Sanctity of Women

This report contextualises the exhibition, He Wāhine, He Tapu. My research into puhi (chief’s daughter) and mana wāhine (women of status), along with the methodology and practice which produced this exhibition is discussed. The literature review covers the status of Puhi and other female leaders in traditional Māori society, in particular, the sacredness of the whare tangata (house of humankind, or womb), linking wāhine (Māori women) to the atua wāhine (goddesses) of Māori creation stories. This body of work explores notions of tapu (sacred or restricted) and noa (normal or free from restriction), identity, the complementary nature of the sexes in traditional society and the impact of colonisation. The underpinning questions are; who is the puhi? What role did she play? What makes her special? And where is she today? The review of artists examines the history of portraiture and early photography, particularly that of Māori, as well as links to contemporary artists working in this genre. I have used Manawa Kāi Tahu, a cultural, social, environmental and economical framework as a tool for the analytical component, grounding this practice in Māori philosophy, values and tikanga (protocol), and locating this work as culturally relevant within Te Ao Māori (the Māori world view). The six values are – Tohutanga (capability and development), Rangatiratanga (selfdetermination and upholding the integrity of others), Kaitiakitanga (stewardship and enhancing resources), Manaakitanga (hospitality, health and safety and wellbeing of self and others), and Whanaungatanga (kinship and communication). The exhibition is also positioned within He Tātaitanga Kaupapa āhua toi; a Māori art continuum (Jahnke 2006), using the classes of customary, non- customary and trans-customary art. How this body of work aligns with the categories of noncustomary and trans-customary is also discussed

Феномен святости в контексте Киево-Печерского Патерика

Дана стаття присвячена аналізу феномену святості в контексті Києво-Печерського Патерика. Метою даної статті є аналіз феномену святості в контексті Києво-Печерського Патерика, що дозволяє встановити найбільш показові в теоретичному розумінні ракурси давньокиївського образу святості. Для розв’язання цієї мети потрібно вирішити наступні завдання. 1. Показати зв'язок святості з божою благодаттю; 2. Проаналізувати естетичну природу святості; 3. Репрезентувати природу святості крізь призму моральних чеснот святих. для досягнення мети та розв’язання відповідних завдань у даній статті використовуються як загальнонаукові методи (аналіз, синтез, дедукція, індукція та інші), так і герменевтичний підхід до аналізу Києво-Печерського Патерика. Феномен святості тут розглядається як вищий моральний ідеал поведінки святої людини, який базується на моральних чеснотах які наближають цю людину до Бога.The article is dedicated to the analysis of the sanctity phenomenon in context of Kyiv-Pechersk Patericon. The scope of the article is an analysis of the sanctity phenomenon in context of Kyiv-Pechersk Petericon. This analysis makes possible to discover in theoretical context racources of the Oldkyivan image of sanctity. To solve this purpose it should be settled some aims. 1. Show a relation between sanctity and God’s grace. 2. Analyse an esthetical nature of sanctity 3. Represent nature of sanctity in the light of moral virtues. To reach this aim in the article general scientific methods (analysis, synthesis, decduction, induction etc.) and a hermeneutical approach to the analysis of Kyiv-Pechersk patericon are used. The sanctity phenomenon is analyzed as ideal of a holy person moral behavior, which is based on moral virtues that approach human to GodДанная статья посвящена анализу феномена святости в контексте Киево - Печерского Патерика. Целью данной статьи является анализ феномена святости в контексте Киево - Печерского Патерика, что позволяет установить наиболее показательны в теоретическом понимании ракурсы древнекиевского образа святости. Для решения этой цели необходимо решить следующие задачи. 1. Показать связь святости с божьей благодатью ; 2. Проанализировать эстетическую природу святости; 3. Представлять природу святости через призму нравственных качеств святых. для достижения цели и решения соответствующих задач в данной статье используются как общенаучные методы (анализ, синтез, дедукция, индукция и др.), так и герменевтический подход к анализу Киево - Печерского Патерика. Феномен святости здесь рассматривается как высший нравственный идеал поведения святого человека , который базируется на моральных добродетелях приближающие этого человека к Богу

Bede, St Cuthbert and the science of miracles

Whilst Bede’s Prose Life of St Cuthbert has been several times edited and translated, and has been discussed together with his historical writings, his earlier, metrical, version of the Life has received considerably less attention. Bede worked on his Lives of Cuthbert during the periods when he was also writing his fundamental works on computus and natural philosophy. A central argument of this article is that Bede’s work on these ‘scientific’ subjects had a significant impact on his ideas concerning sanctity and the miraculous, and that this gave him a unique approach as a hagiographer

"Res sane mira": Orthodox Saints and Relics Described by Protestant Pastor John Herbinius (1675)

John Herbinius (1633–1679) was a well-known Lutheran theologian and writer. Living for a long time on the territory of the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth, he wrote a description of the religious caves of Kyiv, which was published in 1675 in Jena. Plenty of popular cults of Ruthenian spiritual life of the first half of the seventeenth century are reflected in the book. It is important to underline that Herbinius did not criticize the glorification and imitation of saints. He briefly mentioned their post-mortem waiting role in the place of salvation and omitted the Orthodox prayers to them. The great Orthodox mistake for Herbinius was glorifying human and not Christ’s merits as a cause of sanctity and miracle. This very important theological difference was, however, the only one distinction that Herbinius saw between the Orthodox and Protestant traditions of the veneration of saints. The veneration of relics was not criticized by John Herbinius either. On the contrary, relics of Christ’s followers can and must be worshiped, through them God performs miracles, the Protestant author believed. However, Herbinius did not share the Orthodox idea of miraculous unperishability of the saints’ remains in the Cave Monastery. Those remains, as he wrote, are particularly damaged and particularly preserved because of the existing ventilation system in the caves; the saints’ heads are oozing the oil as a result of absorbing of the special air as well. Trying to provide these arguments, Herbinius aimed to deny the core of the Orthodox belief that Kyiv relics preserved undamageed because of great merits and dignities possessed by the Cave fathers in the eyes of God. Obviously, the very idea of merits, earned by the monks due to their ascetic efforts, could have not been accepted by the Protestant author. It strongly contradicted with his confessional views and was unambiguously treated by him as idolatry