Prefrontal cortex cell proliferation of adult rats after chronic stress treated with ethanolic extract of Centella asiatica (L) Urban.

The decrease of proliferation level of cells in several regions of adult brain is found afterstress exposure. One of such area is prefrontal cortex. Herbal medicine as antistresshas been used widely. Centella asiatica (L) Urban extract was reported to have potentcompounds to increase brain function. The objective of this study is to investigate theeffects of ethanolic extract C. asiatica on cell proliferation of the adult prefrontal cortexin rats (PFC) after chronic stress. Adult male Sprague-Dawley rats, weighing 260-390g were randomly assigned into six experimental groups, with five rats per group, i.e.Group 1 as nomal control without chronic stress, Group 2 as stress control, Group 3 aspositive control given fluoxetine, Group 4-6 as treatment groups given 150; 300 and 600of ethanolic extrac C. asiatica, respectively. Extract were administered orally to the ratsfollowing a period of restraint duration of 6 hours/day for 21 days. Bromodeoxyuridine(BrdU) immunohistochemistry was used to label the proliferated cells. Physical fractionatormethod was used to estimate the total number of proliferated cells. One-way analysis ofvariance (ANOVA) followed by Tukey post hoc test was used to evaluate the differencebetween groups. BrdU-labeled cells on medial prefrontal cortex were as follows:1715.3±1345.1 (Group 1), 2659.2±2250.6 (Group 2), 4077.4±2415.3 (Group 3),1784.1±908.3 (Group 4), 3056.6±4263.3 (Group 5), and 2153.4±2259.4 (Group 6).No significance difference between groups was observed (p>0.05). In conclusion, theadministration of ethanolic extract of C. asiatica does not influence cell proliferation onprefrontal cortex of rats after chronic stress

Comparison of corneal endothelial cell count and intraocular pressure in pure-dispersive and dispersive-cohesive viscoelastic protection in phacoemulsification surgery

There are so many aspects should be regarded when use viscoelastic device during phacoemulsification surgery. The advantages and disadvantages of pure-dispersive viscoelastic and dispersive-cohesive viscoelastic always require more our attention to use it conveniently. The purpose of the study was to compare between pure-dispersive viscoelastic versus dispersive-cohesive viscoelastic in phacoemulsification surgery in that of corneal endothelial cell count and intraocular pressure (IOP) change. This was a cross-sectional study involving 41 eligible patients who underwent phacoemulsification surgery by single operator. Data including characteristics of cataract patients, corneal endothelial cell count and IOP were taken before and after surgery. Data of characteristics of cataract patients were reported descriptively and compared using Anova and t-test. The mean change in corneal endothelial cell count on pure-dispersive viscoelastic group (71.99±71.20 cells/mm²) was lower than that on the dispersive-cohesive viscoelastic group (117.62±78.29 cells/mm²). However, it was not significantly different. The mean change in IOP on pure-dispersive viscoelastic group (0.75±1.626 mmHg) was significantly lower than that on dispersive-cohesive viscoelastic group (1.90±0.995 mmHg) (p=0.000). In conclusion, the increase of IOP in dispersive-cohesive viscoelastic group is higher than that on pure-dispersive viscoelastic group. However, there is no significant difference of the mean change in corneal endothelial cell on the both groups

Scoring system based on electrocardiogram features to predict the type of heart failure in patients with chronic heart failure

ABSTRACT Heart failure is divided into heart failure with reduced ejection fraction (HFrEF) and heart failure with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF). Additional studies are required to distinguish between these two types of HF. A previous study showed that HFrEF is less likely when ECG findings are normal. This study aims to create a scoring system based on ECG findings that will predict the type of HF. We performed a cross-sectional study analyzing ECG and echocardiographic data from 110 subjects. HFrEF was defined as an ejection fraction ≤40%. Fifty people were diagnosed with HFpEF and 60 people suffered from HFrEF. Multiple logistic regression analysis revealed certain ECG variables that were independent predictors of HFrEF i.e., LAH, QRS duration >100 ms, RBBB, ST-T segment changes and prolongation of the QT interval. Based on ROC curve analysis, we obtained a score for HFpEF of -1 to +3, while HFrEF had a score of +4 to +6 with 76% sensitivity, 96% specificity, 95% positive predictive value, an 80% negative predictive value and an accuracy of 86%. The scoring system derived from this study, including the presence or absence of LAH, QRS duration >100 ms, RBBB, ST-T segment changes and prolongation of the QT interval can be used to predict the type of HF with satisfactory sensitivity and specificit

The influence of hamstring autograft diameter on patient-reported functional scoresfollowing anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) reconstruction

Anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) reconstruction using hamstring tendon autograft is a common procedure in orthopedic surgery to treat ACL rupture. Graft diameter is very important in successfulness of ACL reconstruction. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the influence of hamstring autograft diameter on patient-reported functional scores following ACL reconstruction. The diameter of grafts were collected retrospectively from medical records of the patients who underwent primary ACL reconstruction with hamstring autograft in the Soeradji Tirtonegoro General Hospital, Klaten, Central Java. The patient-reported functional scores data according to the International Knee Documentation Committee (IKDC) score and the Knee Injury and Osteoarthritis Outcome Score (KOOS) were collected by phone call interview from the patients after more than six months post-reconstruction. The comparison between graft diameter and patient-reported functional scores was analyzed by independent t test. A p8mm.The result showed significant difference in KOOS and IKDC score between the both groups (p8mm (Group 2) had higher KOOS and IKDC score compared to graft diameter ≤8mm (Group 1) (p8 mm associated with better patient-reported functional scores in 6 monthsfollow-up after ACL reconstruction

Factors affecting tumor response to transarterial chemoembolization (TACE) therapy in patient with hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC)

Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is a major problem of global health.Transarterial chemoembolization (TACE) is the treatment of choice for unresectable HCC. The TACE is routinely conducted in major hospitals in Indonesia, however it rarely published.The use of modified response in evaluation criteria in solid tumors (mRECIST) was introduced as an accurate method of measuring tumor response in HCC. This study aimedto investigate the factorsaffecting tumor response to TACE therapy in HCC patients by using mRECIST. It was a retrospective cohort study conducted on 30 patients who successfully underwent the first TACE procedure in the Department of Radiology, Dr. Wahidin Sudirohusodo General Hospital, Makassar, Indonesia from January 2016 to August 2019. The multiphase abdominal computed tomography before and after as well as laboratory examination results before TACE were collected and analyzed. Chi-Square and Spearman-tests were used for the statistical analysis. A significant relationship between tumor location (p=0.016), number of tumor (p=0.001) and Child-Pugh score with tumor response to TACE therapy (p = 0.016) was observed. Solitary tumors tend to have a better therapeutic response, meanwhile, tumors located in the left lobe of patients with Child-Pugh B scores showed a decreased tumor response. Furthermore, no a significant relationship between age (p=0.920), sex (p=0.303), tumor size> 5 cm (p=0.082) and alpha-fetoprotein (AFP) levels (p=0.414) with tumor response was observed. In conclusion, TACE is preferably therapy for multinodular and unresectable HCC. Tumor response after TACE can be well assessed using mRECIST. The factorsaffecting tumor response to TACE therapy arenumber of tumor, location, and Child-Pugh scor

The prognostic value of lymph nodes mRNA CXCL12 expression in the breast cancer

Prognosis of breast carcinoma is influenced by age, tumor size, histological grade and type, lymph node status, as well as metastasic status. Chemokine receptor CXCR-4 with its ligand, CXCL-12, may play an important role in metastasis of breast carcinoma. However, the role of CXCL-12 mRNA as a prognostic factor and a therapeutic target of human breast cancer remains controversial. This study aimed to investigate the level of CXCL-12 mRNA expression in lymph nodes of patients with invasive ductal breast carcinoma and the difference within the prognostic factors. Axillary lymph nodes obtained from 50 cases of invasive ductal breast carcinoma, were divided into two groups, with and without lymph node metastasis. Each group consisted of 25 cases. Total RNA was extracted from formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded. The CXCL-12 mRNA expression was examined using qRT-PCR method. The mean differences between the two groups were analyzed using Mann-Whitney test. The differences between CXCL-12 mRNA expression and each prognostic factor ware analyzed using Mann-Whitney comparison test. CXCL-12 mRNA expression was significantly higher in the lymph node of patients with metastasis of breast carcinoma compared to the non-metastasis cases (p<0.01). There were significant differences between CXCL-12 mRNA expression with poorly histological grade (p=0.003), bigger primary tumor size (p=0.005) and age of ≥45 y.o (p=0.012) in the metastatic group, but there were no significant differences between both age of <45 and ≥45 y.o.This study suggests that the higher CXCL-12 mRNA expression level are associated with bigger tumor size and poor differentiation in breast cancer patient with lymph nodes metastasis

Controversy of angiotensin receptor blockers (ARBs) and angiotensin converting enzymeinhibitors (ACEIs) prescription for hypertension patients in coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic

Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has made all the world in a mess. Novel severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) causing COVID-19 infects human cells through angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 receptors (ACE receptors). Angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE) is upregulated in diabetes and cardiovascular diseases including hypertension. Hypertension patients commonly consume angiotensin receptor blockers (ARBs) and/or angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors (ACEIs) which could increase ACE receptors. It was suspected that the ARBs or ACEIs administration may worsen the clinical outcome for the hypertension patients with COVID-19. However, no clinical trial had significantly revealed how appropriate management and prescription of ARBs and ACEIs for the hypertension patients with COVID-19. The use of ARBs and ACEIs for these patients is still controversy. Studies concerning the side effect of single or combination use of ARBs and ACEIs in the hypertension patients with COVID-19 as well as specific morbidity and mortality are needed. This review was aimed to provide understanding concerning the appropriate management and prescription of ARBs and ACEIs for hypertension patients with COVID-19

Peppermint oil prevented oxidative stress in experimental animal – induced acute single bout of eccentric exercise (ASBEE): study on blood catalase and hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) and glucose transporter-4 (GLUT-4) expression on the muscle cells

 Peppermint oil is one of the essential oils with antioxidant activity that can reduce levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS). An acute single bout of eccentric exercise (ASBEE) is an acute exercise activity that can lead to increased ROS and cause skeletal muscle injury. This study aimed to assess the effect of peppermint oil in experimental animals induced with ASBEE with the purpose to measure catalase, hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) blood and glucose transporter-4 (GLUT-4) expression of skeletal muscle cells. A total of 30 Wistar rats (Rattus norvegicus) aged 20-24 weeks, weighing 160-350 g were divided into six groups i.e. T1 (n =5), T2 (n =4) and T3 (n =5) given peppermint oil orally at different dose of 0.25, 0.5 and 1.0 g/kg, respectively, one hour before inducing with ASBEE; C0 (n=5) not given peppermint oil and not induced with ASBEE; CA (n=5) not given peppermint oil and induced with ASBEE and CE (n=5) given vitamin E 400 mg/kg one h before induced with ASBEE. ASBEE induction was done by downhill running on a rat treadmill -50 with a load index of 70% VO2 max for 30 min. Twenty four h after induction of ASBEE, blood samples and muscle tissue were taken for examination of catalase, H2O2 and GLUT-4 expression. The results showed increased levels of blood catalase and decreased blood H2O2 levels in groups T1, T2, T3, and CE. The opposite occurred in the group CA. The GLUT-4 expression did not show any significant difference between groups. It was concluded that peppermint oil can improve the condition of oxidative stress caused by ASBEE

Association between serum soluble ST2 level and right ventricle systolic function on pulmonary hypertension due to atrial septal defect

Pulmonary hypertension (PH) due to atrial septal defect (ASD) may cause a decline in right ventricle (RV) function. Soluble ST2 isa prognostic biomarker for left ventricle dysfunction. However, its role in RV function has not been investigated. This study aimed to investigate the association between serumsoluble ST2 with RV systolic function in patients withASD–associatedPH. This was a cross sectional study. Subjects were patients participated in the COHARD-PH registry performed in Dr. Sardjito General Hospital, Yogyakarta Indonesia. The patients with ASD and PH confirmed by right heart catheterization (RHC) were enrolled in this study. The soluble ST2 level was measured in the serum collected from pulmonary artery during RHC. Right ventricle systolic function was determined by transthoracic echocardiography using peak systolic velocity of tricuspid annulus (S’) parameter. This study was performed in 32 adults with uncorrected ASD. They predominantly females [n=29 (90.6%)] with median age of 31(22.5-44.0) years old. Mean ASD diameter was 2.69±0.53 cm. Median mean pulmonary artery pressure (mPAP) 45.0 (36.25-70.0) mmHg. Median soluble ST2 level was 23.28 ng/mL. There were no significant correlations between soluble ST2 level with S’value (r=0.071; p=0.35), with mPAP (r=0.043; p=0.815), with pulmonary vasculer resistance (PVR) (r=0.025; p=0.893) and with right ventricle (RV) diameter (r=0.200; p=0.273). Soluble ST2 level was found higher in subject with RV dysfunctionbut not statistically significant. In conclusion, serum soluble ST2 level did not associate withRV systolic function, measured by S’, in adult ASD-associated PH

Infant appendicitis with perforation: a case report

Appendicitis is one of the most common surgical emergencies in children. In the USA, there are 70,000 cases are diagnosed each year. Acute appendicitis is a rare case, barely considered in the diagnoses, and probably causes acute abdominal sepsis in neonates. It affects males generally 75% of the time and 25%-50% of all reported cases occur in premature infant. Almost 50 cases have been reported over the last 30 years. We reported a 5 month-old baby girl whom transferred to our hospital from a peripheral hospital. Previously, the baby diagnosis was low-type obstruction. At the time of admission to our hospital, the baby presented with a history of abdominal distension and did not pass stools after 48 h. Oxygen and oral gastric tube were administered. Exploratory laparotomy surgery was performed through a transverse incision. This report is a retrospective review of one patient with appendicitis perforation presented in our hospital