The assesment of lipid peroxidation processes disturbances in animals` lungs in condition of experimental parodontitis development

An imbalance between generation of free radicals and antioxidant defence leads to an oxidative stress Pulmonary damage caused by oxygen toxicity occurs due to the generation of reactive oxygen species and subsequent formation of more potent oxidants in experimental peridontitis development. Furthermore, the reactive oxygen species content may be a useful and practical parameter for evaluating periodontal disease activity

Generation and loss of reactive oxygen species in low-temperature atmospheric-pressure RF He+O2+H2O plasma

This study focuses on the generation and loss of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in lowtemperature atmospheric‐pressure rf (13.56MHz) He+O2+H2O plasmas, which are of interest for many biomedical applications. Pure He+O2 plasmas are a good source of ozone, singlet oxygen and atomic oxygen, with densities of these species increasing as oxygen content increases1. He+H2O plasmas offer an interesting alternative to He+O2 plasmas as a source of reactive oxygen species (ROS), and they produce significant amounts of hydrogen peroxide, hydroxyl radicals and hydroperoxyl radicals, which increase with increasing water content2. Admixtures of O2 and H2O lead to richer cocktails of ROS that combine all these species

Phenolic content and radical scavenging properties of natural extracts for traditional care of domestic animals in Mediterranean areas

Extracts of plants traditionally used for treatments on animals were tested for total phenolic, non tannic phenolic, condensed tannins and total flavonoid content. Antioxidant properties were determined using 2,2’-azinobis (3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulphonic acid) diammonium salt (ABTS) and 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) chemical assays following DMSO extraction. We also assessed the toxicity of extracts on cell viability and determined their ability to modulate the production of intracellular reactive oxygen species

Dietary açai modulates ROS production by neutrophils and gene expression of liver antioxidant enzymes in rats

Açai (Euterpe oleracea Mart.) has recently emerged as a promising source of natural antioxidants. Because increased oxidative stress and impaired antioxidant defense mechanisms are important factors in the development of diabetic complications and many health claims have been reported for açai, the present study was undertaken to evaluate the possible protective effects of açai on the production of reactive oxygen species by neutrophils and on the liver antioxidant defense system in control and streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats. Diet supplementation with 2% açai was found to increase mRNA levels for gamma-glutamylcysteine synthetase and glutathione peroxidase in liver tissue and to decrease reactive oxygen species production by neutrophils. Compared to control animals, diabetic rats exhibited lower levels of mRNA coding for Zn-superoxide dismutase, glutathione peroxidase and gamma-glutamylcysteine synthetase and higher levels of reactive oxygen species production by neutrophils, thiobarbituric acid-reactive substances and carbonyl proteins in hepatic tissues. Although açai supplementation was not effective in restore gene expression of antioxidant enzymes in diabetic rats, it showed a protective effect, decreasing thiobarbituric acid-reactive substances levels and increasing reduced glutathione content in the liver. These findings suggest that açai can modulate reactive oxygen species production by neutrophils and that it has a significant favorable effect on the liver antioxidant defense system under fisiological conditions of oxidative stress and partially revert deleterious effects of diabetes in the liver

The Role of Reactive Oxygen Species in Muscle: Beneficial/Harmful

Introduction: Skeletal muscle produces moderate quantities of oxidant species, such as reactive oxygen species (ROS) and reactive nitrogen species (RNS), due to its contractile action, high oxygen consumption, and metabolic rate (RNS). Under normal physiological circumstances, the generation and removal of ROS/RNS are in dynamic equilibrium. Content: The body reaches a condition of oxidative stress, however, when the oxidation products surpass the antioxidant defense capability. Increased oxidative stress has significant ramifications for the molecular, structural, and functional integrity of muscle. The release of reactive oxygen species (ROS) under pathological circumstances leads to cellular dysfunction and the progression of muscle disorders. Conclusion: The antioxidants can put ROS in optimal concentrations to perform physiological signals in muscle. At appropriate concentrations, ROS and RNS can regulate intracellular signal transduction. Thus, moderate quantities of radicals are advantageous to muscle, but high doses of ROS are harmful. The aim of this review is to know about the role of ROS in muscle

Reversion by ozone treatment of acute nephrotoxicity induced by cisplatin in rats.

BACKGROUND: Ozone therapy has become a useful treatment for pathological processes, in which the damage mediated by reactive oxygen species is involved. Several lines of evidence suggest that cisplatin-induced acute nephrotoxicity is partially mediated by reactive oxygen species AIMS: To analyze the effect of ozone administration after cisplatin-induced acute nephrotoxicity. METHODS: Male Sprague-Dawley rats were treated with five intra-rectal applications of ozone/oxygen mixture at 0.36, 1.1 and 1.8 mg/kg after cisplatin intraperitoneal injection (6 mg/kg). Serum and kidneys were taken off 5 days after cisplatin treatment. Creatinine was measured in the serum and the activities of antioxidant enzymes and thiobarbituric acid reactive substances and glutathione content were analyzed in renal homogenate. RESULTS: Ozone treatment diminished the increase in serum creatinine levels, the glutathione depletion and also reversed the inhibition of superoxide dismutase, catalase and glutathione peroxidase activities induced by cisplatin in the rat kidney. Also, the renal content of thiobarbituric reactive substances was decreased by ozone/oxygen mixture applied after cisplatin. CONCLUSION: Intrarectal applications of ozone reversed the renal pro-oxidant unbalance induced by cisplatin treatment by the way of stimulation to some constituents of antioxidant system in the kidney, and thereby it decreased the renal damage

A baseline study of the metallothioneins content in digestive gland of the Norway lobster Nephrops norvegicus from Northern Adriatic Sea: Body size, season, gender and metal specific variability

Metallothioneins content was investigated in digestive gland of two wild-caught Norway lobster Nephrops norvegicus populations from the Northern Adriatic Sea, in relation to body size, season and gender. Concomitant accumulation of cadmium, mercury, arsenic, lead, chromium and manganese, reactive oxygen species concentration and energy reserves in digestive gland were also assessed. While differences between genders were not recorded, metallothioneins content seasonal trends were affected by body size. Most of parameters displayed inconsistent trends across sampling sites. Significant correlation between metallothioneins content and cadmium, arsenic and mercury concentrations was recorded only for larger lobsters. A negative correlation of reactive oxygen species concentration and metallothioneins content was observed for small, but not large lobsters. Energy reserves, in particular lipids, could considerably influence biochemical and chemical parameters variations. The present results constitute the essential baseline for future studies aimed at evaluating the N. norvegicus health in relation to metal contamination of coastal sediments

Genetic modification of the manganese superoxide dismutase/glutathione peroxidase 1 pathway influences intracellular ROS generation in quiescent, but not contracting, skeletal muscle cells

[EN] Increased amounts of reactive oxygen species (ROS) are generated by skeletal muscle during contractile activity, but their intracellular source is unclear. The oxidation of 2′,7′-dichlorodihydrofluorescein (DCFH) was examined as an intracellular probe for reactive oxygen species in skeletal muscle myotubes derived from muscles of wild-type mice and mice that were heterozygous knockout for manganese superoxide dismutase (Sod2+/− ), homozygous knockout for glutathione peroxidase 1 (GPx1−/− ), or MnSOD transgenic overexpressors (Sod2-Tg). Myoblasts were stimulated to fuse and loaded with DCFH 5–7 days later. Intracellular DCF epifluorescence was measured and myotubes were electrically stimulated to contract for 15 min. Quiescent myotubes with decreased MnSOD or GPx1 showed a significant increase in the rate of DCFH oxidation whereas those with increased MnSOD did not differ from wild type. Following contractions, myotubes from all groups showed an equivalent increase in DCF fluorescence. Thus the oxidation of DCFH in quiescent skeletal muscle myotubes is influenced by the content of enzymes that regulate mitochondrial superoxide and hydrogen peroxide content. In contrast, the increase in DCFH oxidation following contractions was unaffected by reduced or enhanced MnSOD or absent GPx1, indicating that reactive oxygen species produced by contractions were predominantly generated by nonmitochondrial sources

Resistance imparted by vitamin C, vitamin e and vitamin B12 to the acute hepatic glycogen change in rats caused by noise.

The effects of vitamin C, vitamin E and vitamin B12 on the noise-induced acute change in hepatic glycogen content in rats were investigated. The exposure of rats to 95 dB and 110 dB of noise acutely reduced their hepatic glycogens. Vitamin C (ascorbic acid) and vitamin E (alpha -tocopherol) attenuated the noise-inducedacute reduction in the hepatic glycogen contents. This result suggests that antioxidants could reduce the change via reactive oxygen species. Vitamin B12 (cobalamin) delayed the noiseinduced change, a finding that suggests that vitamin B12 could postpone the acute change via compensating for vitamin B12 deficiency

Engineering Multidefects on Cex Si1−x O2−δ Nanocomposites for the Catalytic Ozonation Reaction

Herein, it is shown that by engineering defects on CexSi1−xO2−δ nanocomposites synthesized via flame spray pyrolysis, oxygen vacancies can be created with an increased density of trapped electrons, enhancing the formation of reactive oxygen species (ROSs) and hydroxyl radicals in an ozone-filled environment. Spectroscopic analysis and density functional theory calculations indicate that two-electron oxygen vacancies (OV0) or peroxide species, and their degree of clustering, play a critical role in forming reactive radicals. It is also found that a higher Si content in the binary oxide imposes a high OV0 ratio and, consequently, higher catalytic activity. Si inclusion in the nanocomposite appears to stabilize the surface oxygen vacancies as well as increase the reactive electron density at these sites. A mechanistic study on effective ROSs generated during catalytic ozonation reveals that the hydroxyl radical is the most effective ROS for organic degradation and is formed primarily through H2O2 generation in the presence of the OV0. Examining the binary oxides offers insights on the contribution of oxygen vacancies and their state of charge to catalytic reactions, in this instance for the catalytic ozonation of organic compounds