Levels of reflection in student-teachers: an exploratory study.

by Wun Kwan Tai.Thesis (M.Phil.)--Chinese University of Hong Kong, 1998.Includes bibliographical references (leaves 99-103).Abstract and questionnaire also in Chinese.Abstract --- p.IDedication --- p.IIIAcknowledgements --- p.IVTable of Contents --- p.VList of Table --- p.IXChapter PageChapter 1. --- Introduction --- p.1Chapter 1.1 --- Background of the study --- p.1Chapter 1.2 --- Purpose and significance of the study --- p.2Chapter 1.3 --- Research questions --- p.3Chapter 2. --- Review of relevant literature --- p.4Chapter 2.1 --- Conceptualization of reflection --- p.4Chapter 2.1.1 --- Reflection as reflective thinking --- p.5Chapter 2.1.1.1 --- Reflection with attitude of open-mindedness --- p.5Chapter 2.1.1.2 --- Reflection with attitude of whole-heartedness --- p.5Chapter 2.1.1.3 --- Reflection with attitude of responsibility --- p.6Chapter 2.1.2 --- Reflection as reflective practice --- p.6Chapter 2.1.3 --- Process of reflection --- p.7Chapter 2.1.3.1 --- Reflection occurred in doubt and perplexity --- p.7Chapter 2.1.3.2 --- Reflection occurred in stepping back to analyze one's experience --- p.7Chapter 2.1.3.3 --- Reflection occurred in reconstructing one's experience through problem setting and problem solving --- p.8Chapter 2.1.4 --- What constitutes the evidence of reflections --- p.9Chapter 2.1.4.1 --- Evidence found in teachers' core values --- p.9Chapter 2.1.4.2 --- Evidence found in teachers' personal experience --- p.10Chapter 2.1.4.3 --- Evidence found in teachers' transmitted knowledge --- p.11Chapter 2.2 --- Levels of reflection --- p.12Chapter 2.2.1 --- Technical reflection --- p.14Chapter 2.2.2 --- Critical reflection --- p.15Chapter 2.2.3 --- Reflection-on-action --- p.18Chapter 2.2.4 --- Reflection-in-action --- p.20Chapter 2.2.5 --- Framework on levels of reflection --- p.22Chapter 2.3 --- Writing as an instrument in finding evidence of reflection --- p.23Chapter 2.3.1 --- Writing as an instrument in researches on reflection --- p.23Chapter 2.3.2 --- Selection of question for reflective writing --- p.27Chapter 2.3.2.1 --- Reflective-writing on controversial educational issues --- p.27Chapter 2.3.2.2 --- Reflective writing on learning and teaching experiences --- p.29Chapter 2.3.2.3 --- Reflective writing on planning --- p.29Chapter 2.4 --- Summary --- p.30Chapter 3. --- Research method --- p.31Chapter 3.1 --- Introduction --- p.31Chapter 3.2 --- Participants --- p.31Chapter 3.3 --- Instruments 226}0ؤ reflective writing tasks --- p.31Chapter 3.3.1 --- Validity of the reflective writing tasks --- p.32Chapter 3.3.2 --- Selection of questions for reflective writing --- p.33Chapter 3.3.2.1 --- Controversial educational issues --- p.33Chapter 3.3.2.2 --- Learning and teaching experiences --- p.36Chapter 3.3.2.3 --- Planning --- p.37Chapter 3.4 --- Pilot study --- p.39Chapter 3.5 --- Procedures --- p.39Chapter 3.6 --- Data analysis --- p.40Chapter 3.6.1 --- Specific features for each level of reflection --- p.40Chapter 3.6.1.1 --- Level one of reflection (Technical reflection) --- p.40Chapter 3.6.1.2 --- Level two of reflection (Descriptive reflection) --- p.41Chapter 3.6.1.3 --- Level three of reflection (Dialogic reflection) --- p.41Chapter 3.6.1.4 --- Level four of reflection (Critical reflection) --- p.41Chapter 3.6.2 --- Process of data coding --- p.42Chapter 3.6.3 --- General contents of the reflective writings --- p.42Chapter 3.6.4 --- Searching of evidence for different levels of reflection in reflective writings --- p.43Chapter 3.7 --- Summary --- p.44Chapter 4. --- Results --- p.45Chapter 4.1 --- General findings --- p.45Chapter 4.2 --- General contents for reflective writings --- p.48Chapter 4.2.1 --- General contents in answering questions on controversial educational issues --- p.48Chapter 4.2.1.1 --- General contents on question one --- p.49Chapter 4.2.1.2 --- General contents on question two --- p.51Chapter 4.2.2 --- General contents in answering questions on learning and teaching experiences --- p.53Chapter 4.2.2.1 --- General contents on question three --- p.53Chapter 4.2.2.2 --- General contents on question four --- p.55Chapter 4.2.3 --- General contents in answering questions on planning --- p.57Chapter 4.2.3.1 --- General contents on question five --- p.57Chapter 4.2.3.2 --- General contents on question six --- p.58Chapter 4.3 --- Evidence for different levels of reflection found in reflective writings --- p.60Chapter 4.3.1 --- Level one (Technical reflection) --- p.60Chapter 4.3.1.1 --- Reflective writings on controversial educational issues --- p.60Chapter 4.3.1.2 --- Reflective writings on learning and teaching experiences --- p.61Chapter 4.3.1.3 --- Reflective writings on planning --- p.63Chapter 4.3.2 --- Level two (Descriptive reflection) --- p.65Chapter 4.3.2.1 --- Reflective writings on controversial educational issues --- p.65Chapter 4.3.2.2 --- Reflective writings on learning and teaching experiences --- p.67Chapter 4.3.2.3 --- Reflective writings on planning --- p.69Chapter 4.3.3 --- Level three (Dialogic reflection) --- p.71Chapter 4.3.3.1 --- Reflective writings on controversial educational issues --- p.71Chapter 4.3.3.2 --- Reflective writings on learning and teaching experiences --- p.73Chapter 4.3.3.3 --- Reflective writings on planning --- p.75Chapter 4.3.4 --- Level four (Critical reflection) --- p.77Chapter 4.4 --- Summary --- p.78Chapter 5. --- Discussion --- p.79Chapter 5.1 --- Research question one --- p.79Chapter 5.1.1 --- Demonstration of evidence of reflection in response to controversial educational issues --- p.79Chapter 5.1.2 --- Demonstration of evidence of reflection in response to learning and teaching experiences --- p.81Chapter 5.1.3 --- Demonstration of evidence of reflection in response to planning --- p.83Chapter 5.2 --- Research question two --- p.85Chapter 5.2.1 --- Technical reflection --- p.85Chapter 5.2.2 --- Descriptive reflection --- p.87Chapter 5.2.3 --- Dialogic reflection --- p.88Chapter 5.2.4 --- Critical reflection --- p.39Chapter 5.3 --- Concluding remarks --- p.90Chapter 6. --- Summary and Conclusion --- p.91Chapter 6.1 --- Summary of findings --- p.91Chapter 6.2 --- Implications for teacher education and future research --- p.93Chapter 6.3 --- Limitation of the study --- p.97Chapter 6.4 --- Concluding remarks --- p.98References --- p.99Appendix 1 Consent form --- p.104Appendix 2 Reflective writing task --- p.105Appendix 3 Personal information form --- p.112Appendix 4 Coding scheme on levels of reflection --- p.11