Creating closed-loop economies through reuse, recycling and bioproduct-based economic development: site assessment for Southern Willamette River Valley

29 p.This report assesses opportunities for stimulating closed-loop economic development in the Southern Willamette Valley region based on the reuse and recycling of: (1) materials in the municipality, (2) agricultural and forestry waste streams, as well as (3) local government infrastructure improvements. The researchers used the following methodologies in the first phase of this project: gather preliminary data; visit communities to hold meetings with government officials, agriculture, forestry, community and environment leaders; research and analyze recent technical innovations and current business conditions appropriate for unique needs of the community; make survey calls to environmentally sound enterprises interested in locating in the Southern Willamette Valley region; prepare this draft report; get feedback from citizens interested in the draft report; visit communities a second time, involving workshops and meetings to determine top priorities; issue and distributing a final report; and provide on-going technical assistance, due diligence, business site specification and financing plan leading to implementation of business enterprises

Analyzing True Self-Reliance and Individualism

This essay analyzes the story of “Rip Van Winkle” by Washington Irving and criticizes Daniel Plung’s assessment of it in his article, “Rip Van Winkle’: Metempsychosis and the Quest for Self-Reliance.” In Plung’s article, he assesses that in the story of “Rip Van Winkle,” the main character, Rip, attains self-reliance and individualism through his escape and experience on the mountain. However, although Plung’s points support his assessments, there are also many other details in the story that contradict Plung’s analysis. This essay seeks to enlighten readers to a differing interpretation of “Rip Van Winkle” by studying other details in the story

THE INFLUENCE OF LEARNING OUTCOMES PRODUCTIVE SUBJECTS AND SELF-RELIANCE LEARNING WITH ACHIEVEMENT INDUSTRIAL WORK PRACTICES STUDENTS OF GRADE XII ELECTRONICS ENGINEERING SKILLS PROGRAM AT SMKN 3 YOGYAKARTA ACADEMIC YEAR 2012/2013

This study aimed to determine: (1) the influence of Learning Outcomes Productive Subjects with Achievement Industrial Work Practices students of grade XII Electronics Engineering Skills Program at SMKN 3 Yogyakarta Academic Year 2012/2013. (2) the influence Self-Reliance Learning with Achievement Industrial Work Practices students of grade XII Electronics Engineering Skills Program at SMKN 3 Yogyakarta Academic Year 2012/2013. (3) the influence of Learning Outcomes Productive Subjects and Self-Reliance Learning jointly with Achievement Industrial Work Practices students of grade XII Electronics Engineering Skills Program at SMKN 3 Yogyakarta Academic Year 2012/2013. This research is a study of ex post facto. The population of the research are students of grade XII Electronics Engineering Skills Program Academic Year 2012/2013 amounts to 69 students who entirely taken as a subject of research. Testing instruments has implemented by 33 student of grade XI Electronics Engineering Skills Program. The validity of the tests carries out by the technique of Pearson Product Moment correlation, whereas the reliability test used Alpha Cronbach formula. To know how the influence of Learning Outcomes Productive Subject with Achievement Industrial Work Practices and the influence of Self-Reliance Learning with Achievement Industrial Work Practices can use analysis techniques of Product Moment correlation. Regression analysis techniques use to know the influence of Learning Outcomes Productive Subject and Self-Reliance Learning jointly with the Achievements Industrial Work Practices. The results showed that: (1) there is a positive influence between Learning Outcomes Productive Subject with Achievement Industrial Work Practices students of grade XII Electronics Engineering Skills Program at SMKN 3 Yogyakarta Academic Year 2012/2013 as evidenced by the price of rx1y (0,340) is greater than rtabel (0.235) at the 5% significance level. (2) there is a positive influence between Self-Reliance Learning with Achievement Industrial Work Practices students of grade XII Electronics Engineering Skills Program at SMKN 3 Yogyakarta Academic Year 2012/2013 as evidenced by the price rx2y (0,353) greater than rtabel (0.235) at the 5% significance level. (3) there is a positive influence between Learning Outcomes Productive Subject and Self- Reliance Learning jointly with Achievements Industrial Work Practices students of grade XII Electronics Engineering Skills Program at SMKN 3 Yogyakarta Academic Year 2012/2013 as evidenced by the price of Ry (1,2) (0,440) greater than rtabel (0.235) at the 5% significance level. The coefficient of determination is (R2y (1, 2)) of 0,194. Effective contribution of Learning Outcomes Productive Subject of 9,2732% and Self-Reliance Learning of 10,1268%. Keywords: productive subject, self-reliance learning, industrial work practice

"'Inability to Be Self-reliant' as an Indicator of U.S. Poverty: Measurement, Comparisons, and Implications"

Given the current emphasis in national policy on self-reliance and a smaller role for government, the official poverty measure, which is based on the premise that all families should have sufficient income from either their own efforts or government support to boost them above a family-size-specific threshold, appears to have less policy relevance now than in prior years. We present here a new concept of poverty based on self-reliance, that is, the ability of a family, using its own resources, to support a level of consumption in excess of needs. Using a measure of net earnings capacity (NEC) to examine the size and composition of the self-reliant-poor population from 1975 to 1995, we find that self-reliance poverty has increased more rapidly than has official poverty. We find that families commonly thought to be the most impoverished--those headed by minorities, single women with children, and individuals with low levels of education--have the highest levels of self-reliance poverty, but have experienced the smallest increases in this poverty measure. Families commonly thought to be economically secure--those headed by whites, men, married couples, and highly educated individuals--have the lowest levels of self-reliance poverty, but have experienced the largest increases. We speculate that the trends in self-reliance poverty stem largely from underlying trends in the United States economy, in particular the relative decline of wage rates for whites and men and the rapidly expanding college-educated demographic group.

Food Security in the South Pacific Island Countries with Special Reference to the Fiji Islands

food security, Pacific Island countries, trade, self-reliance

The “Inability to Be Self-Reliant” as an Indicator of Poverty: Trends in the United States, 1975–1995

The trend in national policy over the past two decades has emphasized self-reliance and a reduced role of government in society. Given this ideological shift, the official poverty measure, which is based on the premise that all families should have sufficient income from either their own efforts or government support to boost them above a family-size-specific threshold, appears now to have less policy relevance than in prior years. In this paper we present a new concept of poverty, the inability to be self-reliant, which is based on the ability of a family, using its own resources, to support a level of consumption in excess of needs. This concept closely parallels the “capability poverty” measure that has been proposed by Amartya Sen. We use this measure to examine the size and composition of the poor population from 1975 to 1995. We find that poverty in terms of self-reliance increased more rapidly over the 1975–95 period than did official poverty. We find that families commonly thought to be the most impoverished—those headed by minorities, single women with children, and individuals with low levels of education—have the highest levels of self-reliance poverty. However, these groups have also experienced the smallest increases in this poverty measure. Families largely thought to be economically secure, specifically those headed by whites, men, married couples, and highly educated individuals, while having the lowest levels of self-reliance poverty, have also experienced the largest increases in that measure. We speculate that the trends in self-reliance poverty stem largely from underlying trends in the U.S. economy, in particular the relative decline of wage rates among whites and men, and the rapidly expanding college-educated group.

Impact of microcredit programmes on women empowerment: an empirical study in West Bengal

Based on an empirical study in West Bengal, this paper attempts to examine whether women‟s involvement in the microcredit programme through SHGs makes any positive change on women‟s empowerment that appears from the assessment on various indicators of power, autonomy and self-reliance, entitlement, participation , awareness and capacity-building. The study suggests that if women participating in the microcredit programme through SHGs sustain for some longer period (eight years or more), such a programme might contribute to higher level of women‟s empowerment than all types of control groups under studyWomen‟s empowerment; Power, Autonomy and Self-reliance; Entitlement; Participation and Awareness and Capacity-building

Building Technological Capability for Self-Reliance

In spite of a clear national commitment, the strong political will of the two major prime-ministers, the input of a huge amount of resources over the past three decades, and a cultural background where the "brahminical achievements" of R&D are highly valued, we still have a long way to go before a scientific attitude and approach are instilled into our society. This is obvious when one considers the national reaction to the total eclipse of the sun on February 16, 1980