Computer-aided technologies in diagnostics and therapy of impacted teeth

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Morphological markers of secretory activity in prostatic adenocarcinoma

Background/Aim. The vast majority of prostatic tumors developing in adult males are adenocarcinomas (ACP). Histological diagnosis of prostate cancer relies on the infiltrative growth pattern, presence of macronucleoli, and absence of basal cell layer. In the last few years a special attention has been focused on investigation of cancerous glands lumen content. The aim of the study was to determine the presence of intraluminal (crystaloids, blue-tanged mucinous secretions and distension of glands) and extracellular markers of pathological secretions in ACP, as well as the type of intraluminal and extracellular mucinous secretions. Methods. Micromorphological and hystochemical (PAS, HIDAB pH 2.5) analysis was done in 96 patients to detemine differentiation by Gleason and markers of secretory activity. Results. In ACP neoplastic gland`s distension (53.12%), crystalloids (30.2%), basophilic secretions (26.04%) and presence of extracellular mucins (8.3%) were found. All morphological signs were detected in carcinoma of Gleason grade 1-4A. There was significant presence of crystalloids ((G1+G2)/G4 p < 0.05; G3/G4A p < 0.05), basophilic secretions (G3/G2 p < 0.05; G3/G4A p < 0.05) and extracellular mucins (G3/G4A p < 0.001). The association of these morphological features with neutral and acidic mucins secretion was statisticaly significant (p < 0.0001). Conclusion. This study showed that intraluminal and extracellular markers of secretory activity in ACP were significantly more often associated by mixed type of mucin secretion with predominace of sialomucins.

Assessment of lower extremities ischemic disease by thallium 201 perfusion scintigraphy in patients with diabetic angiopathy

Background/Aim. Tibial perfusion in diabetic microangiopathy is considered to be a diagnostic problem. A special place in quantifying muscle microcirculatory perfusion belongs to thallium 201 muscle perfusion scintigraphy (201Tl PS). Thallium, showing the characteristics of potassium (K+), enters a cell by means of active cell transportation and follows erythrocyte up to the tissue. The aim of this study was to determine if 201Tl PS of lower extremities (LE) is a good method for estimating muscle microcirculatory perfusion in diabetic microangiopathy. Methods. The study included 32 patients of an average age 66.1 ± 14.9 years with signs of LE ischemia befalling into III and IV stage of ischemic disease according to the Lariche-Fontain classification. Out of that number there were 27 of the patients with non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (NIDDM), while 5 of the patients were with Burger's disease and Raynand's disorder. Lower extremities PS was performed after 3 min of tibial loading by the use of dorsoplantar foot flexion and intravenous 74 MBq 201Tl as a 10-minute dynamic study. A 10 minute static scintigraphy was carried out of the gluteal region, femurs, tibias and feet per a position and repeated after 3 h at rest in the same projections. The results were interpreted visually and by the semiquantitive method using a program for calculating the number of pulses per pixel in the corresponding region over 1-, 2- and 10-minute dynamic study, thus obtaining numerical data for estimating perfusion. Binding ratio in both legs was estimated visually as low (1), medium (2) and significant (3) difference in both legs. The results were compared with doppler hemodynamic indices (PI and RI). Results. Regardless the group, 201Tl binding intensity rising was significantly 2 min after application, as compared to 1 min, and the obtained level of binding was maintained even after 10 min. In the group Fontain III the majority of the patients showed a medium difference in binding 201Tl (2) in regard to the group Fontain IV with the patients having a low difference (1) between both legs and a significant difference between both legs (3). A statistically significant positive correlation was obtained between the values of RI index regarding distal region of a. tibialis posterior (p < 0.05, r = 0.43), as well as a. tibialis anterior (p = 0.05, r = 0.38). There was no correlation for the PI index. Low collateral net development based on the values for the indices PI and RI showed a less muscle perfusion on 201Tl in regard to medium and well developed collateral net with identical perfusion. Conclusion. The results of lower extremities perfusion scintigraphy are reliable indice of muscle microcilculatory perfusion. There is a statistically significant correlation between the doppler hemodynamic indices and 201Tl perfusion scintigraphy

Domaća regulativa i njena usaglašenost sa direktivama EU u vezi sa zaštitom životne sredine

Srbija je na putu priključenja Evropskoj uniji uskladila ili je na putu da uskladi svoje zakonodavstvo na način da ono bude u potpunosti kompatibilno sa onim u zemljama članicama. Preostala zakonska regulativa koju je potrebno usaglasiti pokriva velikih broj oblasti, ali je posebno simptomatično da će gotovo svaki treći zakon koji je potrebno usvojiti imati direktne ili indirektne veze sa ekologijom. Ova činjenica ukazuje na dve važne stvari. Prvo, regulativa EU po pitanju ekologije i zaštite životne okoline je veoma obimna i kompleksna. Drugo, Srbija na putu usklađivanja regulative u ovoj oblasti značajno zaostaje u odnosu na zemlje članice ali i na ostale zemlje kandidate za članstvo. Takođe, činjenice u pogledu zagađenosti, emisije štetnih gasova i ekoloških standarda potvrđuju da je potrebno veoma hitno učiniti sve kako bi se postojeći i budući propisi bolje primenjivali i kako se ne bi dalje ugrožavala životna sredina. Smanjenje zaostajanja za susedima po ovim aspektima biće najbolji dokaz da li se u sprovođenju ovih namera uspelo

Gastrointestinal stromal tumors: Microscopic and immunihistochemical features

Background/Aim. Gastrointestinal (GI) stromal tumors (GIST) are the most common mesenchymal tumors of GI tract. The most frequent localization is gastric (60-70%) followed by intestinal localization (20-30%). The histogenesis, classification, diagnostic criteria and biological behavior of GIST are still discussable. Gastrointestinal stromal tumors are thought to originate from interstitial pacemaker intestinal cells of Cajal. Histologic appearance of a GIST is complicated and biologic potential unpredictable. The aim of of tha study was to investigate anatomic localization , the size of the tumor, incapsulation, microscopic and immunohistochemical characteristics. Methods. The study involved 21 GIST taken by a complete resection in the period from 1994-2006. The analysed parameters were the localization, size, microscopic (mitotic index, nectosis, bleeding, invasivity) and immunohistochemical characteristics (CD117 (ckit), CD34, desmin, vimentin, smooth muscle actin and s- 100 protein expression. Results. Gastrointestinal stromal tumors (n=21) size varied from 10-150 mm were most frequently gastric localised with predominance of malignant tumors (85.72%). Most GIST were comprised of a uniform spindle cell population, but some were dominated by epitheloid cells. Eosinophilic cells stained CD117, CD34 and vimentin positively, were usually arranged in fascicles with the presence of skeinoid fibers. Positive correlation of biologic potential and tumor size, haemorrhagia and mitotic index were found, so as negative correlation of biologic potential and incapsulation. Conclusion. The above results, a specially localization, tumor size, mitotic index, CD117, CD34 and vimentin positivity, may be helpful for setting of a widespread criteria for diagnostic and differential diagnosis of GIST and their use in practice and therapy.

Estimate level of contamination of ecosystems by means of the distribution of some heavy metals in substrates

During the year 2000 we have researched the terrain around the river basin of the river Bregalnica. This paper contains the results of this research from four measuring points, one of which is the control measuring point Blatec on the river Osojnica. The content of some heavy metals (Pb, Cd, Zn, and Mn) has been analyzed in ambiental water (filterable heavy metals), sediment, plant material (Capsicum annuum) and animal material (bone of frog Rana ridibunda). The highest contents of heavy metals were measured at the measuring points above Makedonska Kamenica on the rivers Kamenicka and Kiselica. This is a direct consequence of the discharge of waste waters from the mines Sasa and Zletovo

Prognostic parameters in FIGO stage I endometrial carcinoma of endometrioid type

Background/Aim. Endometrial carcinoma is the most common malignant neoplasm of the female genital tract in developed countries. Endometrioid carcinoma represents about three-fourths of all endometrial carcinoma. The aim of this study was to examine pathologic parameters, age, and the 5-year survival of the patients with FIGO stage I endometrial carcinoma of endometrioid type and to assess the prognostic utility of age, depth of myometrial invasion, hystologic type (endometrioid or variant), histologic grade, nuclear grade, and lymph-vascular space invasion. Methods. Age, pathologic parameters, and survival data were retrospectively collected on 236 patients with FIGO stage I endometrial carcinoma of endometrioid type. All the patients underwent hysterectomy between 1996 and 2000 and follow-up until December 2005. Results. A total of 236 patients (mean age 58.0, range 40−79) were analyzed. During the 5-year period of follow-up, 59 (25.0%) patents died from the disease. An univariate analysis revealed that age, depth of myometrial invasion, histologic grade, nuclear grade, and lymph-vascular space invasion were associated significantly with the 5-year survival of the patients. A multivariate analysis revealed that age, lymph-vascular space invasion, and depth of myometrial invasion were associated significantly with the 5-year survival. Conclusion. Age, lymph-vascular space invasion, and depth of myometrial invasion are independent prognostic parameters for the 5-year survival of the patients with FIGO stage I endometrial carcinoma of endometrioid type

Agroterrorism as a current challenge

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Specificities of prosthetic and orthotic rehabilitation in amputees with head injury

Background/Aim. The prosthetic-orthotic rehabilitation (POR) of amputees with head injury within the polytrauma presents a specific entity. The number of traumas caused by the traffic and the low-intensity war conflicts, increases constantly. The aim of our study was to examine the influence of complications on the POR duration and outcome in polytrauma amputees with head injury (PTAHI) recording complications at the beginning and during the POR. Methods. The study was carried out on the patients divided into two groups of 35 polytrauma male patients each of corresponding age with unilateral transfemoral amputation caused by the war injury. The experimental group consisted of the amputees with head injury. Standard clinical techniques and procedures, as well as special functional evaluation techniques were used. Results. The PATHI started POR with a greater number of complications (average rate 7.29 vs 5.11 per patient; W = 928.000: Z = 3.730: p = 0.000). There was a highly significant positive correlation between this number and the Barthel Score value change (Fx, H, p < 0.01), and negative significant correlation considering prosthetic use and functional capacity test values (Fx, H p < 0.05). On admision, the amount of complications defined for the value 4 of POR outcome was significantly higher than values 2 and 3, respectively (H = 8.948; df = 2; p = 0.011). The PTAHI developed significantly more frequently complications during rehabilitation (X2 = 1.061; df = 1; p < 0.01). The proportion of the examinees with the value 4 who developed complications during rehabilitations was significantly higher than those with value 2 (Fp = 3.406; df1 = 2; df2 = 67; p = 0.038). The rehabilitation of the PTAHI lasted significantly longer (average 259.09 vs 183.63 days; W = 923.500; Z = -3.748; p = 0.000). Conclusion. The PTAHI including head injuries started prostheticorthotic rehabilitation with more prosthetic complications and their psychological status was worse, resulting in the longer duration of rehabilitation whereas the outcome itself was poor. The value 4 of the prosthetic-orthotic rehabilitation outcome can be expected more often in patients developing complications during rehabilitation

Does the cigarette smoking influence the perinatal outcome?

Cigarette smoking, active or passive, is related to adverse perinatal outcome, and affects breastfeeding. It increases risks of spontaneous abortions, preterm delivery, low birthweight, malformations, placenta previa, abruption. The aim of our study was to evaluate whether cigarette smoking has influence to perinatal outcome. Material : newborns and their mothers admitted to Gynecology&Obstetric Clinic, Skopje, Macedonia. Methods : epidemiological, clinical, statistical. Our results showed high influence of the cigarette smoking to some indicators of perinatal outcome (prematurity, low birthweight, Apgar scores). These finding derive conclusion that cigarette smoking is the most frequent and completely preventable risk factor for the adverse neonatal outcome. Key words: newborn, cigarette smoke, outcome, prematurit