Using Social Media to Promote Deep Learning and Increase Student Engagement

In this paper we discuss an intervention that was introduced at the University of Glasgow in order to address problems of scheduling face to face Peer Assisted Learning (PAL) sessions in the College of Science and Engineering (CoSE). Using Facebook groups, the authors have successfully implemented a Virtual Peer Assisted Learning (VPAL) model. We begin by discussing the background to choosing VPAL as a model and Facebook groups as a method of delivery, and then set out our model in detail. We next present some recent student feedback and discuss the strengths and weaknesses of our model. We end by also commenting on the sustainability and transferability of this design

The Message is the Medium: Electronically Helping Writing Tutors Help Electronically

The history of online writing centers is a history of doubt. I experienced those reservations in 2009, when, in addition to traditional face-to-face peer tutoring, I launched my own online peer tutoring program and began training undergraduates to respond to student submissions. Online writing centers were already common, but the decision the begin tutoring online was not all mine—the university administration was encouraging faculty to create online and web-assisted courses, and it expected its academic support keep up with the pace of technology, distance learning, and even fears that a future pandemic could hinder face to face learning. After consulting with tutors and instructional technology staff, I decided on asynchronous peer tutoring: students would fill out an intake form and questionnaire about their assignment and writing process, and then they would upload what they had written; tutors would then respond via email within 24 hours, even on weekends. This system allowed us to help as many students as quickly as possible, particularly non-traditional, commuting, and working students unable to meet face to face.University Writing Cente

You understand that whole big situation they\u27re in : Interpretative phenomenological analysis of peer-assisted learning

Abstract Background Peer-assisted learning (PAL) increasingly features within medical school curricula. While there is evidence of its effectiveness, less is known about how it promotes learning. Cognitive and social congruence between peer-tutor and student have been described as important concepts underpinning teaching and learning in PAL. We employed interpretative phenomenological analysis for an in-depth exploration of how medical students experience PAL sessions. Methods We conducted the study at The University of Manchester within a near-peer scheme aimed at developing clinical skills within clinical clerkship students. We conducted individual interviews with three peer tutors and five students. We undertook interpretive phenomenological analysis of interview transcripts. We subsequently synthesised an account of the study participants’ lived experiences of PAL sessions from individual personal accounts to explore how medical students experience peer-assisted learning. This analysis was then used to complement and critique a priori educational theory regarding the mechanisms underlying PAL. Results Students experienced PAL sessions as a safe and egalitarian environment, which shaped the type and style of learning that took place. This was facilitated by close relationships with peer-tutors, with whom they shared a strong sense of camaraderie and shared purpose. Peer-tutors felt able to understand their students’ wider sociocultural context, which was the most important factor underpinning both the PAL environment and tutor-student relationship. Participants contrasted this relative safety, camaraderie and shared purpose of PAL with teaching led by more senior tutors in clinical settings. Conclusions This study provides a rich description of the important factors that characterise medical students’ experiences of PAL sessions. Participants felt a strong sense of support in PAL sessions that took into account their wider sociocultural context. Multiple factors interplayed to create a learning environment and tutor-student relationship that existed in contrast to teaching led by more senior, clinical tutors. The insight generated via IPA complemented existing theory and raised new lines of enquiry to better understand how the peer relationship fosters learning in PAL at medical school. We make recommendations to use insights from PAL for faculty and curriculum development

Perceptions from Athletic Training Students Involved in an Intentional Peer-Assisted Learning Pedagogy

Context: Peer-assisted learning (PAL) has been shown to benefit students across educational levels. Current research has investigated perceptions of PAL, postgraduate impact, as well as prevalence. This study investigated athletic training students’ perceptions of an intentional PAL pedagogy on both the peer-student and peer-tutor. In this study, the peer-tutors had training prior to implementation. Objective: To explore athletic training students’ perceptions of an intentional PAL pedagogy. Design: Qualitative study using a phenomenological approach. Setting: Focus group interviews with professional undergraduate athletic training students. Patients or Other Participants: Eleven athletic training students from 1 accredited athletic training program volunteered for this study. Five students (4 females, 1 male) serving as peer-tutors and 6 (5 females, 1 male) peer-students participated in focus group interviews in spring term 2015. The peer-tutors completed training prior to tutoring the peer-students. Main Outcome Measure(s): Focus group interviews were conducted with a structured interview protocol. The peer-student and peer-tutor groups were asked separate questions. Interview data were analyzed inductively to uncover dominant themes, first by organizing the data, then summarizing into codes, and finally interpreting. Credibility was secured through member checking, triangulation, and investigator triangulation. Results: Themes indicated that both peer-students and peer-tutors perceived that, through PAL, they collaborated, built relationships, gained confidence, were exposed to varied techniques, and the PAL pedagogy served as a way to review and practice, which changed their clinical educational experiences. Peer-tutors developed skills in leadership and teaching through their PAL experience. Conclusions: Evidence demonstrated that PAL created a learning environment in the student’s clinical educational experiences that involved collaboration, relationships, confidence building, and more time for review and practice

Computer Assisted Self and Peer Assessment Ratings (CASPAR): Applications, Challenges and Opportunities

This paper discusses the application of and challenges associated with CASPAR (Computer Assisted Self and Peer Assessment Ratings) – a software tool designed to aid the administration of self and peer assessment (SPA). CASPAR was piloted on eight units from six subject areas (Hospitality, Leisure, Sport, Tourism, Retail and Events). Data was gathered through questionnaires from 146 students. The paper discusses the functionality of CASPAR as well as its application in learning, teaching and assessment. The paper also compares the SPA process and application of CASPAR in a hospitality operations management unit and other units to identify good practice

Using Peer Feedback to Promote Reflection on Open-Ended Problems

This paper describes a new approach for learning from homework, called Peer-Assisted Reflection (PAR). PAR involves students using peer feedback to improve their work on open-ended homework problems. Collaborating with peers and revising one's work based on the feedback of others are important aspects of doing and learning physics. While notable exceptions exist, homework and exams are generally individual activities that do not support collaboration and refinement, which misses important opportunities to use assessment for learning. In contrast, PAR provides students with a structure to iteratively engage with challenging, open-ended problems and solicit the input of their peers to improve their work.Comment: 14 pages (preprint format), 2 figures; accepted for publication in The Physics Teache

Assisted performance – a pragmatic conception of online learning

This paper proposes a novel theoretical perspective on the nature of online learning. Taking a socio-cultural perspective, an argument is offered for the theorisation of peer to peer learning as a variety of ‘assisted performance’. Using this theoretical lens, a case study is then offered which uses this model to frame an analysis of the nature and occurrences of online exchanges between students, and with tutors. The case study looks at two years of online discussion in a Master’s programme in a United Kingdom university. The results suggest that looking for examples of assisted performance in the online exchanges can offer insights into the learning that can take place in online discussion and offers one way of recognising meaningful online interaction, and therefore point to ways of promoting such exchanges

Statistically does Peer Assisted Learning make a difference on Engineering Degree Programme in the UK? HETL Scotland 2017

Black British minority ethnic (BME) students are nationally underachieving in comparison to their Ethnic Chinese and White peers, typically 16% graduate attainment gap in the UK. Previous research has suggested that attainment gap could be explained by BME students’; lack of sense of belonging; disengagement; typically commute from their family home to University; typically have part-time employment. However, peer assisted learning (PAL) has been shown to have a positive impact on addressing and resolving students’ alienation and disengagement. However, a question still remains regarding whether student perceptions hold up to statistical analysis of learning performance when scrutinised in comparison to similar cohorts without PAL interventions. This paper presents the results of a statistical study for two cohorts of students on engineering courses with a disproportionately high representation of BME students. The research method undertook a statistical analysis of student records for the two cohorts to ascertain any patterns of correlation between: PAL; student ethnicity; and student parental employment upon student academic performance; and placement attainment. Student family employment background has been shown to typically influence student engagement and retention on educational studies. The analysis of the results of the two cohorts indicate that PAL has no significant impact on the academic performance; however PAL has a positive impact upon the placement attainment for BME students and students with parents in non-managerial/professional employment. Previous research evaluation of peer assisted learning programmes have focused on quantitative study of students’ surveys and qualitative semi-structured research interviews with students on their student engagement and learning experience. Whereas this paper evaluates the intervention from a quantitative statistical analysis of the student records data approach to evaluate the impact of the peer assisted learning has on a cohort’s academic performance and placement attainment in comparison to different social categories (classifications). The results are compared with the results of another cohort with a similar student profile, but has no peer assisted learning intervention implementatio