Strategic Development Trends in the World Pharmaceutical Industry

The main purpose of the paper is to research and evaluate the strategic development trends in the world pharmaceutical industry in the period 1996–2006.We aim to find that mergers and acquisitions prevail as a vital strategic development option in the world pharmaceutical industry. The research examines the exploratory hypothesis that the intensive globalization process, increased competitiveness and changed structure of competitors, strongly influence the consolidation development trends in the world pharmaceutical industry which result in an increased number of mergers and acquisitions. The intensive consolidation of the world pharmaceutical industry is a market driven process and conditioned by several strategic issues, such as lack of brand new products, increased competitiveness, fast globalization process, intensive global marketing and sales activities, changed structure of competitors, fight for global market shares and customers’ loyalty. There is clear evidence that the world pharmaceutical industry and market are both becoming more oligopolistic and monopolistic.world pharmaceutical industry, globalization, consolidation, mergers and acquisitions

Transformers: African American Women Leaders in the Pharmaceutical Industry

This qualitative study documents the experiences of African American women leaders in the pharmaceutical industry in the context of the transformative leadership model. Transformative leadership is a theory that recognizes that the success of individuals and organizations (including pharmaceutical companies) may be impacted by material realities and disparities that exist in a larger societal context. Consequently, transformative leaders seek to promote change (Shields, 2011). Eight African American leaders were interviewed regarding their leadership experiences in the pharmaceutical industry. The interview text was then coded based on the seven tenets of transformative leadership. The results indicated that, collectively, all participants exhibited all tenets, with each participant illustrating at least four of the seven tenets. Three tenets were common to all participants. They included tenet one (acknowledging power and privilege), tenet three (deconstructing and reconstructing knowledge frames), and tenet seven (demonstrating moral courage and activism). While African American women leaders in the pharmaceutical industry represent a small percentage of industry leadership, they are impactful leaders and contributors to its transformation. The findings have relevance to both scholars and practitioners in management leadership generally, as well as to leaders within the pharmaceutical industry

Pharmaceutical industry support for continuing medical education: Is it time to disengage?

Over the past two decades, the relationship between the medical profession and the pharmaceutical industry has been a source of intense debate, largely because of concern that it may harm patients through inappropriate prescribing, increase the costs of health care through the unjustified use of expensive pharmaceuticals and ultimately subvert the (proper) goals of medicine, medical education and medical research.1–4 Recent well-publicised instances of companies using multiple means, including continuing medical education (CME), to promote off-label use of their drugs (including AstraZeneca, which paid US$520 million in 2010 to settle charges that it promoted unapproved use of the antipsychotic quetiapine, and Eli Lilly, which paid US$1.415 billion in 2009 in criminal and civil penalties for promoting off-label use of olanzapine) have only served to heighten concerns that doctors can be persuaded, through direct or indirect means, to further the commercial interest of the pharmaceutical industry.5 It is uncertain exactly how much money the pharmaceutical industry spends on promoting its products to medical practitioners through detailing, advertising, gifts and drug samples, and support for travel, scientific meetings and continuing medical education. But it is a very large amount – a recent estimate put it at more than $US50 billion per year in the United States alone, with at least$US1–2 billion being spent on CME – and it is effectiv

The Global Pharmaceutical Industry, 2004

This teaching case looks at the development of the ethical pharmaceutical industry. The various forces affecting the discovery, development, production, distribution and marketing of prescription drugs are discussed in terms of their origins and recent developments. Readers are then invited to consider trends for the future.Ethical pharmaceuticals, industry analysis, five forces

The implications of WTO accession on the pharmaceutical industry in China

Given the limited capabilities of R&D and global distribution channels, and the virtual non-existence of patented drugs, the Chinese pharmaceutical industry has little chance to enter the global market of Western prescription drugs and compete with the established global giants head-on. The reality is that they are chasing a moving target and their competitors are becoming bigger and stronger day by day. The substantial reduction of import tariffs and the granting of comprehensive trading and distribution rights to foreign-financed firms following WTO accession, effectively tilted the level-playing field against the Chinese pharmaceutical industry. Given the short-term competitive advantages of the Chinese pharmaceutical industry on Chinese drugs, three development strategies are suggested: (1) consolidate the local market of herbal and generic drugs; (2) market Chinese drugs via the Internet; and (3) outsource R&D and collaborative marketing

TRIPS and the Pharmaceutical Industry in Bangladesh: Towards a National Strategy

The paper presents a study of the WTO-Doha Declaration on TRIPS and Public Health and explores the opportunities of the growth of Bangladesh’s domestic pharmaceutical industry. The paper comes up with a number of policy suggestions in terms of designing a national strategy for the development of Bangladesh’s pharmaceutical sector in the context of the Doha Declaration.Trade-Related Aspects of Intellectual Property, TRIPS, Pharmaceutical Industry, Bangladesh

Demand for Pharmaceuticals: Impacts on Production and Employment in Nearly Every Sector of the Economy

The pharmaceutical industry employs around 106 000 people and produces a good 9 billion euros or 2.5% of value added in the manufacturing sector in Germany. But it contributes a bigger part to value added and employment in the economy as a whole than these figures show. Its particular role results from the fact that almost its entire output (96%) goes direct to end user (final demand), while demand for its products is subject to the special regulations in the health system. With its purchases of intermediate products and capital goods the pharmaceutical industry gives rise to production and employment effects in nearly every area of production. That applies particularly to high quality services, like business-related services, research and development, leasing, services in the real estate and housing sector and data processing and data bank services. State regulations in the health system thus also have an effect in other sectors of the economy. This article presents analyses by DIW Berlin of the linkages between the pharmaceutical industry and the rest of the economy. It shows that deliveries by the pharmaceutical sector to final demand in private households and public authorities (the social insurance institutions, especially the compulsory health insurance) and abroad have considerable indirect production effects in other sectors of the economy, amounting to about 60% of the direct deliveries by the pharmaceutical industry to final demand. So for every person employed in the pharmaceutical industry one other person is employed in the rest of the economy.

Reconciling social and industrial goals: a bargaining model to pricing pharmaceuticals

The issues at stake for determining the price of a drug are related to finding an "equitable" trade-off between the legitimate need for the pharmaceutical industry to make a profit and full exploitation of the consumer’s surplus in a market with asymmetry of information. This paper develops a bargaining process where the regulator sets the price of drug in order to maximise the society’s net benefit while the pharmaceutical industry maximises its profit. The resulting price is a weighted average of willingness to pay and cost of the new drug. The weights are represented by the relative strength of the two actors which we show to depend on the importance of the drug for society (other alternatives on the market, the degree of innovation and effectiveness), and on the sustainability of the threat by the pharmaceutical industry to sell the drug only on the private market (medicaments not reimbursed by public healthcare system). Our proposed method allows to set the price of new drugs in different market contexts, i.e. where less effective alternatives are already sold or in new therapeutic areas. Keywords: Pharmaceutical Industry, Regulation, Health Care

What the doctor ordered? : the economics of drug reimportation

Pharmaceutical industry ; Drugs ; Prices

Pharmaceutical Industry\u27s Effect on Socioeconomic Development in Sub-Saharan Africa in Relation to Family Planning Accessibility

There is a large unmet need for family planning services in sub-Saharan Africa (Goodkind et al, 2018). Pharmaceutical companies contribute to the accessibility of medications in developing countries (Cottingham & Berer, 2011). If the pharmaceutical industry strongly affects access to contraceptives in sub-Saharan Africa, then it is possible that adjustments made to the industry would increase access to contraceptives. I explored how contraceptives change the economic and social development of subSaharan Africa to determine if contraception benefits Africans enough for their shortage to be a serious injustice. This is followed by how the pharmaceutical industry affects access to and types of birth control available in the area. The potential solution of instilling more non-profit medical institutions to increase contraceptive availability is also probed. It was concluded that access to reproductive health services in sub-Saharan Africa should be available due to their overwhelmingly positive economic and social benefits. However, the for-profit pharmaceutical industry creates obstacles for universal access, such as intellectual property rights and a profit-motivated model (Cottingham & Berer, 2011). Though a nonprofit pharmaceutical system and alternative medications may increase availability of reproductive health services, more research should be conducted as to how a more socialized form of medicine would increase universal access to contraceptives