874 research outputs found
Nutritional structure and associated factors in type 2 diabetic patients
Background: The actual structure of nutrition and associated factors in the Russian type 2Β diabetic patients have not been systematically evaluated.Aim: To assess type 2Β patients' perceptions of the diet recommendations given by their doctors, how do they deflect in the actual nutrition structure depending on demographic, medical and social factors.Materials and methods: 297Β out- and in-patients with type 2Β diabetes mellitus were consecutively recruited into this cross-sectional study (mean age Β± standart deviation, 61.0 Β± 10.1Β years, with duration of diabetes from 1 to 35Β years). 21%Β of the patients were treated with the diet only, 53%, with oral hypoglycemic agents (OHA), 26%, with insulin or insulin + OHA. In addition to their comprehensive clinical and laboratory assessment, the patients filled in the following questionnaires: 1) to assess their obstacles and barriers with diabetes treatment; 2) to assess the diet recommendations and factors that might influence their choice of foods; 3) to assess the nutritional structure. The data is given as mean Β± standard deviation.Results: Diet was chosen as the most challenging aspect of diabetes treatment by 53%Β of patients, whereas insulin therapy was found to be most challenging by 12%Β of them, blood glucose self-monitoring by 10%Β and OHA treatment by 4%. The patient's diet is influenced most of all by recommendations given by their doctors (66%), with tastes and nutritional habits of the patients ranking second (48%), their well-being rankingΒ 3rd (43%), and food costs rankingΒ 4th (40%) with aΒ small difference with theΒ 3rd. The analysis of patients' understanding of the diet components and evaluation of their actual nutritional structure showed their non-concordance with current evidenced-based approaches to medical nutrition. The patient's nutrition is dominated by exclusion of fast-absorbable carbohydrates and total carbohydrate restriction, as well as by an excessive intake of vegetable oils and unfounded restraint from fried and spicy foods. Total daily caloric intake was reduced only by 37%Β of the patients. The patients undervalue the necessity of increased fiber intake. The group of very highly consumed foods (β₯ 75%Β of the patients) included vegetable oils (84.0%), soft drinks (82.9%) and dairy products (78.9%). The group of highly consumed foods (50β74% of the patients) included soups (72.6%), meat, fish and poultry (70.5%), grains and cereals (total, 69.9%), vegetables, greenery and beans (68.9%), potatoes (58.9%), and fruits and berries (52.2%). The group of moderately consumed foods (25β49% of the patients) included bread and bakery products (44.5%) and eggs (27.9%), whereas the least consumed (< 25% of the patients) were βdiabetic foodsβ (19.4%), pasta (17.1%), fat sauces and cream (21.4%), butter and lard (15.7%), nuts (14.5%), oils preserves and smoked foods (5.7%), and sweets (4.7%). The most unhealthy diet was typical for male patients, those of relatively young age, with short diabetes duration, with obesity and with lower educational level.Conclusion: Diet is seen by type 2Β diabetic patients as the most burdening treatment element. Nutritional structure of type 2Β diabetic patients, including those who have participated in the patient education programs, in many ways is not consistent with the current principles of rational medical nutrition and is determined first of all by recommendations of their doctors that are not always optimal. The use of the questionnaire to assess nutritional structure and regularity allows to evaluate the diet style of aΒ given patient and, based on it, to elaborate corrective measures and individual dietetic recommendations
The potential and limitations of standard electrocardiography for the differential diagnosis of wide QRS complex tachycardias
The possibility to identify potentially life-threatening ventricular arrhythmias by analysis of standard electrocardiography (ECG) parameters without the use of sophisticated and expensive diagnostic techniques, such as electrophysiological heart studies, has been an important achievement of the last decades. Current differential diagnostic methods for wide QRS complex tachycardias can be categorized into 4 groups: 1) identification the ECG signs diagnostic of ventricular tachycardia, such as atrioventricular dissociation and/or sinus captures and/or fusion QRS complexes; 2) analysis of the distinct morphological features of QRS complexes during wide QRS complex tachycardias; 3) analysis of the ECG characteristics in between wide QRS complex tachycardia attacks; 4) comparison of the morphological QRS features during wide QRS complex tachycardia and during sinus rhythm periods. The list of ECG algorithms for differential diagnosis of wide QRS complex tachycardias has been growing and updated year after year; however, all of them have their limitations. Most frequently, the differential diagnosis between ventricular and aberrant supraventricular tachycardias is based on the morphological criteria of wide QRS complexes developed by H.J. Wellens et al., P. Brugada et al., M. Griffith et al., K.E. Kindwal et al., A. Vereckei et al. At the same time, there is a continuous search for new algorithms or criteria that could be easily used without decreased specificity and/or sensitivity of the diagnosis of ventricular tachycardia. The aim of this review is to comprehensively analyze the literature data and results of our own studies on the potential and limitation of standard ECG for the differential diagnosis of ventricular and various aberrant supraventricular tachycardias
Π£ΠΠΠΠΠΠΠ Π-ΠΠΠΠ’ΠΠ§ΠΠΠ ΠΠΠΠ€ΠΠΠ« ΠΠ ΠΠΠ«Π₯ ΠΠΠΠΠ Π‘ΠΠ ΠΠ¦Π Π ΠΠ ΠΠ’ΠΠΠΠ ΠΠΠΠΠΠ Π’Π ΠΠΠ£Π‘ΠΠΠΠΠΠ¬ΠΠΠΠ ΠΠΠΠΠΠΠ Π£ ΠΠΠ§-ΠΠΠ€ΠΠ¦ΠΠ ΠΠΠΠΠΠΠΠ ΠΠΠ¦ΠΠΠΠ’Π
Primary B-cell lymphoma of the heart is a rareΒ tumor. The authors presented a clinical case ofΒ a successful surgical treatment of primary rightΒ heart lymphoma in a HIV-infected patient. TheΒ use of modern diagnostic assessment methodsΒ and aggressive surgical strategies help to achieveΒ clinical effect in this patientsβ category.ΠΠ΅ΡΠ²ΠΈΡΠ½Π°Ρ Π-ΠΊΠ»Π΅ΡΠΎΡΠ½Π°Ρ Π»ΠΈΠΌΡΠΎΠΌΠ° ΡΠ΅ΡΠ΄ΡΠ° ΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎΡΠΈΡΡΡ ΠΊ ΡΠ΅Π΄ΠΊΠΈΠΌ ΠΎΠΏΡΡ
ΠΎΠ»ΡΠΌ. ΠΠ²ΡΠΎΡΡΒ ΠΏΡΠ΅Π΄ΡΡΠ°Π²ΠΈΠ»ΠΈ ΠΊΠ»ΠΈΠ½ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΠΉ ΡΠ»ΡΡΠ°ΠΉ ΡΡΠΏΠ΅ΡΠ½ΠΎΠΉ Ρ
ΠΈΡΡΡΠ³ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΎΠΉ ΠΊΠΎΡΡΠ΅ΠΊΡΠΈΠΈ ΠΏΠ΅ΡΠ²ΠΈΡΠ½ΠΎΠΉ Π»ΠΈΠΌΡΠΎΠΌΡ ΠΏΡΠ°Π²ΡΡ
ΠΎΡΠ΄Π΅Π»ΠΎΠ² ΡΠ΅ΡΠ΄ΡΠ° Ρ ΠΠΠ§-ΠΈΠ½ΡΠΈΡΠΈΡΠΎΠ²Π°Π½Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΏΠ°ΡΠΈΠ΅Π½ΡΠ°.Β ΠΡΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡΠ·ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΡΠΎΠ²ΡΠ΅ΠΌΠ΅Π½Π½ΡΡ
Π΄ΠΈΠ°Π³Π½ΠΎΡΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΡ
ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠΎΠ΄ΠΎΠ² ΠΈΡΡΠ»Π΅Π΄ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΈ Π°Π³ΡΠ΅ΡΡΠΈΠ²Π½ΠΎΠΉ Ρ
ΠΈΡΡΡΠ³ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΎΠΉ ΡΠ°ΠΊΡΠΈΠΊΠΈ ΠΏΠΎΠ·Π²ΠΎΠ»ΡΠ΅Ρ Π΄ΠΎΡΡΠΈΡΡ ΠΊΠ»ΠΈΠ½ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΡΡΡΠ΅ΠΊΡΠ° Ρ Π΄Π°Π½Π½ΠΎΠΉ ΠΊΠ°ΡΠ΅Π³ΠΎΡΠΈΠΈ ΠΏΠ°ΡΠΈΠ΅Π½ΡΠΎΠ²
ΠΠΠ’ΠΠΠΠΠ’ΠΠΠΠ‘Π‘ΠΠ¦ΠΠΠ ΠΠΠΠΠΠΠ― ΠΠΠΠ ΠΠ― Π ΠΠΠ’ΠΠΠΠΠ’ΠΠΠΠ‘Π‘ΠΠ¦ΠΠΠ ΠΠΠΠΠΠ«Π ΠΠΠΠΠ’Π«
The article presents most recent data on antibiotic-associated intestinal disorders. The author reviews epidemiology and causative microorganisms in antibiotic-induced diarrhea and pseudomembranous colitis as well as clinical variants of antibiotic-associated disorders. Diagnosis methods are decribed at length with special attention to most sensitive and informative tests. Treatment of different clinical variants of antibiotic-induced disorders is discussed in detail.Π ΡΡΠ°ΡΡΠ΅ ΠΏΡΠΈΠ²Π΅Π΄Π΅Π½Ρ Π½Π°ΠΈΠ±ΠΎΠ»Π΅Π΅ ΡΠΎΠ²ΡΠ΅ΠΌΠ΅Π½Π½ΡΠ΅ Π΄Π°Π½Π½ΡΠ΅ ΠΎΠ± Π°Π½ΡΠΈΠ±ΠΈΠΎΡΠΈΠΊΠ°ΡΡΠΎΡΠΈΠΈΡΠΎΠ²Π°Π½Π½ΡΡ
ΠΏΠΎΡΠ°ΠΆΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡΡ
ΠΊΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠ½ΠΈΠΊΠ°. Π Π°ΡΡΠΌΠ°ΡΡΠΈΠ²Π°ΡΡΡΡ Π²ΠΎΠΏΡΠΎΡΡ ΡΠΏΠΈΠ΄Π΅ΠΌΠΈΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ³ΠΈΠΈ ΠΈ ΡΡΠΈΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ³ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΡ
ΠΌΠΈΠΊΡΠΎΠ±Π½ΡΡ
ΡΠ°ΠΊΡΠΎΡΠΎΠ² Π°Π½ΡΠΈΠ±ΠΈΠΎΡΠΈΠΊΠ°ΡΡΠΎΡΠΈΠΈΡΠΎΠ²Π°Π½Π½ΠΎΠΉ Π΄ΠΈΠ°ΡΠ΅ΠΈ ΠΈ ΠΏΡΠ΅Π²Π΄ΠΎΠΌΠ΅ΠΌΠ±ΡΠ°Π½ΠΎΠ·Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΊΠΎΠ»ΠΈΡΠ°. ΠΡΠΈΠ²Π΅Π΄Π΅Π½Ρ Π²Π°ΡΠΈΠ°Π½ΡΡ ΠΊΠ»ΠΈΠ½ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΎΠΉ ΠΊΠ°ΡΡΠΈΠ½Ρ Π·Π°Π±ΠΎΠ»Π΅Π²Π°Π½ΠΈΠΉ ΠΏΠΎΡΠ»Π΅ ΠΈΡΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡΠ·ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΡ Π°Π½ΡΠΈΠ±ΠΈΠΎΡΠΈΠΊΠΎΠ². ΠΠΎΠ΄ΡΠΎΠ±Π½ΠΎ ΡΠ°ΡΡΠΌΠ°ΡΡΠΈΠ²Π°ΡΡΡΡ ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠΎΠ΄Ρ Π΄ΠΈΠ°Π³Π½ΠΎΡΡΠΈΠΊΠΈ Ρ ΡΠΊΠ°Π·Π°Π½ΠΈΠ΅ΠΌ Π½Π°ΠΈΠ±ΠΎΠ»Π΅Π΅ ΡΡΠ²ΡΡΠ²ΠΈΡΠ΅Π»ΡΠ½ΡΡ
ΠΈ ΠΈΠ½ΡΠΎΡΠΌΠ°ΡΠΈΠ²Π½ΡΡ
ΡΠ΅ΡΡΠΎΠ². ΠΠ΅ΡΠ°Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎ ΡΠ°Π·Π±ΠΈΡΠ°ΡΡΡΡ Π²ΠΎΠΏΡΠΎΡΡ Π»Π΅ΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΡΠ°Π·Π½ΡΡ
Π²Π°ΡΠΈΠ°Π½ΡΠΎΠ² Π°Π½ΡΠΈΠ±ΠΈΠΎΡΠΈΠΊΠ°ΡΡΠΎΡΠΈΠΈΡΠΎΠ²Π°Π½Π½ΡΡ
ΠΏΠΎΡΠ°ΠΆΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠΉ
PDX-ΠΌΠΎΠ΄Π΅Π»Ρ Π²ΡΡΠΎΠΊΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΡΡΠ΅ΡΠ΅Π½ΡΠΈΡΠΎΠ²Π°Π½Π½ΠΎΠΉ Π½Π΅ΠΉΡΠΎΡΠ½Π΄ΠΎΠΊΡΠΈΠ½Π½ΠΎΠΉ ΠΎΠΏΡΡ ΠΎΠ»ΠΈ ΠΏΠΎΠ΄ΠΆΠ΅Π»ΡΠ΄ΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎΠΉ ΠΆΠ΅Π»Π΅Π·Ρ Π½Π° ΠΈΠΌΠΌΡΠ½ΠΎΠ΄Π΅ΡΠΈΡΠΈΡΠ½ΡΡ ΠΌΡΡΠ°Ρ Π»ΠΈΠ½ΠΈΠΈ Balb/c Nude
Background: Orthotopic patient-derived xenografts (PDX) in immunodeficient mice are recognized as the most adequate neoplastic model due to their ability to maintain primary tumor properties after implantation. They can be used to study anti-neoplastic effects of pharmacological substances in vivo and to investigate characteristics and mechanisms of carcinogenesis. Results of preclinical studies of pharmacological substances obtained with PDX models are virtually no different from those of subsequent clinical trials. Aim: To develop an orthotopic PDX model of a highly differentiated human pancreatic neuroendocrine tumor (pNET) by implanting a fragment of the patient's tumor into the pancreas of immunodeficient mice. Materials and methods: A tumor fragment was obtained from a patient with a highly differentiated pNET G2 and liver metastasis. Fifteen (15) male immunodeficient Balb/c Nude mice with a mass of 22-24 grams were used to establish the orthotopic PDX model of human well-differentiated pNET. A fragment of primary pNET was orthotopically transplanted into the pancreas of 10 animals. A fragment of the metastatic lesion was transplanted into the liver of 5 animals. The animals were followed for up to 45 days. In vivo monitoring of the tumor growth was performed with a magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) system (ClinScan, Bruker BioSpin, Rheinstetten, Germany). At the end of the experiment, animals were euthanized and autopsies were performed, with routine histopathological examination and immunohistochemical study with antibodies to human chromogranin A, synaptophysin, and the marker of proliferative activity (Ki-67) of both original donor tumor and orthotopic pancreatic and liver xenografts. Results: Obvious changes in the mice condition were noticed at 30 days after surgery. They manifested as an increase in abdominal distension, swelling, and cyanosis in the projection of the pancreas. MRI showed a homogeneous neoplasm in the pancreas. At autopsy, the engraftment rate was 73% of all study animals, with yellow masses with even contours and a volume of about 100 cm3 present within the yellow-pink pancreatic tissues. The morphological assessment showed histological similarity between the original patient's tumor and patient-derived xenografts, which were identified as highly differentiated G2 pNETs. At immunohistochemical assessment, the patient's primary and metastatic tumor tissue specimens expressed anti-chromogranin A (full-blown cytoplasmic reaction) and anti-synaptophysin (mild cytoplasmic reaction) antibodies. Ki-67 was positive in 5.2% of the cells. An immunohistochemical study of the orthotopic tumor fragments and heterotopic tumor fragments showed moderate cytoplasmic staining with antibodies to chromogranin A and synaptophysin. The rate of Ki-67 in the orthotopic pNET model and metastatic model does not exceed 5% and 8%, respectively. Conclusion: Engraftment of tumor material after transplantation of human pancreatic cancer was observed in 73% of the cases, which should be considered a good first passage implantation result. The morphological studies confirmed that the orthotopic PDX was a well-differentiated pNET, histologically corresponding to the donor tumor. The model created in the experiment mirrors the histological characteristics of the donor tumor and can be used in preclinical studies of new treatments for well-differentiated pNETs, including those of antitumor activity of new pharmacological substances.ΠΠΊΡΡΠ°Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΡΡΡ. ΠΡΡΠΎΡΠΎΠΏΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΠ΅ ΠΊΡΠ΅Π½ΠΎΠ³ΡΠ°Ρ-ΡΡ ΡΠ΅Π»ΠΎΠ²Π΅ΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΡ
ΠΎΠΏΡΡ
ΠΎΠ»Π΅ΠΉ (patient-derived xenograft - PDX) Π½Π° ΠΈΠΌΠΌΡΠ½ΠΎΠ΄Π΅ΡΠΈΡΠΈΡΠ½ΡΡ
ΠΌΡΡΠ°Ρ
ΠΏΡΠΈΠ·Π½Π°Π½Ρ Π½Π°ΠΈΠ±ΠΎΠ»Π΅Π΅ Π°Π΄Π΅ΠΊΠ²Π°ΡΠ½ΠΎΠΉ ΠΌΠΎΠ΄Π΅Π»ΡΡ ΠΎΠΏΡΡ
ΠΎΠ»Π΅Π²ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΏΡΠΎΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ° Π±Π»Π°Π³ΠΎΠ΄Π°ΡΡ ΡΠΏΠΎΡΠΎΠ±Π½ΠΎΡΡΠΈ ΡΠΎΡ
ΡΠ°Π½ΡΡΡ ΠΏΠΎΡΠ»Π΅ ΠΈΠΌΠΏΠ»Π°Π½ΡΠ°ΡΠΈΠΈ ΠΏΠ΅ΡΠ²ΠΎΠ½Π°ΡΠ°Π»ΡΠ½ΡΠ΅ ΡΠ²ΠΎΠΉΡΡΠ²Π° ΠΎΠΏΡΡ
ΠΎΠ»ΠΈ. ΠΠ½ΠΈ ΠΌΠΎΠ³ΡΡ ΠΏΡΠΈΠΌΠ΅Π½ΡΡΡΡΡ Π΄Π»Ρ ΠΈΠ·ΡΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΏΡΠΎΡΠΈΠ²ΠΎΠΎΠΏΡΡ
ΠΎΠ»Π΅Π²ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ Π΄Π΅ΠΉΡΡΠ²ΠΈΡ ΡΠ°ΡΠΌΠ°ΠΊΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ³ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΡ
ΡΡΠ±ΡΡΠ°Π½ΡΠΈΠΉ in vivo, Π° ΡΠ°ΠΊΠΆΠ΅ ΠΈΡΡΠ»Π΅Π΄ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΎΡΠΎΠ±Π΅Π½Π½ΠΎΡΡΠ΅ΠΉ ΠΈ ΠΌΠ΅Ρ
Π°Π½ΠΈΠ·ΠΌΠΎΠ² ΠΊΠ°Π½ΡΠ΅ΡΠΎΠ³Π΅Π½Π΅Π·Π°. Π Π΅Π·ΡΠ»ΡΡΠ°ΡΡ Π΄ΠΎΠΊΠ»ΠΈΠ½ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΡ
ΠΈΡΡΠ»Π΅Π΄ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΠΉ ΡΠ°ΡΠΌΠ°ΠΊΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ³ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΡ
ΡΡΠ±ΡΡΠ°Π½ΡΠΈΠΉ, ΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡΡΠ΅Π½Π½ΡΠ΅ Π½Π° PDX-ΠΌΠΎΠ΄Π΅Π»ΡΡ
, ΠΏΡΠ°ΠΊΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈ Π½Π΅ ΡΠ°Π·Π½ΡΡΡΡ Ρ ΠΏΠΎΡΠ»Π΅Π΄ΡΡΡΠΈΠΌΠΈ ΠΊΠ»ΠΈΠ½ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΠΌΠΈ ΠΈΡΠΏΡΡΠ°Π½ΠΈΡΠΌΠΈ. Π¦Π΅Π»Ρ - ΡΠΎΠ·Π΄Π°Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΠΎΡΡΠΎΡΠΎΠΏΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΎΠΉ PDX-ΠΌΠΎΠ΄Π΅Π»ΠΈ Π²ΡΡΠΎΠΊΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΡΡΠ΅ΡΠ΅Π½ΡΠΈΡΠΎΠ²Π°Π½Π½ΠΎΠΉ Π½Π΅ΠΉΡΠΎΡΠ½Π΄ΠΎΠΊΡΠΈΠ½Π½ΠΎΠΉ ΠΎΠΏΡΡ
ΠΎΠ»ΠΈ (ΠΠΠ) ΠΏΠΎΠ΄ΠΆΠ΅Π»ΡΠ΄ΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎΠΉ ΠΆΠ΅Π»Π΅Π·Ρ (ΠΠ) ΡΠ΅Π»ΠΎΠ²Π΅ΠΊΠ° ΠΏΡΡΠ΅ΠΌ ΠΈΠΌΠΏΠ»Π°Π½ΡΠ°ΡΠΈΠΈ ΡΡΠ°Π³ΠΌΠ΅Π½ΡΠ° ΠΎΠΏΡΡ
ΠΎΠ»ΠΈ ΠΏΠ°ΡΠΈΠ΅Π½ΡΠ° Π² ΠΠ ΠΈΠΌΠΌΡΠ½ΠΎΠ΄Π΅ΡΠΈΡΠΈΡΠ½ΡΡ
ΠΌΡΡΠ΅ΠΉ. ΠΠ°ΡΠ΅ΡΠΈΠ°Π» ΠΈ ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠΎΠ΄Ρ. Π€ΡΠ°Π³ΠΌΠ΅Π½Ρ ΠΎΠΏΡΡ
ΠΎΠ»ΠΈ Π±ΡΠ» Π²Π·ΡΡ ΠΎΡ ΠΏΠ°ΡΠΈΠ΅Π½ΡΠ° Ρ Π΄ΠΈΠ°Π³Π½ΠΎΠ·ΠΎΠΌ Π²ΡΡΠΎΠΊΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΡΡΠ΅ΡΠ΅Π½ΡΠΈΡΠΎΠ²Π°Π½Π½ΠΎΠΉ ΠΠΠ ΠΠ, G2 Ρ ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠ°ΡΡΠ°Π·ΠΎΠΌ Π² ΠΏΠ΅ΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈ. ΠΠ»Ρ ΡΠΎΠ·Π΄Π°Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΎΡΡΠΎΡΠΎΠΏΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΎΠΉ PDX-ΠΌΠΎΠ΄Π΅Π»ΠΈ ΠΠΠ ΠΠ ΡΠ΅Π»ΠΎΠ²Π΅ΠΊΠ° Π±ΡΠ»ΠΎ ΠΈΡΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡΠ·ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΎ 15 ΡΠ°ΠΌΡΠΎΠ² ΠΈΠΌΠΌΡΠ½ΠΎΠ΄Π΅ΡΠΈΡΠΈΡΠ½ΡΡ
ΠΌΡΡΠ΅ΠΉ Π»ΠΈΠ½ΠΈΠΈ Balb/c Nude ΠΌΠ°ΡΡΠΎΠΉ 22-24 Π³. Π€ΡΠ°Π³ΠΌΠ΅Π½Ρ ΠΏΠ΅ΡΠ²ΠΈΡΠ½ΠΎΠΉ ΠΠΠ ΠΠ Π±ΡΠ» ΡΡΠ°Π½ΡΠΏΠ»Π°Π½ΡΠΈΡΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ Π² ΠΠ 10 ΠΆΠΈΠ²ΠΎΡΠ½ΡΠΌ. Π€ΡΠ°Π³ΠΌΠ΅Π½Ρ ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠ°ΡΡΠ°Π·Π° ΠΠΠ Π² ΠΏΠ΅ΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈ Π±ΡΠ» ΠΈΠΌΠΏΠ»Π°Π½ΡΠΈΡΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ Π² ΠΏΠ΅ΡΠ΅Π½Ρ 5 ΠΌΡΡΠ΅ΠΉ. ΠΠ°Π±Π»ΡΠ΄Π΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ Π·Π° ΠΆΠΈΠ²ΠΎΡΠ½ΡΠΌΠΈ ΠΏΡΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΠ»ΠΈ Π² ΡΠ΅ΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ 45 ΡΡΡΠΎΠΊ. ΠΡΠΈΠΆΠΈΠ·Π½Π΅Π½Π½ΠΎΠ΅ Π½Π°Π±Π»ΡΠ΄Π΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ Π·Π° ΡΠΎΡΡΠΎΠΌ ΠΎΠΏΡΡ
ΠΎΠ»ΠΈ Π²ΡΠΏΠΎΠ»Π½ΡΠ»ΠΎΡΡ Ρ ΠΈΡΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡΠ·ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΠ΅ΠΌ Π²ΠΈΠ·ΡΠ°Π»ΠΈΠ·Π°ΡΠΈΠΈ Π½Π° ΠΌΠ°Π³Π½ΠΈΡΠ½ΠΎ-ΡΠ΅Π·ΠΎΠ½Π°Π½ΡΠ½ΠΎΠΌ ΡΠΎΠΌΠΎΠ³ΡΠ°ΡΠ΅ ClinScan. ΠΠΎ ΠΎΠΊΠΎΠ½ΡΠ°Π½ΠΈΠΈ ΡΠΊΡΠΏΠ΅ΡΠΈΠΌΠ΅Π½ΡΠ° ΠΎΡΡΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ²Π»ΡΠ»ΠΈ ΡΠ²ΡΠ°Π½Π°Π·ΠΈΡ ΠΈ Π½Π΅ΠΊΡΠΎΠΏΡΠΈΡ. ΠΡΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΠ»ΠΈ ΡΡΠ°Π½Π΄Π°ΡΡΠ½ΠΎΠ΅ Π³ΠΈΡΡΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ³ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΎΠ΅ ΠΈ ΠΈΠΌΠΌΡΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΈΡΡΠΎΡ
ΠΈΠΌΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΎΠ΅ ΠΈΡΡΠ»Π΅Π΄ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΠ΅ Ρ Π°Π½ΡΠΈΡΠ΅Π»Π°ΠΌΠΈ ΠΊ Ρ
ΡΠΎΠΌΠΎΠ³ΡΠ°Π½ΠΈΠ½Ρ Π, ΡΠΈΠ½Π°ΠΏΡΠΎΡΠΈΠ·ΠΈΠ½Ρ, ΠΌΠ°ΡΠΊΠ΅ΡΡ ΠΏΡΠΎΠ»ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠ°ΡΠΈΠ²Π½ΠΎΠΉ Π°ΠΊΡΠΈΠ²Π½ΠΎΡΡΠΈ (Ki-67) ΡΠ΅Π»ΠΎΠ²Π΅ΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΎΠΉ ΠΎΠΏΡΡ
ΠΎΠ»ΠΈ Π΄ΠΎΠ½ΠΎΡΠ° ΠΈ ΠΎΡΡΠΎΡΠΎΠΏΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΡ
ΠΊΡΠ΅Π½ΠΎΠ³ΡΠ°ΡΡΠΎΠ² Π² ΠΠ ΠΈ ΠΏΠ΅ΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈ ΠΌΡΡΠ΅ΠΉ. Π Π΅Π·ΡΠ»ΡΡΠ°ΡΡ. ΠΠΈΠ΄ΠΈΠΌΡΠ΅ ΠΈΠ·ΠΌΠ΅Π½Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ Π² ΡΠΎΡΡΠΎΡΠ½ΠΈΠΈ ΠΌΡΡΠ΅ΠΉ Π±ΡΠ»ΠΈ Π·Π°ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠ΅Π½Ρ ΡΠΏΡΡΡΡ 30 Π΄Π½Π΅ΠΉ ΠΏΠΎΡΠ»Π΅ ΠΎΠΏΠ΅ΡΠ°ΡΠΈΠΈ. ΠΠ½ΠΈ Π²ΡΡΠ°ΠΆΠ°Π»ΠΈΡΡ Π² ΡΠ²Π΅Π»ΠΈΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠΈ ΠΆΠΈΠ²ΠΎΡΠ°, Π΅Π³ΠΎ ΠΏΡΠΈΠΏΡΡ
Π»ΠΎΡΡΠΈ ΠΈ ΡΠΈΠ½ΡΡΠ½ΠΎΡΡΠΈ Π² ΠΏΡΠΎΠ΅ΠΊΡΠΈΠΈ ΠΠ. ΠΠ°Π³Π½ΠΈΡΠ½ΠΎ-ΡΠ΅Π·ΠΎΠ½Π°Π½ΡΠ½Π°Ρ ΡΠΎΠΌΠΎΠ³ΡΠ°ΡΠΈΡ ΠΏΠΎΠΊΠ°Π·Π°Π»Π° ΠΎΠ΄Π½ΠΎΡΠΎΠ΄Π½ΠΎΠ΅ Π½ΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠΎΠ±ΡΠ°Π·ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΠ΅ Π² ΠΎΠ±Π»Π°ΡΡΠΈ ΠΠ. ΠΡΠΈ Π½Π΅ΠΊΡΠΎΠΏΡΠΈΠΈ Π²ΡΠ΅Ρ
ΠΈΡΡΠ»Π΅Π΄ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½Π½ΡΡ
ΠΌΡΡΠ΅ΠΉ ΠΎΡΠΌΠ΅ΡΠ°Π»ΠΎΡΡ ΠΏΡΠΈΠΆΠΈΠ²Π»Π΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΠΎΠΏΡΡ
ΠΎΠ»Π΅Π²ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΌΠ°ΡΠ΅ΡΠΈΠ°Π»Π° Π² 73% ΡΠ»ΡΡΠ°Π΅Π², ΠΏΡΠΈ ΡΡΠΎΠΌ Π² ΠΠ ΠΆΠ΅Π»ΡΠΎ-ΡΠΎΠ·ΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΡΠ²Π΅ΡΠ° Π±ΡΠ»ΠΈ ΠΎΠ±Π½Π°ΡΡΠΆΠ΅Π½Ρ ΠΎΠΏΡΡ
ΠΎΠ»ΠΈ ΠΆΠ΅Π»ΡΠΎΠ²Π°ΡΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΡΠ²Π΅ΡΠ° Ρ ΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΠΌΠΈ ΠΊΠΎΠ½ΡΡΡΠ°ΠΌΠΈ ΠΎΠ±ΡΠ΅ΠΌΠΎΠΌ ΠΎΠΊΠΎΠ»ΠΎ 100 ΠΌΠΌ3. ΠΡΠΈ ΠΌΠΎΡΡΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ³ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΎΠΌ Π°Π½Π°Π»ΠΈΠ·Π΅ ΠΎΠΏΡΡ
ΠΎΠ»ΠΈ Π΄ΠΎΠ½ΠΎΡΠ° ΠΈ ΡΠ΅ΡΠΈΠΏΠΈΠ΅Π½ΡΠΎΠ² Π±ΡΠ»ΠΈ Π³ΠΈΡΡΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ³ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈ ΡΡ
ΠΎΠΆΠΈ ΠΈ ΠΈΠ΄Π΅Π½ΡΠΈΡΠΈΡΠΈΡΠΎΠ²Π°Π½Ρ ΠΊΠ°ΠΊ Π²ΡΡΠΎΠΊΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΡΡΠ΅ΡΠ΅Π½ΡΠΈΡΠΎΠ²Π°Π½Π½Π°Ρ ΠΠΠ ΠΠ, G2. ΠΡΠΈ ΠΈΠΌΠΌΡΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΈΡΡΠΎΡ
ΠΈΠΌΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΎΠΌ ΠΈΡΡΠ»Π΅Π΄ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΠΈ ΠΏΠ΅ΡΠ²ΠΈΡΠ½Π°Ρ ΠΈ ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠ°ΡΡΠ°ΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠ°Ρ ΠΎΠΏΡΡ
ΠΎΠ»ΠΈ ΠΏΠ°ΡΠΈΠ΅Π½ΡΠ° ΡΠΊΡΠΏΡΠ΅ΡΡΠΈΡΠΎΠ²Π°Π»ΠΈ Π°Π½ΡΠΈΡΠ΅Π»Π° ΠΊ Ρ
ΡΠΎΠΌΠΎΠ³ΡΠ°Π½ΠΈ-Π½Ρ Π (ΡΠ΅Π·ΠΊΠΎ Π²ΡΡΠ°ΠΆΠ΅Π½Π½Π°Ρ ΡΠΈΡΠΎΠΏΠ»Π°Π·ΠΌΠ°ΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠ°Ρ ΡΠ΅Π°ΠΊΡΠΈΡ) ΠΈ ΡΠΈΠ½Π°ΠΏΡΠΎΡΠΈΠ·ΠΈΠ½Ρ (ΡΠ»Π°Π±ΠΎ Π²ΡΡΠ°ΠΆΠ΅Π½Π½Π°Ρ ΡΠΈΡΠΎΠΏΠ»Π°Π·ΠΌΠ°ΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠ°Ρ ΡΠ΅Π°ΠΊΡΠΈΡ). Ki-67 Π±ΡΠ» ΠΏΠΎΠ·ΠΈΡΠΈΠ²Π΅Π½ Π² 5,2% ΠΊΠ»Π΅ΡΠΎΠΊ. ΠΡΠΈ ΠΈΠΌΠΌΡΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΈΡΡΠΎΡ
ΠΈΠΌΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΎΠΌ ΠΈΡΡΠ»Π΅Π΄ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΠΈ ΠΌΠΎΠ΄Π΅Π»ΠΈ ΠΏΠ΅ΡΠ²ΠΈΡΠ½ΠΎΠΉ ΠΎΠΏΡΡ
ΠΎΠ»ΠΈ ΠΈ ΠΌΠΎΠ΄Π΅Π»ΠΈ ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠ°ΡΡΠ°ΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΎΠΉ ΠΎΠΏΡΡ
ΠΎΠ»ΠΈ Π±ΡΠ»Π° Π²ΡΡΠ²Π»Π΅Π½Π° ΡΠΌΠ΅ΡΠ΅Π½Π½ΠΎ Π²ΡΡΠ°ΠΆΠ΅Π½Π½Π°Ρ ΡΠΈΡΠΎΠΏΠ»Π°Π·ΠΌΠ°ΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠ°Ρ ΠΎΠΊΡΠ°ΡΠΊΠ° Ρ Π°Π½ΡΠΈΡΠ΅Π»Π°ΠΌΠΈ ΠΊ Ρ
ΡΠΎΠΌΠΎΠ³ΡΠ°Π½ΠΈΠ½Ρ Π ΠΈ ΡΠΈΠ½Π°ΠΏΡΠΎΡΠΈΠ·ΠΈΠ½Ρ. Ki-67 Π² ΠΌΠΎΠ΄Π΅Π»ΠΈ ΠΏΠ΅ΡΠ²ΠΈΡΠ½ΠΎΠΉ ΠΠΠ ΠΠ Π½Π΅ ΠΏΡΠ΅Π²ΡΡΠ°Π» 5%, Π° Π² ΠΌΠΎΠ΄Π΅Π»ΠΈ ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠ°ΡΡΠ°Π·Π° Π² ΠΏΠ΅ΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈ Π΄ΠΎΡΡΠΈΠ³Π°Π» 8%. ΠΠ°ΠΊΠ»ΡΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅. Π ΡΠ΅Π·ΡΠ»ΡΡΠ°ΡΠ΅ ΡΡΠ°Π½ΡΠΏΠ»Π°Π½ΡΠ°ΡΠΈΠΈ ΠΎΠΏΡΡ
ΠΎΠ»ΠΈ ΠΠ ΡΠ΅Π»ΠΎΠ²Π΅ΠΊΠ° ΠΎΡΠΌΠ΅ΡΠ°Π»ΠΎΡΡ ΠΏΡΠΈΠΆΠΈΠ²Π»Π΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΠΎΠΏΡΡ
ΠΎΠ»Π΅Π²ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΌΠ°ΡΠ΅ΡΠΈΠ°Π»Π° Π² 73% ΡΠ»ΡΡΠ°Π΅Π², ΡΡΠΎ ΡΠ»Π΅Π΄ΡΠ΅Ρ ΠΏΡΠΈΠ·Π½Π°ΡΡ Ρ
ΠΎΡΠΎΡΠΈΠΌ ΡΠ΅Π·ΡΠ»ΡΡΠ°ΡΠΎΠΌ ΠΈΠΌΠΏΠ»Π°Π½ΡΠ°ΡΠΈΠΈ Π΄Π»Ρ ΠΏΠ΅ΡΠ²ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΏΠ°ΡΡΠ°ΠΆΠ°. Π‘ΠΎΠ³Π»Π°ΡΠ½ΠΎ ΡΠ΅Π·ΡΠ»ΡΡΠ°ΡΠ°ΠΌ ΠΌΠΎΡΡΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ³ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΡ
ΠΈΡΡΠ»Π΅Π΄ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΠΉ, ΠΎΡΡΠΎΡΠΎΠΏΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΠΉ ΠΊΡΠ΅Π½ΠΎΠ³ΡΠ°ΡΡ, ΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡΡΠ΅Π½Π½ΡΠΉ ΠΎΡ ΠΏΠ°ΡΠΈΠ΅Π½ΡΠ°, ΡΠ²Π»ΡΠ΅ΡΡΡ Π²ΡΡΠΎΠΊΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΡΡΠ΅ΡΠ΅Π½ΡΠΈΡΠΎΠ²Π°Π½Π½ΠΎΠΉ ΠΠΠ ΠΠ, G2, ΡΠΎ Π΅ΡΡΡ Π³ΠΈΡΡΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ³ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈ ΡΠΎΠΎΡΠ²Π΅ΡΡΡΠ²ΡΠ΅Ρ ΠΎΠΏΡΡ
ΠΎΠ»ΠΈ ΠΏΠ°ΡΠΈΠ΅Π½ΡΠ°-Π΄ΠΎΠ½ΠΎΡΠ°. ΠΠΎΠ»ΡΡΠ΅Π½Π½Π°Ρ Π² Π½Π°ΡΠ΅ΠΌ ΡΠΊΡΠΏΠ΅ΡΠΈΠΌΠ΅Π½ΡΠ΅ ΠΌΠΎΠ΄Π΅Π»Ρ ΠΏΠΎΠ²ΡΠΎΡΡΠ΅Ρ Π³ΠΈΡΡΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ³ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΠ΅ ΠΎΡΠΎΠ±Π΅Π½Π½ΠΎΡΡΠΈ Π΄ΠΎΠ½ΠΎΡΡΠΊΠΎΠΉ ΠΎΠΏΡΡ
ΠΎΠ»ΠΈ ΠΈ ΠΌΠΎΠΆΠ΅Ρ Π½Π°ΠΉΡΠΈ ΡΠ²ΠΎΠ΅ ΠΏΡΠΈΠΌΠ΅Π½Π΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ Π² Π΄ΠΎΠΊΠ»ΠΈΠ½ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΡ
ΠΈΡΡΠ»Π΅Π΄ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΡΡ
Π½ΠΎΠ²ΡΡ
ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠΎΠ΄ΠΎΠ² Π»Π΅ΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ Π²ΡΡΠΎΠΊΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΡΡΠ΅ΡΠ΅Π½ΡΠΈΡΠΎΠ²Π°Π½Π½ΡΡ
ΠΠΠ ΠΠ, Π² ΡΠΎΠΌ ΡΠΈΡΠ»Π΅ Π² ΠΈΡΡΠ»Π΅Π΄ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΡΡ
ΠΏΡΠΎΡΠΈΠ²ΠΎΠΎΠΏΡΡ
ΠΎΠ»Π΅Π²ΠΎΠΉ Π°ΠΊΡΠΈΠ²Π½ΠΎΡΡΠΈ Π½ΠΎΠ²ΡΡ
ΡΠ°ΡΠΌΠ°ΠΊΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ³ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΡ
ΡΡΠ±ΡΡΠ°Π½ΡΠΈΠΉ
ΠΠΈΠΎΠΈΠΌΠΏΠ΅Π΄Π°Π½ΡΠ½ΡΠΉ ΡΠ°Π·ΠΎΠ²ΡΠΉ ΡΠ³ΠΎΠ» ΠΊΠ°ΠΊ ΠΌΠ°ΡΠΊΠ΅Ρ ΡΠ°ΡΠΊΠΎΠΏΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠΈ Ρ ΠΆΠ΅Π½ΡΠΈΠ½ ΡΡΠ°ΡΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΎΠ³ΠΎ Π²ΠΎΠ·ΡΠ°ΡΡΠ° Ρ ΠΏΠΎΠ»ΠΈΠΌΠΎΡΠ±ΠΈΠ΄Π½ΠΎΠΉ ΠΏΠ°ΡΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ³ΠΈΠ΅ΠΉ
Rationale: The progressive decline in skeletal muscle strength and function during aging can lead to disability and premature death. It is of interest to evaluate the potential of bioimpedance phase angle (PhA) as an instrumental marker of sarcopenia in clinical practice.Aim: To identify an association between the phase angles determined by the bioimpedance analysis of body composition, with functional activity parameters in elderly women with multiple comorbidities.Materials and methods: The study included 146 elderly women (aged 75 to 84 years, mean age 79.44 Β± 2.56 years). Assessments consisted of the Charlson comorbidity index, βVozrast ne pomekhaβ (Age is not a hindrance) questionnaire, the Barthel index, the sit-to-stand five-repeat test, the standardized 4-meter walking speed test, and bioimpedance analysis of body composition (ABC-02, Medass, Russia). Muscle strength parameters were assessed by wrist dynamometry with a mechanical wrist dynamometer. The hand dynamometry index was calculated by dividing the hand grip strength by the patient's squared height. According to the EWGSOP2 guidelines for the critical cur-off for hand dynamometry, the patients were divided into two groups: those with the hand grip strength 16 kg (n = 41) and those with 16 kg (n = 105).Results: There were significant correlations of PhA with age (r = -0.369; p =0.017), the results of the screening questionnaire βVozrast ne pome-khaβ (Age is not a hindrance) (r = -0.359; p = 0.023), Barthel index (r = 0.375; p = 0.018), hand dynamometry (r = 0.395; p = 0.014), hand dynamometry index (r = 0.340; p = 0.021), lean body mass (r = 0.414; p = 0.009), musculoskeletal mass (r = 0.819; p 0.001), proportion of musculoskeletal mass (r = 0.796; p 0.001), walking speed (r = 0.670; p 0.001), and the results of the sit-to-stand test (r = -0.541; p 0.001). Sarcopenia was diagnosed in 61 women (41.8%). There were also significant differences in age, hand dynamometry results, hand dynamometry index, walking speed and results of the sit-to-stand test between the two groups depending on their hand grip strength.Conclusion: The use of hand dynamometry, physical activity tests, and bioimpedance phase angle can be used in clinical practice to diagnose sarcopenia.ΠΠΊΡΡΠ°Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΡΡΡ. ΠΡΠΎΠ³ΡΠ΅ΡΡΠΈΡΡΡΡΠ΅Π΅ Π½Π° ΡΠΎΠ½Π΅ ΡΡΠ°ΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΡΠ½ΠΈΠΆΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΡΠΈΠ»Ρ ΠΈ ΡΡΠ½ΠΊΡΠΈΠΈ ΡΠΊΠ΅Π»Π΅ΡΠ½ΡΡ
ΠΌΡΡΡ ΠΌΠΎΠΆΠ΅Ρ ΠΏΡΠΈΠ²Π΅ΡΡΠΈ ΠΊ ΠΈΠ½Π²Π°Π»ΠΈΠ΄ΠΈΠ·Π°ΡΠΈΠΈ ΠΈ ΠΏΡΠ΅ΠΆΠ΄Π΅Π²ΡΠ΅ΠΌΠ΅Π½Π½ΠΎΠΉ ΡΠΌΠ΅ΡΡΠΈ. ΠΡΠ΅Π΄ΡΡΠ°Π²Π»ΡΠ΅Ρ ΠΈΠ½ΡΠ΅ΡΠ΅Ρ Π²ΠΎΠ·ΠΌΠΎΠΆΠ½ΠΎΡΡΡ ΠΈΡΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡΠ·ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΡ Π² ΠΊΠ»ΠΈΠ½ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΎΠΉ ΠΏΡΠ°ΠΊΡΠΈΠΊΠ΅ Π±ΠΈΠΎΠΈΠΌΠΏΠ΅Π΄Π°Π½ΡΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΡΠ°Π·ΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΡΠ³Π»Π° (Π°Π½Π³Π». phase angle, PhA) Π² ΠΊΠ°ΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ²Π΅ ΠΈΠ½ΡΡΡΡΠΌΠ΅Π½ΡΠ°Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΌΠ°ΡΠΊΠ΅ΡΠ° ΡΠ°ΡΠΊΠΎΠΏΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠΈ.Π¦Π΅Π»Ρ - Π²ΡΡΠ²Π»Π΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ Π²Π·Π°ΠΈΠΌΠΎΡΠ²ΡΠ·Π΅ΠΉ ΡΠ°Π·ΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΡΠ³Π»Π°, ΠΎΠΏΡΠ΅Π΄Π΅Π»ΡΠ΅ΠΌΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠΎΠ΄ΠΎΠΌ Π±ΠΈΠΎΠΈΠΌΠΏΠ΅Π΄Π°Π½ΡΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ Π°Π½Π°Π»ΠΈΠ·Π° ΡΠΎΡΡΠ°Π²Π° ΡΠ΅Π»Π°, Ρ ΠΏΠΎΠΊΠ°Π·Π°ΡΠ΅Π»ΡΠΌΠΈ ΡΠ΅ΡΡΠΎΠ² ΡΡΠ½ΠΊΡΠΈΠΎΠ½Π°Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΠΉ Π°ΠΊΡΠΈΠ²Π½ΠΎΡΡΠΈ Ρ Π³Π΅ΡΠΈΠ°ΡΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΡ
ΠΏΠ°ΡΠΈΠ΅Π½ΡΠΎΠ² Ρ ΠΏΠΎΠ»ΠΈΠΌΠΎΡΠ±ΠΈΠ΄Π½ΠΎΠΉ ΠΏΠ°ΡΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ³ΠΈΠ΅ΠΉ.ΠΠ°ΡΠ΅ΡΠΈΠ°Π» ΠΈ ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠΎΠ΄Ρ. ΠΠ±ΡΠ»Π΅Π΄ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½Ρ 146 ΠΆΠ΅Π½ΡΠΈΠ½ ΡΡΠ°ΡΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΎΠ³ΠΎ Π²ΠΎΠ·ΡΠ°ΡΡΠ° (ΠΎΡ 75 Π΄ΠΎ 84 Π»Π΅Ρ, ΡΡΠ΅Π΄Π½ΠΈΠΉ Π²ΠΎΠ·ΡΠ°ΡΡ 79,44 Β± 2,56 Π³ΠΎΠ΄Π°). ΠΡΠ΅ΠΌ ΠΏΠ°ΡΠΈΠ΅Π½ΡΠΊΠ°ΠΌ ΡΠ°ΡΡΡΠΈΡΡΠ²Π°Π»ΠΈ ΠΈΠ½Π΄Π΅ΠΊΡ ΠΊΠΎΠΌΠΎΡΠ±ΠΈΠ΄Π½ΠΎΡΡΠΈ Charlson, ΠΈΠ½Π΄Π΅ΠΊΡ Barthel, ΠΏΡΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΠ»ΠΈ Π°Π½ΠΊΠ΅ΡΠΈΡΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΠ΅ Ρ ΠΏΠΎΠΌΠΎΡΡΡ 7-Π±Π°Π»Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΎΠΏΡΠΎΡΠ½ΠΈΠΊΠ° Β«ΠΠΎΠ·ΡΠ°ΡΡ Π½Π΅ ΠΏΠΎΠΌΠ΅Ρ
Π°Β», ΡΠ΅ΡΡ 5-ΠΊΡΠ°ΡΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ Π²ΡΡΠ°Π²Π°Π½ΠΈΡ ΡΠΎ ΡΡΡΠ»Π° ΠΈ ΠΏΡΠΎΠ³ΡΠ»ΠΎΡΠ½ΡΠΉ ΡΠ΅ΡΡ Ρ
ΠΎΠ΄ΡΠ±Ρ Π½Π° ΡΠ°ΡΡΡΠΎΡΠ½ΠΈΠ΅ 4 ΠΌΠ΅ΡΡΠ° ΠΏΠΎ ΡΡΠ°Π½Π΄Π°ΡΡΠ½ΠΎΠΉ ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΠΊΠ΅, Π° ΡΠ°ΠΊΠΆΠ΅ Π±ΠΈΠΎΠΈΠΌΠΏΠ΅Π΄Π°Π½ΡΠ½ΡΠΉ Π°Π½Π°Π»ΠΈΠ· ΡΠΎΡΡΠ°Π²Π° ΡΠ΅Π»Π° (Π°ΠΏΠΏΠ°ΡΠ°Ρ ΠΠΠ‘-02, Β«ΠΠ΅Π΄Π°ΡΡΒ», Π ΠΎΡΡΠΈΡ). ΠΠΎΠΊΠ°Π·Π°ΡΠ΅Π»ΠΈ ΠΌΡΡΠ΅ΡΠ½ΠΎΠΉ ΡΠΈΠ»Ρ ΠΎΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠ²Π°Π»ΠΈ ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠΎΠ΄ΠΎΠΌ ΠΊΠΈΡΡΠ΅Π²ΠΎΠΉ Π΄ΠΈΠ½Π°ΠΌΠΎΠΌΠ΅ΡΡΠΈΠΈ Ρ ΠΏΠΎΠΌΠΎΡΡΡ ΠΌΠ΅Ρ
Π°Π½ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΊΠΈΡΡΠ΅Π²ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ Π΄ΠΈΠ½Π°ΠΌΠΎΠΌΠ΅ΡΡΠ°. ΠΠ½Π΄Π΅ΠΊΡ ΠΊΠΈΡΡΠ΅Π²ΠΎΠΉ Π΄ΠΈΠ½Π°ΠΌΠΎΠΌΠ΅ΡΡΠΈΠΈ ΡΠ°ΡΡΡΠΈΡΡΠ²Π°Π»ΡΡ Π΄Π΅Π»Π΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ΠΌ ΡΠΈΠ»Ρ Ρ
Π²Π°ΡΠ° ΠΊΠΈΡΡΠΈ Π½Π° ΡΠΎΡΡ ΠΏΠ°ΡΠΈΠ΅Π½ΡΠ° Π²ΠΎ Π²ΡΠΎΡΠΎΠΉ ΡΡΠ΅ΠΏΠ΅Π½ΠΈ. Π‘ΠΎΠ³Π»Π°ΡΠ½ΠΎ ΡΠ΅ΠΊΠΎΠΌΠ΅Π½Π΄Π°ΡΠΈΡΠΌ EWGSOP2 Π² ΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠΈ ΠΊΡΠΈΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΎΠΉ ΡΠΎΡΠΊΠΈ Π΄Π»Ρ ΠΊΠΈΡΡΠ΅Π²ΠΎΠΉ Π΄ΠΈΠ½Π°ΠΌΠΎΠΌΠ΅ΡΡΠΈΠΈ, ΠΏΠ°ΡΠΈΠ΅Π½ΡΠΊΠΈ Π±ΡΠ»ΠΈ ΡΠ°Π·Π΄Π΅Π»Π΅Π½Ρ Π½Π° Π΄Π²Π΅ Π³ΡΡΠΏΠΏΡ: Ρ ΡΠΈΠ»ΠΎΠΉ Ρ
Π²Π°ΡΠ° ΠΊΠΈΡΡΠΈ Π±ΠΎΠ»Π΅Π΅ 16 ΠΊΠ³ (n = 41) ΠΈ Ρ ΡΠΈΠ»ΠΎΠΉ Ρ
Π²Π°ΡΠ° ΠΊΠΈΡΡΠΈ ΠΌΠ΅Π½Π΅Π΅ 16 ΠΊΠ³ (n = 105).Π Π΅Π·ΡΠ»ΡΡΠ°ΡΡ. ΠΡΡΠ²Π»Π΅Π½Ρ ΡΡΠ°ΡΠΈΡΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈ Π·Π½Π°ΡΠΈΠΌΡΠ΅ ΠΊΠΎΡΡΠ΅Π»ΡΡΠΈΠΈ PhA Ρ Π²ΠΎΠ·ΡΠ°ΡΡΠΎΠΌ (r = -0,369; p = 0,017), ΡΠ΅Π·ΡΠ»ΡΡΠ°ΡΠ°ΠΌΠΈ ΡΠΊΡΠΈΠ½ΠΈΠ½Π³ΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΎΠΏΡΠΎΡΠ½ΠΈΠΊΠ° Β«ΠΠΎΠ·ΡΠ°ΡΡ Π½Π΅ ΠΏΠΎΠΌΠ΅Ρ
Π°Β» (r = -0,359; p = 0,023), ΠΈΠ½Π΄Π΅ΠΊΡΠΎΠΌ Barthel (r = 0,375; p = 0,018), ΠΊΠΈΡΡΠ΅Π²ΠΎΠΉ Π΄ΠΈΠ½Π°ΠΌΠΎΠΌΠ΅ΡΡΠΈΠ΅ΠΉ (r = 0,395; p = 0,014), ΠΈΠ½Π΄Π΅ΠΊΡΠΎΠΌ ΠΊΠΈΡΡΠ΅Π²ΠΎΠΉ Π΄ΠΈΠ½Π°ΠΌΠΎΠΌΠ΅ΡΡΠΈΠΈ (r = 0,340; p = 0,021), ΡΠΎΡΠ΅ΠΉ ΠΌΠ°ΡΡΠΎΠΉ ΡΠ΅Π»Π° (r = 0,414; p = 0,009), ΡΠΊΠ΅Π»Π΅ΡΠ½ΠΎ-ΠΌΡΡΠ΅ΡΠ½ΠΎΠΉ ΠΌΠ°ΡΡΠΎΠΉ (r = 0,819; p 0,001), Π΄ΠΎΠ»Π΅ΠΉ ΡΠΊΠ΅Π»Π΅ΡΠ½ΠΎ-ΠΌΡΡΠ΅ΡΠ½ΠΎΠΉ ΠΌΠ°ΡΡΡ (r = 0,796; p 0,001), ΡΠΊΠΎΡΠΎΡΡΡΡ Ρ
ΠΎΠ΄ΡΠ±Ρ (r = 0,670; p 0,001), ΡΠ΅ΡΡΠΎΠΌ 5-ΠΊΡΠ°ΡΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ Π²ΡΡΠ°Π²Π°Π½ΠΈΡ ΡΠΎ ΡΡΡΠ»Π° (r = -0,541; p 0,001). ΠΠΈΠ°Π³Π½ΠΎΠ· ΡΠ°ΡΠΊΠΎΠΏΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠΈ ΡΡΡΠ°Π½ΠΎΠ²Π»Π΅Π½ Ρ 61 (41,8%) ΠΆΠ΅Π½ΡΠΈΠ½Ρ. ΠΡΠΈ ΡΡΠ°Π²Π½Π΅Π½ΠΈΠΈ Π΄Π²ΡΡ
Π³ΡΡΠΏΠΏ, ΡΡΠΎΡΠΌΠΈΡΠΎΠ²Π°Π½Π½ΡΡ
Π² Π·Π°Π²ΠΈΡΠΈΠΌΠΎΡΡΠΈ ΠΎΡ ΡΠΈΠ»Ρ Ρ
Π²Π°ΡΠ° ΠΊΠΈΡΡΠΈ, ΡΡΠ°ΡΠΈΡΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈ Π·Π½Π°ΡΠΈΠΌΠΎ ΡΠ°Π·Π»ΠΈΡΠ°Π»ΠΈΡΡ ΡΠ°ΠΊΠΈΠ΅ ΠΏΠΎΠΊΠ°Π·Π°ΡΠ΅Π»ΠΈ, ΠΊΠ°ΠΊ Π²ΠΎΠ·ΡΠ°ΡΡ, ΠΊΠΈΡΡΠ΅Π²Π°Ρ Π΄ΠΈΠ½Π°ΠΌΠΎΠΌΠ΅ΡΡΠΈΡ, ΠΈΠ½Π΄Π΅ΠΊΡ ΠΊΠΈΡΡΠ΅Π²ΠΎΠΉ Π΄ΠΈΠ½Π°ΠΌΠΎΠΌΠ΅ΡΡΠΈΠΈ, ΡΠΊΠΎΡΠΎΡΡΡ Ρ
ΠΎΠ΄ΡΠ±Ρ, Π²ΡΠ΅ΠΌΡ Π²ΡΠΏΠΎΠ»Π½Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ° 5-ΠΊΡΠ°ΡΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ Π²ΡΡΠ°Π²Π°Π½ΠΈΡ ΡΠΎ ΡΡΡΠ»Π°.ΠΠ°ΠΊΠ»ΡΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅. ΠΠΈΡΡΠ΅Π²Π°Ρ Π΄ΠΈΠ½Π°ΠΌΠΎΠΌΠ΅ΡΡΠΈΡ, ΡΠ΅ΡΡΡ ΡΠΈΠ·ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΎΠΉ Π°ΠΊΡΠΈΠ²Π½ΠΎΡΡΠΈ ΠΈ Π±ΠΈΠΎΠΈΠΌΠΏΠ΅Π΄Π°Π½ΡΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΡΠ°Π·ΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΡΠ³Π»Π° ΠΌΠΎΠ³ΡΡ ΠΈΡΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡΠ·ΠΎΠ²Π°ΡΡΡΡ Π² ΠΊΠ»ΠΈΠ½ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΎΠΉ ΠΏΡΠ°ΠΊΡΠΈΠΊΠ΅ ΠΏΡΠΈ Π΄ΠΈΠ°Π³Π½ΠΎΡΡΠΈΠΊΠ΅ ΡΠ°ΡΠΊΠΎΠΏΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠΈ
ΠΠ΅Π±ΡΡ Π³ΠΈΡΡΠΈΠΎΡΠΈΡΠΎΠ·Π° ΠΈΠ· ΠΊΠ»Π΅ΡΠΎΠΊ ΠΠ°Π½Π³Π΅ΡΠ³Π°Π½ΡΠ° Π²ΠΎ Π²Π·ΡΠΎΡΠ»ΠΎΠΌ Π²ΠΎΠ·ΡΠ°ΡΡΠ΅. ΠΠ»ΠΈΠ½ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΎΠ΅ Π½Π°Π±Π»ΡΠ΄Π΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅
Langerhans cell histiocytosis is mainly diagnosed in children, and its manifestation in adult age is quite uncommon. Skin rashes may be non-specific and mimic a number of dermatoses. Therefore, the clinical diagnosis is challenging and as a rule, such patients are misinterpreted and managed for other disorders by a dermatologist for some years.
We present a clinical case of Langerhans cell histiocytosis with skin involvement in a 35-year female patient, who had been treated by a dermatologist for 2 years for pyoderma, seborrheic dermatitis, and skin fold candidiasis. Taking into account the clinical signs and symptoms and age of manifestation, we initially suspected familial benign pemphigus (Hailey-Hailey disease) or follicular dyskeratosis (Darier's disease). However, the histological assessment showed Langerhans cell histiocytosis confirmed by immunohistochemistry with anti-langerin, anti-CD1a, and anti-protein S-100 antibodies. The patient was referred to a hematologist for further work-upand specific treatment.
In cases of any treatment resistant disorders, which do not respond to long-term conventional treatment, it is necessary to reconsider the diagnosis by means of histological investigation. It would allow for identification of a disease, which is uncommon in dermatology practice.ΠΠΈΡΡΠΈΠΎΡΠΈΡΠΎΠ· ΠΈΠ· ΠΊΠ»Π΅ΡΠΎΠΊ ΠΠ°Π½Π³Π΅ΡΠ³Π°Π½ΡΠ° Π² ΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎΠ²Π½ΠΎΠΌ Π΄ΠΈΠ°Π³Π½ΠΎΡΡΠΈΡΡΠ΅ΡΡΡ Ρ Π΄Π΅ΡΠ΅ΠΉ, Π΅Π³ΠΎ ΠΌΠ°Π½ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ°ΡΠΈΡ Π²ΠΎ Π²Π·ΡΠΎΡΠ»ΠΎΠΌ Π²ΠΎΠ·ΡΠ°ΡΡΠ΅ Π²ΡΡΡΠ΅ΡΠ°Π΅ΡΡΡ Π΄ΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠ»ΡΠ½ΠΎ ΡΠ΅Π΄ΠΊΠΎ. ΠΡΡΡΠΏΠ°Π½ΠΈΡ Π½Π° ΠΊΠΎΠΆΠ΅ ΠΌΠΎΠ³ΡΡ Π½ΠΎΡΠΈΡΡ Π½Π΅ΡΠΏΠ΅ΡΠΈΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΠΉ Ρ
Π°ΡΠ°ΠΊΡΠ΅Ρ ΠΈ ΠΈΠΌΠΈΡΠΈΡΠΎΠ²Π°ΡΡ ΡΡΠ΄ Π΄Π΅ΡΠΌΠ°ΡΠΎΠ·ΠΎΠ². ΠΡΠ»Π΅Π΄ΡΡΠ²ΠΈΠ΅ ΡΡΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΊΠ»ΠΈΠ½ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠ°Ρ Π΄ΠΈΠ°Π³Π½ΠΎΡΡΠΈΠΊΠ° Π·Π°ΡΡΡΠ΄Π½ΠΈΡΠ΅Π»ΡΠ½Π°, ΠΏΠ°ΡΠΈΠ΅Π½ΡΡ, ΠΊΠ°ΠΊ ΠΏΡΠ°Π²ΠΈΠ»ΠΎ, Π² ΡΠ΅ΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ Π½Π΅ΡΠΊΠΎΠ»ΡΠΊΠΈΡ
Π»Π΅Ρ ΠΎΡΠΈΠ±ΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎ Π½Π°Π±Π»ΡΠ΄Π°ΡΡΡΡ Ρ Π΄Π΅ΡΠΌΠ°ΡΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ³Π° Ρ ΡΠ°Π·Π½ΡΠΌΠΈ Π΄ΠΈΠ°Π³Π½ΠΎΠ·Π°ΠΌΠΈ.
Π ΡΡΠ°ΡΡΠ΅ ΠΏΡΠΈΠ²ΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΡΡΡ Π½Π°Π±Π»ΡΠ΄Π΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ Π³ΠΈΡΡΠΈΠΎΡΠΈΡΠΎΠ·Π° ΠΈΠ· ΠΊΠ»Π΅ΡΠΎΠΊ ΠΠ°Π½Π³Π΅ΡΠ³Π°Π½ΡΠ° Ρ ΠΏΠΎΡΠ°ΠΆΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ΠΌ ΠΊΠΎΠΆΠΈ Ρ ΠΆΠ΅Π½ΡΠΈΠ½Ρ 35 Π»Π΅Ρ, ΠΊΠΎΡΠΎΡΠ°Ρ 2 Π³ΠΎΠ΄Π° Π½Π°Π±Π»ΡΠ΄Π°Π»Π°ΡΡ Ρ Π΄ΠΈΠ°Π³Π½ΠΎΠ·Π°ΠΌΠΈ ΠΏΠΈΠΎΠ΄Π΅ΡΠΌΠΈΠΈ, ΡΠ΅Π±ΠΎΡΠ΅ΠΉΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ Π΄Π΅ΡΠΌΠ°ΡΠΈΡΠ°, ΠΊΠ°Π½Π΄ΠΈΠ΄ΠΎΠ·Π° ΡΠΊΠ»Π°Π΄ΠΎΠΊ. Π£ΡΠΈΡΡΠ²Π°Ρ ΠΊΠ»ΠΈΠ½ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΡΡ ΠΊΠ°ΡΡΠΈΠ½Ρ Π·Π°Π±ΠΎΠ»Π΅Π²Π°Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΈ Π²ΠΎΠ·ΡΠ°ΡΡ Π½Π°ΡΠ°Π»Π° Π·Π°Π±ΠΎΠ»Π΅Π²Π°Π½ΠΈΡ, Π°Π²ΡΠΎΡΡ ΠΏΡΠ΅Π΄ΠΏΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠΆΠΈΠ»ΠΈ Π½Π°Π»ΠΈΡΠΈΠ΅ ΡΠ΅ΠΌΠ΅ΠΉΠ½ΠΎΠΉ Π΄ΠΎΠ±ΡΠΎΠΊΠ°ΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ²Π΅Π½Π½ΠΎΠΉ ΠΏΡΠ·ΡΡΡΠ°ΡΠΊΠΈ Π₯Π΅ΠΉΠ»ΠΈ Π₯Π΅ΠΉΠ»ΠΈ Π»ΠΈΠ±ΠΎ ΡΠΎΠ»Π»ΠΈΠΊΡΠ»ΡΡΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ Π΄ΠΈΡΠΊΠ΅ΡΠ°ΡΠΎΠ·Π° ΠΠ°ΡΡΠ΅. ΠΠ΄Π½Π°ΠΊΠΎ ΠΏΡΠΈ Π³ΠΈΡΡΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ³ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΎΠΌ ΠΈΡΡΠ»Π΅Π΄ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΠΈ Π±ΡΠ»ΠΈ Π²ΡΡΠ²Π»Π΅Π½Ρ ΠΏΡΠΈΠ·Π½Π°ΠΊΠΈ Π³ΠΈΡΡΠΈΠΎΡΠΈΡΠΎΠ·Π° ΠΈΠ· ΠΊΠ»Π΅ΡΠΎΠΊ ΠΠ°Π½Π³Π΅ΡΠ³Π°Π½ΡΠ°, ΠΊΠΎΡΠΎΡΡΠ΅ ΠΏΠΎΠ΄ΡΠ²Π΅ΡΠ΄ΠΈΠ»ΠΈΡΡ ΡΠ΅Π·ΡΠ»ΡΡΠ°ΡΠ°ΠΌΠΈ ΠΈΠΌΠΌΡΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΈΡΡΠΎΡ
ΠΈΠΌΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΈΡΡΠ»Π΅Π΄ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΡ Ρ Π°Π½ΡΠΈΡΠ΅Π»Π°ΠΌΠΈ ΠΊ Π»Π°Π½Π³Π΅ΡΠΈΠ½Ρ, CD1a, ΠΏΡΠΎΡΠ΅ΠΈΠ½Ρ S-100. ΠΠ»Ρ ΠΎΠ±ΡΠ»Π΅Π΄ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΈ ΠΏΡΠΎΠ²Π΅Π΄Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΡΠΏΠ΅ΡΠΈΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΎΠΉ ΡΠ΅ΡΠ°ΠΏΠΈΠΈ Π±ΠΎΠ»ΡΠ½Π°Ρ Π±ΡΠ»Π° Π½Π°ΠΏΡΠ°Π²Π»Π΅Π½Π° ΠΊ Π³Π΅ΠΌΠ°ΡΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ³Ρ.
ΠΡΠΈ ΡΠ΅Π·ΠΈΡΡΠ΅Π½ΡΠ½ΡΡ
ΠΏΡΠΎΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ°Ρ
, Π½Π΅ ΠΎΡΠ²Π΅ΡΠ°ΡΡΠΈΡ
Π΄Π»ΠΈΡΠ΅Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎ Π½Π° ΡΡΠ°Π½Π΄Π°ΡΡΠ½ΡΡ ΡΠ΅ΡΠ°ΠΏΠΈΡ, Π½Π΅ΠΎΠ±Ρ
ΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΠΌΠΎ Π΄Π»Ρ ΡΡΠΎΡΠ½Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ Π΄ΠΈΠ°Π³Π½ΠΎΠ·Π° ΠΏΡΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΡΡ Π³ΠΈΡΡΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ³ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΎΠ΅ ΠΈΡΡΠ»Π΅Π΄ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΠ΅, ΠΏΠΎΠ·Π²ΠΎΠ»ΡΡΡΠ΅Π΅ Π²ΡΡΠ²Π»ΡΡΡ ΡΠ΅Π΄ΠΊΠΎ Π²ΡΡΡΠ΅ΡΠ°ΡΡΠΈΠ΅ΡΡ Π² ΠΏΡΠ°ΠΊΡΠΈΠΊΠ΅ Π΄Π΅ΡΠΌΠ°ΡΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ³Π° Π·Π°Π±ΠΎΠ»Π΅Π²Π°Π½ΠΈΡ
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