Effect of Activated Charcoal and Composition Activator Acid Sulphate on Palm Oil Waste Water Treatment

Purpose of this research is to exploit the shell and palm fiber become the active charcoal, by looking at the influence of the ratio mixture composition and effect of activator. this Active charcoal application as adsorbent to the liquid waste of crude palm oil. Initial treatment, shells and palm fiber dried first at a temperature of 1200C and carbonized. charcoal mix shell and palm fiber activation chemically with a solution of H2SO4 by way of immersed in the solution for 24 hours. The best quality activated charcoal obtained from the comparison of the 75% shell, 25% palm fiber with activator H2SO4 that has a yield of 95.94%, 4.9% moisture content, ash content 6.13%, iodine number 916.594 mg / g. Activated charcoal mixture palm shell and palm fiber can be used as adsorbent liquid waste CPO, which is indicated by a decline in these parameters in the waste water contaminants in CPO, which is a 7.49 pH of 9, TSS of 660 ppm to 325 ppm,COD becomes 237,12 mg/L from1577.60 mg/L

The suitability of coconut shell concrete as a replacements in term of mechanical and thermal properties – a review

The most critical issue in environment protection and natural resource conservation is waste management [1]. Changes in environment and an increase in population are the main causes of the many processes of deterioration which have altered the ecosystem of our planet, including the generation of municipal solid waste (MFS) [2]. Therefore, there is a need to reuse waste to create a greener and healthier place on earth. The usage of agricultural waste will be emphasized in this research. Being renewable, low-cost, lightweight, having high specific strength and stiffness have made agricultural waste ideal for use as construction materials [3]. Coconut shell, oil palm shell, oil palm clinker, corncob ash, and rice husk ash are all agricultural by-products. Although some of these materials can be used as animal feed or fuel in biomass power plants or boilers of various industrial sectors to produce steam, a lot of these materials are still disposed off into landfills or burnt. This leads to serious environmental problems..

PERBEDAAN EFEKTIFITAS KARBON AKTIF TEMPURUNG KELAPA DAN ARANG KAYU DALAM MENURUNKAN TINGKAT KEKERUHAN PADA PROSES FILTRASI PENGOLAHAN LIMBAH CAIR INDUSTRI TAHU

Pengolahan limbah cair merupakan upaya untuk mencegah terjadinya pencemaran lingkungan. Salah satu bentuk pencemaran lingkungan adalah tingginya tingkat kekeruhan, khususnya limbah cair industri tahu. Sesuai dengan PP No. 20 tahun 1990 dan PERMENKES RI No. 416 tahun 1990 nilai maksimal untuk tingkat kekeruhan adalah 25 NTU (500 mg/L). Untuk itu perlu dilakukan pengolahan limbah cair antara lain dengan filtrasi menggunakan karbon aktif. Hasil pemeriksaan tingkat kekeruhan limbah cair industri tahu adalah sebesar 518,5 mg/L. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah mengetahui perbedaan efektifitas karbon aktif tempurung kelapa dan karbon aktif kayu dalam menurunkan tingkat kekeruhan pada proses filtrasi pengolahan limbah cair industri tahu. Penelitian ini adalah penelitian eksperimen, dengan populasi penelitian, seluruh limbah cair yang dihasilkan dalam seluruh proses produksi. Sampel penelitian , 30 L limbah cair industri tahu yang diambil di outlet dengan metode grab sampling. Untuk mengetahui perbedaan efektifitas karbon aktif kayu dan tempurung kelapa dalam menurunkan tingkat kekeruhan limbah cair industri tahu maka digunakan uji statistik one way anova dan uji Least Significant Difference. Tingkat kekeruhan sampel yang difiltrasi dengan karbon aktif tempurung kelapa turun menjadi rata-rata 76,4mg/L, sedang sampel yang difiltrasi dengan karbon aktif kayu dan tempurung kelapa turun menjadi 42,07 mg/L. Berdasarkan hasil uji statistik didapat F sebesar 20649,49 dengan derajat kebebasan 3 dan 20, diperoleh signifikasi 0,001. Nilai ini lebih kecil dari alfa = 0,05 berarti ada perbedaan efektifitas karbon aktif tempurung kelapa dan karbon aktif kayu serta campuran karbon aktif kayu dan tempurung kelapa dalam menurunkan tingkat kekeruhan limbah cair industri tahu. Hasil uji LSD dengan membandingkan berbagai kelompok perlakuan didapatkan nilai signifikasi 0,001 yang berarti bahwa semua kelompok perlakuan efektif dalam menurunkan tingkat kekeruhan limbah cair industri tahu. Namun berdasarkan analisis biaya ekonomi didapatkan bahwa karbon aktif kayu paling baik untuk digunakan. Kata Kunci: Karbon aktif kayu, karbon aktif tempurung kelapa, tingkat kekeruhan,limbah cair industri tahu THE DIFFERENCE OF EFFECTIVITY BETWEEN COCONUT SHELL ACTIVE CARBON IN REDUCING TURBIDITY OF WASTE WATER FILTRATION PROCESS IN INDUSTRY Waste water treatmen is an effort to prevent environmental polution. One of environmental polution is the higher of turbidity rate caused by soyabeen industry. According to PP number 20, 1990 and PERMENKES 416, 1990 the maximum value for turbidity rate is 25 NTU (500 mg/L). Therefore it is necessary to process waste water, one of the process is active carbon filtration. According to this research to determine the difference of effectivity between coconut shell active carbon and wood carbon in reducing turbidity of waste water filtration process in tofu industry. Research design was the randomized control group pretest-postest. The population of this research were the tofu industry waste water and using grab sampling method, sample of this research is 30 L of soyabeen waste water that taken from outlet. the data was analyzed by SPSS 10,0 for windows with the one way anova test and least significant difference test to determine the difference of effectivity between coconut shell active carbon and wood carbon in reducing turbidity of waste water filtration process in tofu industry. The turbidity rate of tofu waste water is filtered with coconut shell active carbon decrease to 76,4 mg/L, and sample is filtered with wood active carbon decrease to 121,7 mg/L, and sample is filtered with the mixed of wood active carbon and coconut shell decrease to 42,07 mg/L. The result of statistic test, the F ratio is 20649,49 and of value are 3 and 20, with the significant value is 0,001. From that result, there were significant different between wood active carbon and coconut shell active carbon to decrease turbidity rate at the filtration process in waste water treatment of soyabeen industrial. The result of Least Significant Difference test, the significant value is 0,001. and that means all the treatment groups are effective to reducing turbidity rate of tofu industry waste water. But according to Economic cost analyze, we found that wood active carbon is better than other treatment. Keyword : Wood active carbon, Coconut shell active carbon, Turbidity rate, tofu industry waste wate

Application of chitin derivatives for removal of radionuclides from radioactive effluent

In this study shrimp shell waste and their derivatives Chitin and Chitosan were studied for 60Co, 137Cs, 90Sr and 54Mn adsorption from low-level radioactive liquid waste (LLW) in batch and 137 continuous method. Shrimp shell waste, demineralized shrimp shell waste, Chitin and Chitosan were selected as natural organic adsorbent. The batch and column ion exchange experimental results show that the sorption was depended on pH, particle size, adsorbent type, deacetylation factor and treating tine. Temperature changes have an effect on treating time but no effect on total sorption. Chitin derivatives, particularly chitosan I & 2, are efficient for radioisotopes removal. Chitosan I with 50-70% deacetylation factor has the best aptitude for removal of radioisotopes and the shrimp shell has the worse

Microwave-assisted and conventional hydrothermal carbonization of lignocellulosic waste material: comparison of the chemical and structural properties of the hydrochars

This study compares the chemical and structural properties of the hydrochars prepared from microwave-assisted and conventional hydrothermal carbonizations of Prosopis africana shell, a waste plant material. The preparation involved heating the raw material in de-ionized water at 200 °C for 5-20 min, and 120-240 min in the microwave and conventional oven respectively. The prepared hydrochars were characterized using the scanning electron microscope, nitrogen sorption measurement, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, CHN analyzer, thermogravimetric analysis, and nuclear magnetic resonance. The results showed that the microwave-assisted hydrothermal carbonization process is fast in the carbonization of the Prosopis africana shell as shown by the level of conversion attained within the short time. This study presents new data on the comparison of the hydrochars from microwave-assisted and conventional hydrothermal carbonization processes of the same lignocellulosic material in terms of their properties

Karakteristik Penyalaan Briket Limbah Serbuk Arang Tempurung Kelapa Dengan Bahan Pemantik Abu Kelapa (Cocodust)

Characteristic of ignition briquettes waste coconut shell charcoal with cocodust lighter material. The purpose of this research is to know the characteristic and the lighting characteristic of coconut shell charcoal briquettes waste and cocodust so that the briquette product obtained is easily ignited by using lighter material or start-up. This research method is arranged in experiment of making briquettes and data analyzed and also descriptively. The experiment was conducted by making briquettes using 5 % starch adhesive material to charcoal coconut charcoal waste and cocodust with fineness of 10 mesh with cocodust 50 g, with treatment consisting of: A1=50 g coconut shell charcoal waste plus 50 g cocodust; A2=100 g coconut shell charcoal waste plus 50 g cocodust; A3=150 g coconut shell charcoal waste plus 50 g cocodust and A4=200 g of shell charcoal waste of 50 g coconut plus 50 g cocodust, repeated 3 times. Result of charcoal charcoal combustion analysis with parameters: duration of ignition up to ash 141,18-146,14 minutes; Duration of initial ignition until fire arises 0,17-0,30 minutes and smoke generated/smoke loss 18,18-25,18 minutes. For boiling water using charcoal briquettes charcoal waste briquettes waste coconut time 30.15-35.16 minutes using charcoal briquettes as much as 100 g. Charcoal briquette charcoal waste coconut shell charcoal parameters: moisture content 6,63-6,95 %, ash 4,49-4,80 %; The missing part at heating temperature 950 ° C from 3.05 to 5.59 % and the calorific value of 4,608-5,221 cal/g. The result of the analysis showed that the best treatment was obtained at treatment A2; A3 and A4 because all parameters meet quality requirements, when compared with SNI charcoal briquette SNI 01-6235-2000

CHARACTERIZATION CHEMICAL COMPOUND BASED PYROLYSIS PROCESS FROM CACAO WASTES

The research aim is to produce cacao vinegar through pyrolysis technology of potential chemical compounds from cacao shell wastes. Results of this research are expected to give benefits as follows: Liquid smoke produced from cacao shell wastes through pyrolysis process is able to diversify fertilizer and new products, The results research showedthat thefat contentof fermentedforLuwu district 35.21Results of pyrolysis of cacao waste that gave the highest liquid smoke as much as 40,36% in p.yrolysis temperature of 500oC In terms of the charcoal produced from pyrolysis process containing the highest yield was cacao shell waste Luwu district as 42,08% Identification of GC-MS of cacao shell could provide compounds that mostly derived from acetone 13,01%, acetate acid 73,86%, 2 buthanone 6,60%, methyl ester 2,46%, and propanoic acid 4,07% Usually, Result X-RD analysis for cacao shell char with Luwu District as cristalinity degree 22,83%.contentof Nforcocoa vinegar rindLuwudistrictof175.53ppmand1.39% charcoal, greater thenitrogenelement contentthe betterforplants as fertilizer organic. The technology of integrated cacao vinegar-charcoal production hence deserves its dissemination throughout Indonesian

Studies on the chemical and nutritional quality of protein powders isolated from shrimp waste

Protein powders were prepared from processing waste of prawns either by mechanically squeezing the shell and freeze drying the resultant aqueous extract or by treating the shell with 0.5% sodium hydroxide, filtering it and freeze drying the filtrate. Comparative studies on the proximate composition, amino acid profile, consumer acceptability and nutritional quality of the protein powders showed that the product prepared by freeze drying of the press liquor obtained by passing the waste through a hand operated expeller is better in all aspects studied than the product prepared by mild alkali extraction

Effect of air flow rate on the emission of burning coconut shell for biofuel product

The increasing awareness of the depletion of fossil fuel resources and their bad impact towards environmental lead to an application of biofuel as alternative choice. The production of biofuel from waste offers a triplet-facet solution includes economic, environmental and waste management. In the present study, the use of biofuel that most abundantly available for power generation is applicable in the form of waste. Coconuts are the abundant renewable resource of energy can be found in all around the world especially Southeast Asia like Malaysia, Indonesia and Philippines. In this study, the waste of coconut shell was prepared to become a biofuel in form of powder or pulverized. The sample was undergo burning process at five different air flow rate that been set up. The effect of burning pulverized coconut shell on environmental impact was studied from CO2 and CO emission. The influence of air flow rate on ash properties were studied using SEM image and EDX analysis. The results revealed that microstructure of coconut shell ash are irregular, asymmetrical, disperse and non-overlap compare to coal. The influence of air flow rate of primary gave effect on the CO2 and CO emission. As the air flow rate increased, the weight of carbon fly ash increases while oxygen experiencing the decreases. In addition, the existed elements such as C, O, Mg, Fe and Ni for each cases were determined. It was also found that the coconut shell is lower in ash content, it tends to produce less particulates and has almost no Sulphur oxides compare to coal. At the end of this work, research would like to recommend use of coconut shell as an additive material in heat generation as it is not containing harmful ash content