A STUDY ON THE DIFFICULTIES FACED BY THE DEBATERS OF UNIVERSITY OF MUHAMMADIYAH MALANG IN JOINING AUSTRALASIAN PARLEMENTARY SYSTEM DEBAT ECONTEST

Debating is about developing communication skill. Debating is not about personal abuse, irrational attack or purely emotional appeals. The aim of the debate is how to convince\ud the adjudicators.\ud This study aimed to describe the difficulties faced by the debaters of University of Muhammadiyah Malang in joining Australasian Parliamentary System debate contest.\ud This study concerned on the difficulties of the debaters of University of Muhammadiyah Malang that followed Indonesian Varsities English Debate (IVED) conducted at University of Ahmad Dahlan Jogjakarta. They consist of 6 debaters which were the representative of University of Muhammadiyah Malang that came from English Student Association (ESA/PROGRESSIO) and International Language forum (ILF).\ud The data of this study was taken from the guideline of Australasian Parliamentary System (APS) and the result of the interview. From those data the writer analyzed the difficulties of the debaters of University of Muhammadiyah Malang when they followed Indonesian Varsities English Debate contest.\ud This study was descriptive research that described the information of current status of phenomenon. The writer analyzed the difficulties of the debaters when they followed\ud Australasian Parliamentary System debate contest\ud The results of this study informed that the debaters of University of Muhammadiyah Malang got the difficulties both non linguistically (system) and linguistically. The non\ud linguistic (system) were: matter (content), manner (delivery), method (structure), motion, definition, theme line, challenge, roles of speakers and reply speech. Meanwhile, the linguistic problems consist of: limited vocabulary, flow of speech, clarity of expression\ud and pronunciation.\ud Eventually, the writer suggests that the debaters of University of Muhammadiyah Malang enlarge their proficiencies in debate especially for Australasian Parliamentary System debate by joining many debate competitions whether in East java or in Indonesia.\ud Mastering that system will bring many advantages for the debaters and for the University of Muhammadiyah Malang. The writer does hope to other researcher to observe the\ud interest of the students of University of Muhammadiyah Malang in joining Australasian Parliamentary System debate

Parliamentary functions portrayed on European parliaments' websites

This article uses data from a pilot study on the websites of 15 parliaments in Europe to identify which parliamentary functions are portrayed on these websites. The pilot study undertook a contents analysis focused on four parliamentary functions: legislation, legitimation, representation and scrutiny, to ascertain the extent to which each of these functions is present on the websites analysed. As parliaments face difficulties of public perception, their websites become an important tool for dissemination of parliamentary work. And yet we know little about what these websites portray, when it comes to parliamentary activity. Are these websites a reflection of parliamentary work? To what extent do these websites express political debate? To what extent are these websites comprehensive to all of the roles performed by parliaments? This article shows that legislation is the main focus of parliamentary websites in Europe and representation the one that has less devoted space. This may go some way to explain why some parliamentary websites are considered as too dense and not user friendly. We also show that parliamentary websites tend to focus on parliamentary outputs to the detriment of parliamentary actors. Because of their institutional collective representation, parliaments are cautious in focusing on politicians or parties; instead they focus on what parliaments produce (laws, questions, debates, etc.). Again, this goes some way to explain why parliaments' websites may not be as engaging as one may expect, simply because they are not meant to reflect political debate, but simply to facilitate it

“What is the point of Parliamentary debate?” Deliberation, oratory, opposition and spectacle in the British House of Commons

This article seeks to open up debate about Parliamentary debate by exploring the history of ideas about Parliamentary debate and rhetoric through the lens of four core concepts: deliberation, oratory, opposition and spectacle. These are not the names of singular ideas let alone schools of thought; they are conceptual fields each of which gives a particular shape to ways of conceiving, criticizing and defending Commons debate. In mapping this topos – identifying historical debates and practices alongside contemporary arguments found in political theory, political science and Rhetoric – I show that our thinking and arguing about the Commons is part of a contested and ongoing history more complex than we acknowledge. I argue that Parliamentary Debate has a number of purposes and that our thinking about it, and evaluation of it, should not be contained within the frame of “deliberation” but should also take account of the political value and importance of oratory, opposition and spectacle

THE ART OF RHETORIC USING STYLISTIC DEVICES IN WORLD UNIVERSITIES DEBATING CHAMPIONSHIP: A Study of Pragmatics

Debating is recognized as a way of doing persuasion in speech that deals with four points of debate pillars, for instance: assertion, reasoning, evidence, and link back. There are two formats on parliamentary debating competitions; Asian and British. The format of worlds is British Parliamentary debate, which consists of eight debaters divided into four teams, two on the pro-position and other two on the opposition, and allows debaters 15 minutes of preparation and doing the case building before engaging in the round (Harvey-Smith, 2011; Johnson, 2009; Lising, 2010). Over past few years, every country’s debater champions have been gathered and involved in a high level of debate atmosphere to compete each other as their country’s representatives to have worlds’ champion title. In conjunction to the glance of forewords, researcher will analyze annual world most prestigious debating championship, WUDC 2016, which took place in Thessaloniki, Greece. The study will use descriptive qualitative method. The source of this research is taken from video streaming on Youtube that shows ESL grand final round between University of Indonesia team A (Indonesia) as Prime Minister (PM) and RWTH Aachen team A (Germany) as leader of opposition (LO). This approach is intended to answer: (1) What stylistic devices appear in World Universities Debating Championship 2016? (2) What kinds of illocutionary act appear and how its perlocutionary impacts the opponent side’s respond that results in rebuttal? This analysis is based on Aristotle (1991) and Searle (1979) which result is expected to reveal the technique of how debaters unconsciously deliver their persuasive speech in front of adjudicator core

Defending biomedical authority and regulating the womb as social space. Prenatal testing in the Polish press

The issue of abortion has been the topic of heated and frequent debate in post-Communist Poland. Parliamentary debate in 1998—9 centred around a legislative attempt to restrict prenatal testing, specifically amniocentesis, in order to further reduce the numbers of abortions carried out, as it was argued to inevitably result in the termination of pregnancy. Medical professionals are rarely visible as subjects of and authorities on the abortion debate in the Polish context. However, in this debate around prenatal testing, the medical community appear as key commentators and meaning-makers. This article asks the following questions: What role do the medical profession and biomedical knowledge play in the debate around prenatal testing, when abortion is highly politicized? Second, what social meanings and consequences are attributed to prenatal testing? How do these construct the relationship between foetus, pregnant woman and doctor, and what agency and 'rights' are attributed to women in the process of prenatal testing

An ever closer inter-parliamentary network? National parliaments' priorities in inter-parliamentary cooperation in the EU

Introduction: In the EU democratic deficit debate inter-parliamentary cooperation has gained attention in its function to link the two levels of representation: the European Parliament and the national parliaments. Ideally we would witness the mutually supportive cooperation in an never closer "multi-level parliamentary field" (Crum and Fossum, 2013). The aim of this paper is to understand motivation for inter-parliamentary cooperation on EU issues in cross-country comparison. What factors explain how national parliaments set their priorities in the various formal and informal channels of inter-parliamentary cooperation

CPD’S PRE-ELECTION POLICY BRIEFS: Results from the Identification Exercise

The paper documents various consultations conducted by CPD during the last quarter of the year 2000 to identify specific issues to be taken up for the purpose of preparing the pre-election policy briefs. The paper provides suggestions to improve the capacity of civil society to contribute to the policy debate and to formulate ideas for the national political process in the run-up to, and immediately after, the parliamentary elections due in 2001.Election, Policy Briefs, Bangladeshg

Creative tension: parliament and national security

Overview: This paper argues that enhancing parliament’s role in national security will reinforce executive accountability, improve the quality of public debate over national security and serve to strengthen the foundations of Australia’s parliamentary democracy. There are several measures that would materially improve parliament’s role in the conduct of national security:  enhance respect for parliament as the forum for consideration of national security issues by utilising the parliament’s existing procedures to more fully consider issues of foreign affairs, defence, intelligence and border security develop parliamentarians’ education in national security by providing a new members’ orientation program focussed on national security examine parliament’s exercise of war powers  encourage parliamentary diplomacy  a material improvement in parliament’s role demands more attention to increasing the human and financial resources available to key national security committees undertake an examination of national security committee mandates, particularly in intelligence oversigh

Interpreting the Syria vote: parliament and British foreign policy

This article presents three distinct interpretations of how parliamentary war powers affect British foreign policy more generally, based on a detailed analysis of the debate preceding the vote in parliament in August 2013 on whether Britain should intervene in the Syrian civil war. The first interpretation treats parliament as a site for domestic role contestation. From this perspective, parliamentary war powers matter because they raise the significance of MPs' doubts about Britain's proper global ‘role’. The second interpretation treats parliament as a forum for policy debate. There is nothing new about MPs discussing international initiatives. But now they do more than debate, they decide, at least where military action is involved. From this perspective, parliamentary war powers matter because they make British foreign policy more cautious and less consistent, even if they also make it more transparent and (potentially) more democratic in turn. The final interpretation treats parliament as an arena for political competition. From this perspective, parliamentary involvement exposes major foreign policy decisions to the vagaries of partisan politicking, a potent development in an era of weak or coalition governments, and a recipe for unpredictability. Together these developments made parliament's war powers highly significant, not just where military action is concerned, but for British foreign policy overall

An elected second chamber: a Conservative view

The votes in the House of Commons in March 2007 in favour of a democratically elected second chamber represented a vital step forward in this long debate. Subsequent to the vote, a crossparty group has discussed the key steps needed for reform to be implemented; the results of these discussions informed the White Paper published in July 2008 (An Elected Second Chamber: Further reform of the House of Lords). The discussions revealed important areas of agreement, but also key issues that have yet to be resolved. The White Paper invited comment on these issues, and in the wake of the Commons expenses scandal the Prime Minister has pledged to “come forward with published proposals for the final stage of House of Lords reform before the summer Adjournment.” This paper represents the views of two Conservative MPs who served on the party’s Democracy Task Force, both of whom have contributed to debate on parliamentary and constitutional issues over many years. In writing it, we hope to influence both our own party, as it draws up its manifesto for the next election, and the wider debate heralded by the White Paper and by the Prime Minister’s statement