals with two functional fields: the field of comparativeness and the field of metaphor. The structure is regarded on paradigmatic and syntagmatic levels

LIKE IN SIMILES – A RELEVANCE-THEORETIC VIEW

The paper examines the meaning of like as used in similes in the light of relevance theory. Similes, even though superficially indistinguishable from literal comparisons, are found to be closer to metaphors. Therefore, it is proposed that like in similes is different from like employed in literal comparisons. In particular, it is claimed that, contrary to the current relevance-theoretic position on this issue, like in similes introduces an ad hoc concept. This like is seen as both conceptual and procedural and, as such, it is distinct from both the conceptual like used in literal comparisons and the procedural like functioning as a pragmatic marker. Such a solution accounts for the similarities and differences between similes, metaphors and literal comparisons