Retour d\u27expérience sur les rapports Counter chez EDP Sciences

Ce document présente les rapports Counter sur EDP Science

Formativní hodnocení v praxi české základní školy

Abstrakt: Některé výzkumy či dokumenty vzdělávací politiky ukazují, že kvalita hodnocení je v českých školách neuspokojivá a že je potřeba posílit roli formativního hodnocení, tj. zajistit, aby si učitelé osvojili dovednosti, které jim umožní zjistit, jak žáci učivu rozumějí. Tento text si klade za cíl popsat funkční podobu formativního hodnocení ve výuce 2. stupně ZŠ na záměrně vybrané škole a zjistit postoje žáků k této podobě hodnocení. K naplnění tohoto cíle byla zvolena jako výzkumná strategie deskriptivní případová studie. Metodami sběru dat byly zvoleny: analýza způsobů hodnocení školy v příslušných dokumentech, přímé pozorování školy, žáků a učitelky při výuce, hloubkový individuální rozhovor s učitelkou, rozhovory v ohniskových skupinách s devíti žáky pozorované třídy, hloubkový individuální rozhovor s mentorkou dané školy a analýza učitelských a žákovských dokumentů. Z výsledků je zřejmé, že přístup k formativnímu hodnocení na této škole ovlivnil pětiletý projekt, jehož cílem bylo zajistit, aby se v každé vyučovací hodině každé dítě učilo a dosahovalo maxima svého rozvoje, a mentorka poskytnutá škole. Silná stránka sledované učitelky byla potom v komunikaci s žáky, ve stanovování kritérií hodnocení s indikátory, v podávání zpětné vazby popisným jazykem, propracovaný systém sebehodnocení žáků a využívání vrstevnického hodnocení. Žáci zapojení do výzkumu byli motivováni v učení, nebáli se komunikovat, vyjadřovat své názory a poskytovat si zpětnou vazbu navzájem. Škola by tak mohla být příkladem dobré praxe pro implementaci formativního hodnocení v našem školském systému.Klíčová slova: formativní hodnocení, případová studie, zpětná vazba, mentoring, konstruktivismus, ISCED 2

Cancelling the Big Deal at a Public University: A Discussion of STEM Faculty Perceptions of Cancellation and an Examination of Post-Cancellation Usage Data

This article discusses how faculty, staff, and students at the University at Buffalo (UB), a public Carnegie R1 university, were impacted by the cancellation of the Elsevier ScienceDirect Big Deal package. After the cancellation, UB participated in a multi-site study which included interviewing faculty about the effect of the cancellation on their research and teaching. In general, the faculty were supportive of the cancellation. There was frustration expressed with the current structure of the publishing industry, particularly with the exorbitant pricing of journal subscriptions. Later analysis of usage data at UB post-cancellation was conducted; unsurprisingly, the data showed a decrease in usage on the ScienceDirect platform and increase in requests for unavailable articles. Although the cancellation of the ScienceDirect Big Deal package had a direct impact on UB, the initial outcome was not exceedingly harmful and could be addressed through mitigating measures such as the quick fulfilment of requests for unavailable articles

Metodologia para a detecção da resistência aos benzimidazóis em Haemonchus contortus utilizando amostras em pool.

Resumo: A alta prevalência do nematoide gastrintestinal Haemonchus contortus, cujo controle é dificultado pela resistência anti-helmíntica, leva a grandes prejuízos econômicos na criação de ovinos. A genotipagem de polimorfismos associados à resistência anti-helmíntica em parasitas é uma das maneiras mais precoces de detecção da resistência, e o uso de amostras em pool pode reduzir custos e tempo de processamento e beneficiar sua aplicabilidade a campo. Entretanto, a determinação da frequência alélica de resistência (R) a partir de pool de amostras é bastante desafiadora. Assim, o objetivo deste trabalho foi desenvolver uma metodologia para a genotipagem do polimorfismo F200Y associado à resistência ao anti-helmíntico benzimidazol, em pool de larvas de três populações de H. contortus. Por meio de PCR em tempo real (qPCR), foram avaliadas as técnicas de high-resolution melting e discriminação alélica com sondas de hidrólise marcadas com fluorescência (FAM e HEX) seguida da análise por três métodos (curva sigmoide, ΔCt e log), utilizando-se curva padrão de DNA sintético (0, 20, 40, 60, 80 e 100% R) ou de larvas individuais (0, 50 e 100% R). A discriminação alélica com sondas de hidrólise, com curva padrão de larvas individuais, seguida de análise de fluorescência por log(FAM/HEX) promoveu melhor estimativa da frequência do alelo de resistência das amostras em pool, com discordância variando de 2,8 a 5,0% em relação aos valores observados na genotipagem de larvas individuais. A validação dessa técnica de genotipagem em amostras em pool poderá ser usada para a detecção da resistência anti-helmíntica em rebanhos ovinos e para a melhoria das medidas de controle da verminose, proporcionando melhor direcionamento do tratamento anti-helmíntico. | Abstrac: Haemonchus contortus is a high prevalent gastrointestinal nematode, whose control is hindered by anthelmintic resistance, leading to economic losses in sheep production. Genotyping of anthelmintic resistance-associated polymorphisms in parasites is an earlier method to detect resistance, and the use of pooled samples can reduce costs and expended time and benefit its applicability at the field. However, determining the resistance allele frequency (R) in pooled samples is quite challenging. Thus, the objective of this study was to develop a methodology for genotyping the F200Y polymorphism associated with benzimidazole resistance in pooled larvae from three H. contortus populations. Based on real-time PCR (qPCR), two methods were investigated: high-resolution melting and allelic discrimination with fluorescent (FAM and HEX) hydrolysis probes, followed by fluorescence analysis through sigmoid curve, ΔCt and log(FAM/ HEX). Synthetic DNA (0, 20, 40, 60, 80 and 100% R) or individual larvae (0, 50 and 100% R) were used as a standard curve. Allelic discrimination with hydrolysis probes with the individual larvae standard curve and fluorescence analysis by log(FAM/HEX) resulted in a better estimation of R frequency in pooled samples, varying 2.8 to 5.0% from the observed values in genotyped individual larvae. Validating this genotyping technique in pooled samples will allow its use for the detection of anthelmintic resistance in sheep flocks and improvement of nematode control practices, providing better targeting of antihelminthic treatments

Statistical Emulators of Maize, Rice, Soybean and Wheat Yields from Global Gridded Crop Models

This study provides statistical emulators of crop yields based on global gridded crop model simulations from the Inter-Sectoral Impact Model Intercomparison Project Fast Track project. The ensemble of simulations is used to build a panel of annual crop yields from five crop models and corresponding monthly summer weather variables for over a century at the grid cell level globally. This dataset is then used to estimate, for each crop and gridded crop model, the statistical relationship between yields, temperature, precipitation and carbon dioxide. This study considers a new functional form to better capture the non-linear response of yields to weather, especially for extreme temperature and precipitation events. In- and out-of-sample validations show that the statistical emulators are able to closely replicate crop yields projected by crop models and perform well out-of-sample. This study therefore provides a reliable and accessible alternative to global gridded crop yield models. By emulating crop yields for several models using parsimonious equations, the tools provide a computationally efficient method to account for uncertainty in climate change impact assessments.We gratefully acknowledge the financial support for this work from the U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Science under DE-FG02-94ER61937, the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency under XA-83600001-1 and XA-835055101-2, and other government, industry, and foundation sponsors of the Joint Program on the Science and Policy of Global Change

Statistical Emulators of Maize, Rice, Soybean and Wheat Yields from Global Gridded Crop Models

This study provides statistical emulators of crop yields based on global gridded crop model simulations from the Inter-Sectoral Impact Model Intercomparison Project Fast Track project. The ensemble of simulations is used to build a panel of annual crop yields from five crop models and corresponding monthly summer weather variables for over a century at the grid cell level globally. This dataset is then used to estimate, for each crop and gridded crop model, the statistical relationship between yields, temperature, precipitation and carbon dioxide. This study considers a new functional form to better capture the non-linear response of yields to weather, especially for extreme temperature and precipitation events. In- and out-of-sample validations show that the statistical emulators are able to closely replicate crop yields projected by crop models and perform well out-of-sample. This study therefore provides a reliable and accessible alternative to global gridded crop yield models. By emulating crop yields for several models using parsimonious equations, the tools provide a computationally efficient method to account for uncertainty in climate change impact assessments.We gratefully acknowledge the financial support for this work from the U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Science under DE-FG02-94ER61937, the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency under XA-83600001-1 and XA-835055101-2, and other government, industry, and foundation sponsors of the Joint Program on the Science and Policy of Global Change

Memòria d’activitats 2024

Memòria que recull les activitats realitzades al Centre de Recursos per a l'Aprenentatge i la Investigació de la UB durant l'any 2024