Extruded flakes from pearl millet (Pennisetum glaucum)-carrot (Daucus carota) blended flours-production, nutritional and sensory attributes

Open Access JournalMillet flour (M) and carrot flour(C) were produced and blended in the ratios 100M:0C, 95M:5C, 90M:10C, 85M:15C and 80M:20C respectively to produce extruded flakes. The composite flours were subjected to analysis of the proximate and mineral composition, as well as functional and pasting properties. Extruded flakes were analyzed for proximate composition, total carotenoids, colour and sensory evaluation. There was no significant difference (p > 0.05) in the proximate, functional and pasting properties but there were significant differences (p 0.05) affected by extrusion cooking. In terms of the lightness (L*), redness (a*) and yellowness (b*), 100% millet flakes had the least values of 50.09, 0.076 and 10.39 respectively. Sample with 85M:15C had the overall acceptance score of 7.25. In terms of colour and taste, the sample with 90M:10C had the highest scores of 8.50 and 6.50 respectively. Sample with 85M: 15C was most preferred in terms of crunchiness. The results indicate that pearl millet and carrot are rich in different nutrient when blended in the right proportions to make composite flour, it would produce nutrient-dense food product rich in protein, vitamin Aand minerals

Proximate and heavy metals composition of Plantain (Musa paradisiaca L.) fruits harvested from some solid waste dumps in Uyo Metropolis, Nigeria

Plantain thrives well in waste dumpsites. These wastes usually contaminate the soil with heavy metals which become absorbed by the plants. The risk of heavy metal toxicity in humans is an issue of serious concern globally. Proximate composition of plantain fruits harvested from three randomly selected waste dumpsites in Uyo metropolis, Nigeria were determined using AOAC standard analytical techniques while their heavy metals (Pb, Cr, Ni, Cu, Co, Cd and As) concentrations and that of their rhizosphere soil were analysed with Unicam Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometer. Proximate analyses results revealed that carbohydrate content was higher in the fruits harvested from the control uncontaminated soil sites (91.61%) than in the fruits harvested from dumpsite soils (87.23%; 87.89%; 88.00%). Dumpsite soils had higher heavy metals concentrations than the control soil. Lead (Pb) was the highest occurring heavy metal in all the dumpsite soils. Fruits harvested from the dumpsite soils had higher heavy metals concentrations than those from the control soil. Pb was the only heavy metal whose concentration in the plantain fruits was higher than the WHO/FAO permissible limit. This work has established that the selected dumpsite soils have been contaminated with heavy metals which have been absorbed by the plantain cultivated there. Cultivation and consumption of plantain from these dumpsite soils should be discouraged

Proximate composition of some commercial fish feeds sold in Nigeria

A study was undertaken to analyse and compare with manufacturers’ declaration the nutrient content of some feeds available in Nigeria through proximate analysis. The commercial fish feeds collected from the markets were Adolf Calyx, Coppens, Dizengoff and Durante. Proximate composition such as moisture, crude protein, crude lipid, ash, fibre and NFE (nitrogen free extract) were analysed. In general, there was variation between analysed and company declared nutrient contents of different feeds especially the protein and lipid content of the feeds. Apart from Adolf Calyx, all the analysed feeds had protein contents of above 40% which is good for catfish production as recommended by the manufacturer. Keywords: Proximate composition, Commercial fishfeeds, Adolf Calyx, Coppens, Dizengoff, Durante

Proximate composition analysis of feeds

The chemical composition of the feed gives its potential nutritive value and hence, in the assessment of quality of a feed the proximate principles are first determined. The Weende proximate analysis system for analyzing animal feed includes the determination of moisture (dry matter) ether extract (crude fat) crude protein, ash, crude fibre and nitrogen free extract (NFE)

Proximate composition and mineral content of the African snakehead fish Channa obscura

The proximate composition and mineral content of the African snake head, .Channa obscura from the Niger Delta, Nigeria was investigated with a view to provide nutritional data for dietary planning and baseline data for further research. Mean values for proximate composition were: protein 21.02%, fat 4.38%, moisture 67.82%, ash, 2.28%. The P, K, Na, Ca, Mg, Zn, and Fe contents of the fish samples was 3113.29mg/g, 237.35mg/100g, 332.12mg/100g, 383.25mg/100g, 455.33mg/l00g 0. 76mg/100g and 5.06mg/l00g respectively. Channa obscura thus constitutes a source of high protein, low in fat and source of P, Fe, K and Mg

Proximate composition, energy, fatty acid, sodium, and cholesterol content of finfish, shellfish, and their products

This document contains data concerning the proximate composition and energy, fatty acid, sodium, and cholesterol content of finfish, shellfish, and their products as listed in 228 articles published between the years of 1976 and 1984. Also included is a systematic index of the species as referenced in this document listed alphabetically by scientific name. (PDF file contains 60 pages.

Smoke curing of catfish (Tachysurus dussumieri)

The results deals with studies undertaken on the preparation of smoked catfish (Tachysurus dussumieri). The proximate composition of raw and smoked fillets are given

Proximate composition of 17 species of Indian fish

Miscellaneous fish from the catches of shrimp trawlers constitute a major portion of the marine fish catch in India, its quantity in annual landing being of the order of 50,000 tons. At present it is often not brought to the shore since it fetches only very low price. It consists of several species and is a cheap source of animal protein. Attempts are made in India in various centres (Anon. 1972-73) to utilise them effectively by formulating various speciality products acceptable to consumers

Nutritional evaluation of some freshwater fishes

The proximate composition, amino acid composition and the PER values of Rohu (Labeo rohita), Mrigal (Cirrhina mrigala) and Calbasu (Labeo calbasu) are reported. The proximate composition of all the three fishes was similar. However the amino acid composition varied considerably. Protein quality index of the three fish proteins calculated from the amino acid composition are also reported. The nutritional quality of the 3 types of proteins to meet the growth requirements of infants, children and adult human beings is discussed. The possibility of substantial improvement in nutritional quality of the three fish proteins to suit the requirements of infants and children by marginal supplementation with valine/valine-rich food for rohu and valine and isoleucine/food rich in valine and isoleucine for mrigal and calbasu is also discussed. The results indicate that of the three fishes rohu is the best in protein quality followed by mrigal and calbasu. All of them have a better amino acid make up than casein to meet the amino acid requirement of adults