The Effect of Dietary and Exercise Self-Management Support Program on Dietary Behavior Exercise Behavior and Clinical Outcomes in Muslim Patients with Poorly Controlled Type 2 DM in a Community Setting in Indonesia

Purpose: The objective of this study was to examine the effect of dietary and exercise self-management support program on the dietary behavior, exercise behavior, and clinical outcomes of Muslim patients with poorly controlled type 2 DM in Indonesia. Methods: This study was a quasi-experimental, two group, pre-test and post-test design. The experimental group received the dietary and exercise self-management support program and usual care, whereas the control group only received the usual nursing care.Result: 35 subjects in the experimental group and 35 subjects in the control group completed the program, respectively. The findings indicated that there are significantly differences in dietary behavior (p=.00), exercise behavior (p=.00) and clinical outcomes: fasting blood glucose (FBG) (p=.00), cholesterol total level (p=.01) and systolic blood pressure (p=.00) between the experimental group and control group. However, for the BMI status (p=.84) and diastolic blood pressure (BP) (p=.32) were no significant differences between two groups. Conclusion: The dietary and exercise self-management support program was effective for improving the dietary behavior, exercise behavior, FBG, and total cholesterol level for individuals with poorly controlled type 2 diabetes mellitus. Further studies should be replicated using larger groups over a longer time frame

Anion vacancies as a source of persistent photoconductivity in II-VI and chalcopyrite semiconductors

Using first-principles electronic structure calculations we identify the anion vacancies in II-VI and chalcopyrite Cu-III-VI2 semiconductors as a class of intrinsic defects that can exhibit metastable behavior. Specifically, we predict persistent electron photoconductivity (n-type PPC) caused by the oxygen vacancy VO in n-ZnO, and persistent hole photoconductivity (p-type PPC) caused by the Se vacancy VSe in p-CuInSe2 and p-CuGaSe2. We find that VSe in the chalcopyrite materials is amphoteric having two "negative-U" like transitions, i.e. a double-donor transition e(2+/0) close to the valence band and a double-acceptor transition e(0/2-) closer to the conduction band. We introduce a classification scheme that distinguishes two types of defects (e.g., donors): type-alpha, which have a defect-localized-state (DLS) in the gap, and type-beta, which have a resonant DLS within the host bands (e.g., conduction band). In the latter case, the introduced carriers (e.g., electrons) relax to the band edge where they can occupy a perturbed-host-state (PHS). Type alpha is non-conducting, whereas type beta is conducting. We identify the neutral anion vacancy as type-alpha and the doubly positively charged vacancy as type-beta. We suggest that illumination changes the charge state of the anion vacancy and leads to a crossover between alpha- and beta-type behavior, resulting in metastability and PPC. In CuInSe2, the metastable behavior of VSe is carried over to the (VSe-VCu) complex, which we identify as the physical origin of PPC observed experimentally. We explain previous puzzling experimental results in ZnO and CuInSe2 in the light of this model.Comment: submitted to Phys. Rev.

Coexistence of Weak Localization and a Metallic Phase in Si/SiGe Quantum Wells

Magnetoresistivity measurements on p-type Si/SiGe quantum wells reveal the coexistence of a metallic behavior and weak localization. Deep in the metallic regime, pronounced weak localization reduces the metallic behavior around zero magnetic field without destroying it. In the insulating phase, a positive magnetoresistivity emerges close to B=0, possibly related to spin-orbit interactions.Comment: 4 pages, 3 figure

Temperature dependence of the spectral weight in p- and n-type cuprates: a study of normal state partial gaps and electronic kinetic energy

The optical conductivity of CuO2 (copper-oxygen) planes in p- and n-type cuprates thin films at various doping levels is deduced from highly accurate reflectivity data. The temperature dependence of the real part sigma1(omega) of this optical conductivity and the corresponding spectral weight allow to track the opening of a partial gap in the normal state of n-type Pr{2-x}Ce(x)CuO4 (PCCO), but not of p-type Bi2Sr2CaCu2O(8+delta} (BSCCO) cuprates. This is a clear difference between these two families of cuprates, which we briefly discuss. In BSCCO, the change of the electronic kinetic energy Ekin - deduced from the spectral weight- at the superconducting transition is found to cross over from a conventional BCS behavior (increase of Ekin below Tc to an unconventional behavior (decrease of Ekin below Tc) as the free carrier density decreases. This behavior appears to be linked to the energy scale over which spectral weight is lost and goes into the superfluid condensate, hence may be related to Mott physics

Universal features of cluster numbers in percolation

The number of clusters per site $n(p)$ in percolation at the critical point $p = p_c$ is not itself a universal quantity---it depends upon the lattice and percolation type (site or bond). However, many of its properties, including finite-size corrections, scaling behavior with $p$, and amplitude ratios, show various degrees of universal behavior. Some of these are universal in the sense that the behavior depends upon the shape of the system, but not lattice type. Here, we elucidate the various levels of universality for elements of $n(p)$ both theoretically and by carrying out extensive studies on several two- and three-dimensional systems, by high-order series analysis, Monte-Carlo simulation, and exact enumeration. We find many new results, including precise values for $n(p_c)$ for several systems, a clear demonstration of the singularity in $n''(p)$, and metric scale factors. We make use of the matching polynomial of Sykes and Essam to find exact relations between properties for lattices and matching lattices. We propose a criterion for an absolute metric factor $b$ based upon the singular behavior of the scaling function, rather than a relative definition of the metric that has previously been used.Comment: 8 pages, 3 figure