Rural population groups

Publication authorized February 28, 1925.Digitized 2007 AES.Includes bibliographical references

The Size and Distribution of Two Minority Population Groups in Texas

The Size and Distribution of Two Minority Population Groups in TexasBureau of Business Researc

Psychological type preferences of Christian groups : comparison with the UK population norms

A sample of 246 male and 380 female participants in courses about psychological type theory in a Christian context completed Form G (Anglicised) of the Myers-Briggs Personality Type Indicator® (MBTI®) instrument. The male Christians demonstrated clear preferences for Introversion, Sensing, Thinking, and Judging. The female Christians demonstrated clear preferences for Introversion, Sensing, Feeling, and Judging. The predominant type among the men was ISTJ (18%) and the predominant type among the women was ISFJ (21%). The type preferences of the current samples were statistically compared with the United Kingdom population norms. The male Christians preferred Intuition and Judging significantly more frequently than the male UK population norms, and the female Christians preferred Introversion, Intuition, and Judging significantly more frequently than the female UK population norms

Tuberculosis in Malta : thirty-five years of epidemiological trends in the native population

Malta, the smallest island state in Europe, with an approximate population of 400,000, has one of the lowest reported incidence rates for tuberculosis (TB) in its native-born population.1 Long- term trends for TB among this population were investigated. A period of 35 years (1979-2013) for the Malta-born population was investigated using single-age population numbers for each year, retrospective, and partly prospective analysis of notified TB cases. Mean five-yearly populations were then used to calculate 5- yearly incidence rates for birth-cohorts, age-groups, major site and gender. Annual reported TB incidence rates were also calculated. In the Malta-born population, over the 35- year period, reported yearly TB incidence shows a downward, albeit decelerating trend. Consecutive follow-up of 5-year age-cohorts and 5-year age-groups confirms that incidence has fallen, with the highest rates being observed in progressively older age-groups. A falling trend in TB incidence according major site and gender was also observed. TB is being successfully controlled among the Malta-born population, and confirmed to be slowly approaching the elimination phase.peer-reviewe

The velocity distribution of nearby stars from Hipparcos data II. The nature of the low-velocity moving groups

The velocity distribution of nearby stars contains many "moving groups" that are inconsistent with the standard assumption of an axisymmetric, time-independent, and steady-state Galaxy. We study the age and metallicity properties of the low-velocity moving groups based on the reconstruction of the local velocity distribution in Paper I of this series. We perform stringent, conservative hypothesis testing to establish for each of these moving groups whether it could conceivably consist of a coeval population of stars. We conclude that they do not: the moving groups are not trivially associated with their eponymous open clusters nor with any other inhomogeneous star formation event. Concerning a possible dynamical origin of the moving groups, we test whether any of the moving groups has a higher or lower metallicity than the background population of thin disk stars, as would generically be the case if the moving groups are associated with resonances of the bar or spiral structure. We find clear evidence that the Hyades moving group has higher than average metallicity and weak evidence that the Sirius moving group has lower than average metallicity, which could indicate that these two groups are related to the inner Lindblad resonance of the spiral structure. Further we find weak evidence that the Hercules moving group has higher than average metallicity, as would be the case if it is associated with the bar's outer Lindblad resonance. The Pleiades moving group shows no clear metallicity anomaly, arguing against a common dynamical origin for the Hyades and Pleiades groups. Overall, however, the moving groups are barely distinguishable from the background population of stars, raising the likelihood that the moving groups are associated with transient perturbations. [abridged

The relationship of dementia prevalence in older adults with intellectual disability (ID) to age and severity of ID

Background: Previous research has shown that adults with intellectual disability (ID) may be more at risk of developing dementia in old age than expected. However, the effect of age and ID severity on dementia prevalence rates has never been reported. We investigated the predictions that older adults with ID should have high prevalence rates of dementia that differ between ID severity groups and that the age-associated risk should be shifted to a younger age relative to the general population. Method: A two-staged epidemiological survey of 281 adults with ID without Down syndrome (DS) aged >60 years; participants who screened positive with a memory task, informant-reported change in function or with the Dementia Questionnaire for Persons with Mental Retardation (DMR) underwent a detailed assessment. Diagnoses were made by psychiatrists according to international criteria. Prevalence rates were compared with UK prevalence and European consensus rates using standardized morbidity ratios (SMRs). Results: Dementia was more common in this population (prevalence of 18.3%, SMR 2.77 in those aged >65 years). Prevalence rates did not differ between mild, moderate and severe ID groups. Age was a strong risk factor and was not influenced by sex or ID severity. As predicted, SMRs were higher for younger age groups compared to older age groups, indicating a relative shift in age-associated risk. Conclusions: Criteria-defined dementia is 2–3 times more common in the ID population, with a shift in risk to younger age groups compared to the general population

Examining socioeconomic health disparities using a rank-dependent R\'{e}nyi index

The R\'{e}nyi index (RI) is a one-parameter class of indices that summarize health disparities among population groups by measuring divergence between the distributions of disease burden and population shares of these groups. The rank-dependent RI introduced in this paper is a two-parameter class of health disparity indices that also accounts for the association between socioeconomic rank and health; it may be derived from a rank-dependent social welfare function. Two competing classes are discussed and the rank-dependent RI is shown to be more robust to changes in the distribution of either socioeconomic rank or health. The standard error and sampling distribution of the rank-dependent RI are evaluated using linearization and resampling techniques, and the methodology is illustrated using health survey data from the U.S. National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey and registry data from the U.S. Surveillance, Epidemiology and End Results Program. Such data underlie many population-based objectives within the U.S. Healthy People 2020 initiative. The rank-dependent RI provides a unified mathematical framework for eliciting various societal positions with regards to the policies that are tied to such wide-reaching public health initiatives. For example, if population groups with lower socioeconomic position were ascertained to be more likely to utilize costly public programs, then the parameters of the RI could be selected to reflect prioritizing those population groups for intervention or treatment.Comment: Published at http://dx.doi.org/10.1214/15-AOAS822 in the Annals of Applied Statistics (http://www.imstat.org/aoas/) by the Institute of Mathematical Statistics (http://www.imstat.org

Hierarchical heterogenity of populations: modeling by the open Eigen hypercycle

The case of a biological population, which consists of sev-eral sub-populations (different kinds of the population ”so-cial” groups: families, bevies, etc.), has been considered. For description of non-trivial interactions between these groups, a model of ”open the Eigen hypercycle” has been proposed. Its bifurcation analysis for 3-dimension case has been carried out. Ecological interpretation of the results has been discussed

Endogenous population subgroups: the best population partition and optimal number of groups

The aim of this paper is to suggest a method to find endogenously the points that group the individuals of a given distribution in k clusters, where k is endogenously determined. These points are the cut-points. Thus, we need to determine a partition of the N individuals into a number k of groups, in such way that individuals in the same group are as alike as possible, but as distinct as possible from individuals in other groups. This method can be applied to endogenously identify k groups in income distributions: possible applications can be povertystopping rule, optimal grouping, Gini index