Classification and mapping of paddy rice by combining Landsat and SAR time series data

Rice is an important food resource, and the demand for rice has increased as population has expanded. Therefore, accurate paddy rice classification and monitoring are necessary to identify and forecast rice production. Satellite data have been often used to produce paddy rice maps with more frequent update cycle (e.g., every year) than field surveys. Many satellite data, including both optical and SAR sensor data (e.g., Landsat, MODIS, and ALOS PALSAR), have been employed to classify paddy rice. In the present study, time series data from Landsat, RADARSAT-1, and ALOS PALSAR satellite sensors were synergistically used to classify paddy rice through machine learning approaches over two different climate regions (sites A and B). Six schemes considering the composition of various combinations of input data by sensor and collection date were evaluated. Scheme 6 that fused optical and SAR sensor time series data at the decision level yielded the highest accuracy (98.67% for site A and 93.87% for site B). Performance of paddy rice classification was better in site A than site B, which consists of heterogeneous land cover and has low data availability due to a high cloud cover rate. This study also proposed Paddy Rice Mapping Index (PMI) considering spectral and phenological characteristics of paddy rice. PMI represented well the spatial distribution of paddy rice in both regions. Google Earth Engine was adopted to produce paddy rice maps over larger areas using the proposed PMI-based approach

Combining remote sensing and ground census data to develop new maps of the distribution of rice agriculture in China

Large-scale assessments of the potential for food production and its impact on biogeochemical cycling require the best possible information on the distribution of cropland. This information can come from ground-based agricultural census data sets and/or spaceborne remote sensing products, both with strengths and weaknesses. Official cropland statistics for China contain much information on the distribution of crop types, but are known to significantly underestimate total cropland areas and are generally at coarse spatial resolution. Remote sensing products can provide moderate to fine spatial resolution estimates of cropland location and extent, but supply little information on crop type or management. We combined county-scale agricultural census statistics on total cropland area and sown area of 17 major crops in 1990 with a fine-resolution land-cover map derived from 1995–1996 optical remote sensing (Landsat) data to generate 0.5° resolution maps of the distribution of rice agriculture in mainland China. Agricultural census data were used to determine the fraction of crop area in each 0.5° grid cell that was in single rice and each of 10 different multicrop paddy rice rotations (e.g., winter wheat/rice), while the remote sensing land-cover product was used to determine the spatial distribution and extent of total cropland in China. We estimate that there were 0.30 million km2 of paddy rice cropland; 75% of this paddy land was multicropped, and 56% had two rice plantings per year. Total sown area for paddy rice was 0.47 million km2. Paddy rice agriculture occurred on 23% of all cultivated land in China

Northward expansion of paddy rice in northeastern Asia during 2000-2014.

Paddy rice in monsoon Asia plays an important role in global food security and climate change. Here we documented annual dynamics of paddy rice areas in the northern frontier of Asia, including Northeastern (NE) China, North Korea, South Korea, and Japan, from 2000-2014 through analysis of satellite images. The paddy rice area has increased by 120% (2.5 to 5.5 million ha) in NE China, in comparison to a decrease in South Korea and Japan, and the paddy rice centroid shifted northward from 41.16 °N to 43.70 °N (~310 km) in this period. Market, technology, policy, and climate together drove the rice expansion in NE China. The increased use of greenhouse nurseries, improved rice cultivars, agricultural subsidy policy, and a rising rice price generally promoted northward paddy rice expansion. The potential effects of large rice expansion on climate change and ecological services should be paid more attention in the future

Factors affecting smallholder paddy rice farmer's choice of marketing channel in the northern region of Ghana : a thesis submitted in partial fulfilment of the requirements for the degree of Master of AgriCommerce at Massey University, Palmerston North, New Zealand

The scientific community advocates that enhancing smallholder farmers’ access to reliable, ready and direct market channel is a prerequisite to the attainment of sustainable food supply and poverty reduction in the developing world including Ghana. However, the smallholder farmers' access to direct marketing channels in Ghana has been a critical challenge; therefore, this study aims to analyse the factors that influence smallholder paddy rice farmers’ decision to participate in either the direct marketing channel specifically processors or the indirect marketing channel specifically, middlemen in the Northern Region of Ghana. Purposive sampling was used to select farmers from three rice growing districts in the Northern Region of Ghana. The study employed the Binary Logit regression model in the analysis of the factors affecting farmers’ choices of marketing channel. A t-test was also used to compare the mean yields and revenues generated by farmers who marketed their paddy rice outputs in the direct and indirect marketing channels. A five-point Likert scale was used to rank the constraints that affect the production and marketing of rice output among rice farmers. The study revealed that a lower percentage of farmers sold their paddy rice output to processors (direct channel). The Logit model showed that farm size, the price of paddy rice output per 85kg bag, access to market information and access to credit increased the farmers' participation in the direct marketing channel whereas payment period and ownership of bicycle reduced farmers' their participation. The t-test result revealed that the participation in the direct marketing channel raised farmers' revenue. The study further showed that limited access to credit, poor climatic condition, the high cost of labour, the high cost of farm inputs and low mechanisation were the top five production challenges they encountered in their rice production. Low market prices, post-harvest losses, the high cost of transportation, limited market option and low demand for local rice were the top-ranked marketing constraints reported by farmers. The study concludes that it is more profitable for farmers to sell their paddy rice output to processors instead of middlemen. Therefore, policymakers need to incorporate the significant factors of farmers’ choices of marketing channels in the formulation of agricultural policy that seeks to promote farmers’ access to direct marketing channels in developing countries including Ghana

Recent Trends in the Nutrient Status of the Paddy Field Soil in Japan and Related Topics(Frontiers in Rice Science -from Gene to Field-,The 100^<th> Anniversary of Tohoku University, International Symposium)

Paddy rice production is important for Asian people because rice is their traditional staple diet and it is a reliable crop for them. Rice shows second highest yield per ha next to maize and sustainability of paddy rice production is excellent. High sustainability of paddy rice production is at least partly due to flooding and nutrient supply through irrigation water. Yield and quality of paddy rice are better than those of upland rice. In this paper, we review characteristics of the paddy field soils and recent trends in the nutrient status of Japanese paddy field soils, and then we introduce our recent research topics on N, P, S and Cd in the paddy field soil

Application of a New Inoculant “Chikuso-1” for Silage Preparation of Forage Paddy Rice

Forage paddy rice is currently one of the most important silage crops in Japan. In fact, the use of paddy rice culture for silage production has been steadily increasing in recent years, not only because this represents a new way towards achieving self-sufficiency in animal feed, but also because of the interest of combining crop cultivation and livestock farming as a more effective use of idle paddy fields that often remain unused. However, the preparation of quality silage from paddy rice and its long-term storage are often challenging (Cai et al., 1999, 2003). In this study, a new bacterial inoculant was developed and its application for silage preparation of forage paddy rice was examined

Efektivitas Pemanfaatan Lahan untuk Budidaya Tanaman Pangan (Padi Sawah) di Kecamatan Rambah Samo Kabupaten Rokan Hulu

:Effectiveness of Land Use for Food Crops ( paddy Rice ) in the Districtof Rokan Hulu Rambah Samo. This research background by the program designedby the Government of Rokan Hulu to realize the vision of the year 2013 " RokanHulu as rice self-sufficiency " . However , it seems this plan can not be realized withgood results . To achieve these targets , the Government of Rokan Hulu through theDepartment of Food Crops and Horticulture initiative to organize the cultivation offood crops of rice ( paddy rice ) . However , can not operate effectively due to someobstacles on the ground .The purpose of this study was to determine the effectivenessof the use of land for cultivation of food crops (paddy rice) in District Rambah Samoand to determine the factors that hinder the effective use of land for cultivation offood crops (paddy rice ) in District Rambah Samo regency Rokan Hulu .Keywords: Effectiveness, benefit, and political will

REMOTE SENSING UNTUK MEMPREDIKSI PRODUKSI TANAMAN PADI SAWAH DI KABUPATEN BANDUNG MENGGUNAKAN ALGORITMA GRADIENT BOOSTING REGRESSOR

Tanaman padi merupakan sumber karbohidrat utama bagi mayoritas penduduk dunia. Produksi padi menempati uruan ketiga setelah jagung dan gandum di seluruh dunia. Tanaman padi juga memegang peranan sebagai makanan pokok di Indonesia. Pada tahun 2011 – 2015, produksi padi di Indonesia mengalami peningkatan sebesar 9,64 juta ton atau sebesar 14,66%. Selain itu, tanaman padi juga berperan sebagai pendorong pertumbuhan ekonomi nasional dilihat dari kontribusinya dalam sektor pertanian sebagai sektor penyumbang terbesar kedua Produk Domestik Bruto. Dilihat dari peranannya di Indonesia, prediksi produksi padi menjadi hal yang krusial. Penelitian ini memanfaatkan teknologi remote sensing untuk memprediksi produksi tanaman padi sawah di sebagian wilyah Kabupaten Bandung. Data citra satelit Landsat 8 diekstraksi informasinya menggunakan aplikasi remote sensing ENVI, menghasilkan transformasi indeks vegetasi NDVI untuk diperoleh hubungan regresinya dengan produksi tanaman padi sawah. Prediksi dilakukan dengan membangun model Gradient Boosting Regression (GBR). Hasil eksperimen menunjukkan bahwa skenario terbaik menghasilkan nilai RMSE sebesar 9677,22 dengan nilai koefisien determinasi (R2) sebesar 0,60. Paddy rice is the main source of carbohydrates for the majority of the world's population. Paddy rice got the third place as the largest crop in the world, after corn and wheat. Paddy rice also plays an important role as Indonesia's most important staple food. From 2011 to 2015, paddy rice production in Indonesia increased by 9.64 millions tons or 14.66%. In addition, paddy rice also plays a role as one of the main booster of national economic growth based on its contribution to Indonesia's gross domestic product (GDB), which means yield prediction of paddy rice is crucial in Indonesia. This research exploits the technology of remote sensing to predict the yield of paddy rice using Landsat 8 satellite imagery. The satellite imagery are processed by remote sensing software (ENVI), resulting the transformation of vegetation indices called NDVI that later will be used to obtain its relationship with the yield of paddy rice. The prediction is done by building the model of Gradient Boosting Regressor algorithm. The experimental result show that the best scenario produces a RMSE value of 9677.22 with a coefficient of determination (R2) score of 0.60

FAKTOR SOSIAL YANG MEMPENGARUHI PENINGKATAN PENDAPATAN USAHATANI PADI DI KABUPATEN PASURUAN

The Paddy plant is one of the important primary food commodities in Indonesia, Java island is one of the national paddy granaries in Indonesia. As one of the staple ingredients in Indonesia, Paddy rice is also used as a source of livelihood for most people in Indonesia. Sumbersuko Village, located in Pasuruan Regency, Purwosari District, is a village in which the majority of the population works as paddy rice farmers. From this background, the study aims to determine the income level of paddy rice farmers in Sumbersuko Village and to see what factors that influence paddy rice production in Sumbersuko Village. The data used in this study include primary data sources and secondary data sources. The analysis method used is farm income and linear regression. The result of this research is that the average income of rice farmers in Sumbersuko village is around 4,986,054, -IDR per hectare. The factors that significantly influence the area-wide land

ANALISIS FAKTOR-FAKTOR YANG MEMPENGARUHI PRODUKSI PADI SAWAH DI DESA PAYA BILI SA KECAMATAN BIREM BAYEUN KABUPATEN ACEH TIMUR

Factors affecting paddy rice production in Paya Bili Sa Village, Birem Bayeun District, East Aceh Regency. This research was conducted in Paya Bili Sa Village, Birem Bayeun District, East Aceh Regency. Sampling was carried out using the slovin formula with an error tolerance of 15%, from a total population of 145 people, a sample of 34 people was obtained. Data processing is carried out using SPSS 20 software. The results of statistical analysis with the double linear regression method, obtained the value of Y= 98.734 + 3586.085 X1 + 0.000159 X2 + 0.005696 X3 + 0.000521 X4 + 0.000300 X5. The results of the coefficient of determination (R2) test showed the relationship between the variables of land area, labor costs, seed costs, fertilizer costs and pesticide costs had a very strong effect on paddy rice production, Test t, showed that variables of land area, labor costs, seed costs, fertilizer costs had a significant effect on paddy rice production, while pesticide variables did not affect paddy rice production,  For the F test, it was shown that the variables of land area, labor costs, seed costs, fertilizer costs and pesticide costs significantly affected paddy rice production, in Paya Bili Sa Village, Birem Bayeun District, East Aceh Regency