Strategic Resource Dependence

We consider a situation where an exhaustible-resource seller faces demand from a buyer who has a perfect substitute but there is a time-to-build delay for the substitute. We that find in this simple framework the basic implications of the Hotelling model (1931) are reversed: over time the stock declines but supplies increase up to the point where the buyer decides to switch. Under such a threat of demand change, the supply does not reflect the true current resource scarcity but leads to increased future scarcity, felt during the transition to the substitute supplies. The analysis suggests a perspective on costs of oil dependence.Dynamic Bilateral Monopoly, Markov-Perfect Equilibrium, Depletable Resources, Energy, Alternative Fuels, Oil Dependence

Outgrowing Resource Dependence: Theory and Evidence

Many policy makers are concerned about dependence on resource exports. This paper examines three changes that reduce this dependence: (i) accumulation of capital and skills; (ii) changes in protection policy, particularly reductions in the burden of protection on exporters; and (iii) differential rates of technical change. Developing countries as a group have made enormous progress in diversifying their exports away from resources in recent decades, a development that appears to have been aided by accumulation of capital and skills and by dramatic reductions in the cost of protection to exporters, but slowed down by technological advances that favored agriculture.

Market orientation in the non-profit sector: a resource dependence perspective

In the context of an increasingly competitive environment in which organisations are compelled to manage their resources and capabilities in more efficient and effective ways, the concept of market orientation has been acknowledged as highly important in the marketing and management literature. The existing literature, however, has mainly been focused on the for-profit sector and, to our best knowledge, little research has been undertaken in other organisational contexts, such as the non-profit sector. Given the specificity of NPOs and the increasingly demanding resource environments in which these organisations operate, thepresent study examines the extent to which resource dependence impacts the market orientation construct. The findings suggest that resource dependence has proven to provide important insights for gaining a better understanding of market orientation although this concept needs to be reassessed in the specific context of non-profit organisations. The paper concludes with a series of implications for theory and practice.NPOs, Market Orientation, Resource Dependence Theory

Tripartite Entanglement-Dependence of Tripartite Non-locality in Non-inertial Frame

The three-tangle-dependence of $S_{max} = \max$, where $S$ is Svetlichny operator, are explicitly derived when one party moves with an uniform acceleration with respect to other parties in the generalized Greenberger-Horne-Zeilinger and maximally slice states. The $\pi$-tangle-dependence of $S_{max}$ are also derived implicitly. From the dependence we conjecture that the multipartite entanglement is not the only physical resource for quantum mechanical multipartite non-locality.Comment: 13 pages,6 figures, V2, 14 pages, 6 figures, will appear in JPHYS

The Resource Curse Revisited and Revised: A Tale of Paradoxes and Red Herrings

We critically evaluate the empirical basis for the so-called resource curse and find that, despite the topic’s popularity in economics and political science research, this apparent paradox is a red herring. The most commonly used measure of ‘resource abundance’ can be more usefully interpreted as a proxy for ‘resource dependence’—endogenous to underlying institutional factors. In multiple estimations that combine resource abundance and dependence, institutional and constitutional variables, we find that (i) resource abundance, constitutions and institutions determine resource dependence, (ii) resource dependence does not affect growth, and (iii) resource abundance positively affects growth and institutional quality.Natural resource curse, economic growth, growth regressions, political regimes, institutions, constitutions

The Volatility Curse: Revisiting the Paradox of Plenty

The volatility of unanticipated output growth in income per capita is detrimental to long-run development, controlling for initial income per capita, population growth, human capital, investment, openness and natural resource dependence. This effect is significant and robust over a wide range of specifications. We unravel the effects of volatility by opening the black box and conditioning the variance of growth shocks on several country characteristics. Natural resource dependence, physical and institutional barriers to trade and associated policy shocks increase volatility sharply and harm growth through this indirect channel. The robust indirect effect of natural resources through volatility trumps any direct effects on economic development, even if natural resource dependence is measured net of extraction costs. Financial development appears to mitigate the harmful causes of volatility. Our panel data estimation confirms our cross-country results, but we also offer evidence that well developed financial systems amplify the effect of short-term terms-of-trade volatility on macroeconomic volatility.volatility, growth, resource curse, financial development

Poverty and the Environment: Exploring the Relationship between Household Incomes, Private Assets, and Natural Assets

Using purpose-collected survey data from 537 households in 60 different villages of the Jhabua district of India, this paper investigates the extent to which rural households depend on common-pool natural resources for their daily livelihood. Previous studies have found that resource dependence— defined as the fraction of total income derived from common-pool resources—strongly decreases with income. Our study finds a more complex relationship. First, for the subsample of households that use positive amounts of resources, we find that dependence follows a U-shaped relationship with income, declining at first but then increasing. Second, we find that the probability of being in the subsample of common-pool resource users follows an inverse U-shaped relationship with income: the poorest and richest households are less likely to collect resources than those with intermediate incomes. Resource use by the rich is therefore bimodal: either very high or—for the very richest households—zero. Third, we find that resource dependence increases at all income levels with an increase in the level of common-pool biomass availability. The combination of these results suggests that the quality of natural resources matters to a larger share of the rural population than had been previously believed; common-pool resources contribute a significant fraction of the income not just of the desperately poor, but also of the relatively rich.

Sustaining Growth in a Resource-Based Economy: The Main Issues and the Specific Case of Russia

This paper argues that the challenges posed by resource dependence, which include an increased vulnerability to external shocks, the risk of Dutch disease and the risk of development specific institutional pathologies, can be overcome, or at least very substaintially mitigated, if accompanied by the right economic policies.Russia, resource abundance, dutch disease, economic growth